1
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Kremp M, Aberle T, Sock E, Bohl B, Hillgärtner S, Winkler J, Wegner M. Transcription factor Olig2 is a major downstream effector of histone demethylase Phf8 during oligodendroglial development. Glia 2024; 72:1435-1450. [PMID: 38613395 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The plant homeodomain finger protein Phf8 is a histone demethylase implicated by mutation in mice and humans in neural crest defects and neurodevelopmental disturbances. Considering its widespread expression in cell types of the central nervous system, we set out to determine the role of Phf8 in oligodendroglial cells to clarify whether oligodendroglial defects are a possible contributing factor to Phf8-dependent neurodevelopmental disorders. Using loss- and gain-of-function approaches in oligodendroglial cell lines and primary cell cultures, we show that Phf8 promotes the proliferation of rodent oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and impairs their differentiation to oligodendrocytes. Intriguingly, Phf8 has a strong positive impact on Olig2 expression by acting on several regulatory regions of the gene and changing their histone modification profile. Taking the influence of Olig2 levels on oligodendroglial proliferation and differentiation into account, Olig2 likely acts as an important downstream effector of Phf8 in these cells. In line with such an effector function, ectopic Olig2 expression in Phf8-deficient cells rescues the proliferation defect. Additionally, generation of human oligodendrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells did not require PHF8 in a system that relies on forced expression of Olig2 during oligodendroglial induction. We conclude that Phf8 may impact nervous system development at least in part through its action in oligodendroglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Kremp
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Aberle
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bettina Bohl
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Hillgärtner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Abteilung für Molekulare Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Emery B, Wood TL. Regulators of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041358. [PMID: 38503504 PMCID: PMC11146316 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Myelination has evolved as a mechanism to ensure fast and efficient propagation of nerve impulses along axons. Within the central nervous system (CNS), myelination is carried out by highly specialized glial cells, oligodendrocytes. The formation of myelin is a prolonged aspect of CNS development that occurs well into adulthood in humans, continuing throughout life in response to injury or as a component of neuroplasticity. The timing of myelination is tightly tied to the generation of oligodendrocytes through the differentiation of their committed progenitors, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which reside throughout the developing and adult CNS. In this article, we summarize our current understanding of some of the signals and pathways that regulate the differentiation of OPCs, and thus the myelination of CNS axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Emery
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Teresa L Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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3
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Li Y, Lim C, Dismuke T, Malawsky DS, Oasa S, Bruce ZC, Offenhäuser C, Baumgartner U, D’Souza RCJ, Edwards SL, French JD, Ock LS, Nair S, Sivakumaran H, Harris L, Tikunov AP, Hwang D, Del Mar Alicea Pauneto C, Maybury M, Hassall T, Wainwright B, Kesari S, Stein G, Piper M, Johns TG, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Terenius L, Vukojević V, Gershon TR, Day BW. Preventing recurrence in Sonic Hedgehog Subgroup Medulloblastoma using the OLIG2 inhibitor CT-179. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2949436. [PMID: 37333134 PMCID: PMC10275055 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2949436/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Recurrence is the primary life-threatening complication for medulloblastoma (MB). In Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-subgroup MB, OLIG2-expressing tumor stem cells drive recurrence. We investigated the anti-tumor potential of the small-molecule OLIG2 inhibitor CT-179, using SHH-MB patient-derived organoids, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors and mice genetically-engineered to develop SHH-MB. CT-179 disrupted OLIG2 dimerization, DNA binding and phosphorylation and altered tumor cell cycle kinetics in vitro and in vivo, increasing differentiation and apoptosis. CT-179 increased survival time in GEMM and PDX models of SHH-MB, and potentiated radiotherapy in both organoid and mouse models, delaying post-radiation recurrence. Single cell transcriptomic studies (scRNA-seq) confirmed that CT-179 increased differentiation and showed that tumors up-regulated Cdk4 post-treatment. Consistent with increased CDK4 mediating CT-179 resistance, CT-179 combined with CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib delayed recurrence compared to either single-agent. These data show that targeting treatment-resistant MB stem cell populations by adding the OLIG2 inhibitor CT-179 to initial MB treatment can reduce recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- These authors contributed equally
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Chaemin Lim
- These authors contributed equally
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Dongiak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Taylor Dismuke
- These authors contributed equally
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Daniel S. Malawsky
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Sho Oasa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zara C. Bruce
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | | | - Ulrich Baumgartner
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rochelle C. J. D’Souza
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Stacey L. Edwards
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Juliet D. French
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Lucy S.H. Ock
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Sneha Nair
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Haran Sivakumaran
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Lachlan Harris
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Andrey P. Tikunov
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30323, USA
| | - Duhyeong Hwang
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Coral Del Mar Alicea Pauneto
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mellissa Maybury
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Timothy Hassall
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Oncology Service, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Children’s Health Queensland Hospital & Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | | | - Santosh Kesari
- Curtana Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Austin, TX 78756, United States
| | | | - Michael Piper
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Marina Sokolsky-Papkov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timothy R. Gershon
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30323, USA
| | - Bryan W. Day
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Lead contact
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4
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Zhang J, Sun JG, Xing X, Wu R, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Yuan F, Wang S, Yuan Z. c-Abl-induced Olig2 phosphorylation regulates the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Glia 2022; 70:1084-1099. [PMID: 35156232 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelinating cells in the central nervous system (CNS), are differentiated from OL progenitor cells (OPCs). The proliferation of existing OPCs is indispensable for myelination during CNS development and remyelination in response to demyelination stimulation. The transcription factor Olig2 is required for the specification of OLs and is expressed in the OL lineage. However, the post-translational modification of Olig2 in the proliferation of OPCs is poorly understood. Herein, we identified that c-Abl directly phosphorylates Olig2 mainly at the Tyr137 site, and that Olig2 phosphorylation is essential for OPC proliferation. The expression levels of c-Abl gradually decreased with brain development; moreover, c-Abl was highly expressed in OPCs. OL-specific c-Abl knockout at the developmental stage led to an insufficient proliferation of OPCs, a decreased expression of myelin-related genes, and myelination retardation. Accordingly, a c-Abl-specific kinase inhibitor suppressed OPC proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, we observed that OL-specific c-Abl knockout reduced OPC proliferation and remyelination in a cuprizone model of demyelination. In addition, we found that nilotinib, a clinically used c-Abl inhibitor, decreased the expression of myelin basic protein (Mbp) and motor coordination in mice, indicating a neurological side effect of a long-term administration of the c-Abl inhibitor. Thus, we identified the important role of c-Abl in OLs during developmental myelination and remyelination in a disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-Guang Sun
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Xing
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wu
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lujun Zhou
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army No.5 Medical Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shukun Wang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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5
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Hines JH. Evolutionary Origins of the Oligodendrocyte Cell Type and Adaptive Myelination. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:757360. [PMID: 34924932 PMCID: PMC8672417 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.757360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are multifunctional central nervous system (CNS) glia that are essential for neural function in gnathostomes. The evolutionary origins and specializations of the oligodendrocyte cell type are among the many remaining mysteries in glial biology and neuroscience. The role of oligodendrocytes as CNS myelinating glia is well established, but recent studies demonstrate that oligodendrocytes also participate in several myelin-independent aspects of CNS development, function, and maintenance. Furthermore, many recent studies have collectively advanced our understanding of myelin plasticity, and it is now clear that experience-dependent adaptations to myelination are an additional form of neural plasticity. These observations beg the questions of when and for which functions the ancestral oligodendrocyte cell type emerged, when primitive oligodendrocytes evolved new functionalities, and the genetic changes responsible for these evolutionary innovations. Here, I review recent findings and propose working models addressing the origins and evolution of the oligodendrocyte cell type and adaptive myelination. The core gene regulatory network (GRN) specifying the oligodendrocyte cell type is also reviewed as a means to probe the existence of oligodendrocytes in basal vertebrates and chordate invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob H. Hines
- Biology Department, Winona State University, Winona, MN, United States
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6
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Chowdhury R, Wang Y, Campbell M, Goderie SK, Doyle F, Tenenbaum SA, Kusek G, Kiehl TR, Ansari SA, Boles NC, Temple S. STAU2 binds a complex RNA cargo that changes temporally with production of diverse intermediate progenitor cells during mouse corticogenesis. Development 2021; 148:271165. [PMID: 34345913 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
STAU2 is a double-stranded RNA-binding protein enriched in the nervous system. During asymmetric divisions in the developing mouse cortex, STAU2 preferentially distributes into the intermediate progenitor cell (IPC), delivering RNA molecules that can impact IPC behavior. Corticogenesis occurs on a precise time schedule, raising the hypothesis that the cargo STAU2 delivers into IPCs changes over time. To test this, we combine RNA-immunoprecipitation with sequencing (RIP-seq) over four stages of mouse cortical development, generating a comprehensive cargo profile for STAU2. A subset of the cargo was 'stable', present at all stages, and involved in chromosome organization, macromolecule localization, translation and DNA repair. Another subset was 'dynamic', changing with cortical stage, and involved in neurogenesis, cell projection organization, neurite outgrowth, and included cortical layer markers. Notably, the dynamic STAU2 cargo included determinants of IPC versus neuronal fates and genes contributing to abnormal corticogenesis. Knockdown of one STAU2 target, Taf13, previously linked to microcephaly and impaired myelination, reduced oligodendrogenesis in vitro. We conclude that STAU2 contributes to the timing of corticogenesis by binding and delivering complex and temporally regulated RNA cargo into IPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Chowdhury
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Melissa Campbell
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Susan K Goderie
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Francis Doyle
- Nanobioscience Constellation, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Scott A Tenenbaum
- Nanobioscience Constellation, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Gretchen Kusek
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Thomas R Kiehl
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Suraiya A Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nathan C Boles
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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7
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Bartosovic M, Kabbe M, Castelo-Branco G. Single-cell CUT&Tag profiles histone modifications and transcription factors in complex tissues. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:825-835. [PMID: 33846645 PMCID: PMC7611252 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to single-cell approaches for measuring gene expression and DNA accessibility, single-cell methods for analyzing histone modifications are limited by low sensitivity and throughput. Here, we combine the CUT&Tag technology, developed to measure bulk histone modifications, with droplet-based single-cell library preparation to produce high-quality single-cell data on chromatin modifications. We apply single-cell CUT&Tag (scCUT&Tag) to tens of thousands of cells of the mouse central nervous system and probe histone modifications characteristic of active promoters, enhancers and gene bodies (H3K4me3, H3K27ac and H3K36me3) and inactive regions (H3K27me3). These scCUT&Tag profiles were sufficient to determine cell identity and deconvolute regulatory principles such as promoter bivalency, spreading of H3K4me3 and promoter-enhancer connectivity. We also used scCUT&Tag to investigate the single-cell chromatin occupancy of transcription factor OLIG2 and the cohesin complex component RAD21. Our results indicate that analysis of histone modifications and transcription factor occupancy at single-cell resolution provides unique insights into epigenomic landscapes in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Bartosovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden,Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Mukund Kabbe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden,Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden,Corresponding authors: ,
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8
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Yang LJ, Cui H. Olig2 knockdown alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborn rats. Histol Histopathol 2021; 36:675-684. [PMID: 34013967 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuronal damage is an important pathological mechanism in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). We found in our previous studies that oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) downregulation was able to increase cell survival in the brain. However, the specific mechanism has yet to be clarified. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 d were randomly divided into three groups: the normal control group, the Olig2-RNAi group, and the RNAi-negative control group. The normal control group received no treatment, the Olig2-RNAi group received the Olig2 RNAi adenovirus, and the RNAi-negative control group was given the control adenovirus after the completion of the HIBD model. Infarct lesions and their volumes were observed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining 3 d after the completion of the adenovirus local injection. The condition of the tissue was characterized by hematoxylin-eosin staining 7 d after the model was established, and cell viability was determined by azure methylene blue staining. Subcellular damage was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Rotarod analysis was performed to detect moving behavior ability and an MWM assay was conducted to evaluate the memory. RESULTS TTC staining showed a smaller brain injury area in the Olig2-RNAi group than in the RNAi-negative control group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated the presence of severe cell injury in the hippocampal region after HIBD, which improved after Olig2 knockdown. Azure methylene blue staining and electron microscopy results suggested that the cells improved after Olig2 knockdown. The rats stayed longer on the rotating rod, and their latency in the water maze test was gradually shortened relative to that of the rats in the Olig2-RNAi negative control group. CONCLUSION Olig2 knockdown can promote the repair of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborn rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - H Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Goldberg DC, Fones L, Vivinetto AL, Caufield JT, Ratan RR, Cave JW. Manipulating Adult Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells with G-Quadruplex Ligands. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1504-1518. [PMID: 32315155 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes are pervasive nucleic acid secondary structures in mammalian genomes and transcriptomes that regulate gene expression and genome duplication. Small molecule ligands that modify the stability of G-quadruplexes are widely studied in cancer, but whether G-quadruplex ligands can also be used to manipulate cell function under normal development and homeostatic conditions is largely unexplored. Here we show that two related G-quadruplex ligands (pyridostatin and carboxypyridostatin) can reduce proliferation of adult neural stem cell and progenitor cells derived from the adult mouse subventricular zone both in vitro and in vivo. Studies with neurosphere cultures show that pyridostatin reduces proliferation by a mechanism associated with DNA damage and cell death. By contrast, selectively targeting RNA G-quadruplex stability with carboxypyridostatin diminishes proliferation through a mechanism that promotes cell cycle exit and the production of oligodendrocyte progenitors. The ability to generate oligodendrocyte progenitors by targeting RNA G-quadruplex stability, however, is dependent on the cellular environment. Together, these findings show that ligands that can selectively stabilize RNA G-quadruplexes are an important, new class of molecular tool for neural stem and progenitor cell engineering, whereas ligands that target DNA G-quadruplexes have limited utility due to their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Goldberg
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, United States
| | - Lilah Fones
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, United States
| | - Ana L. Vivinetto
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, United States
| | - Joseph T. Caufield
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, United States
| | - Rajiv R. Ratan
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, United States
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - John W. Cave
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, United States
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
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10
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Yang F, Guan Y, Feng X, Rolfs A, Schlüter H, Luo J. Proteomics of the corpus callosum to identify novel factors involved in hypomyelinated Niemann-Pick Type C disease mice. Mol Brain 2019; 12:17. [PMID: 30866987 PMCID: PMC6417209 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomyelination in the central nerves system (CNS) is one of the most obviously pathological features in Niemann-Pick Type C disease (NPC), which is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 or 2 (Npc1 or Npc2). Npc1 plays key roles in both neurons and oligodendrocytes during myelination, however, the linkage between the disturbed cholesterol transport and inhibited myelination is unrevealed. In this study, mass spectrometry (MS)-based differential quantitative proteomics was applied to compare protein composition in the corpus callosum between wild type (WT) and NPC mice. In total, 3009 proteins from both samples were identified, including myelin structural proteins, neuronal proteins, and astrocyte-specific proteins. In line to hypomyelination, our data revealed downregulation of myelin structural and indispensable proteins in Npc1 mutant mice. Notably, the reduced ceramide synthase 2 (Cers2), UDP glycosyltransferase 8 (Ugt8), and glycolipid transfer protein (Gltp) indicate the altered sphingolipid metabolism in the disease and the involvement of Gltp in myelination. The identification of most reported myelin structural proteins and proteins from other cell types advocates the use of the corpus callosum to investigate proteins in different cell types that regulate myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University Medical Center Rostock, Gehlsheimer Strasse 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yudong Guan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiao Feng
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University Medical Center Rostock, Gehlsheimer Strasse 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University Medical Center Rostock, Gehlsheimer Strasse 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jiankai Luo
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University Medical Center Rostock, Gehlsheimer Strasse 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
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11
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Lim Y, Cho IT, Shi X, Grinspan JB, Cho G, Golden JA. Arx Expression Suppresses Ventralization of the Developing Dorsal Forebrain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:226. [PMID: 30659230 PMCID: PMC6338776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early brain development requires a tight orchestration between neural tube patterning and growth. How pattern formation and brain growth are coordinated is incompletely understood. Previously we showed that aristaless-related homeobox (ARX), a paired-like transcription factor, regulates cortical progenitor pool expansion by repressing an inhibitor of cell cycle progression. Here we show that ARX participates in establishing dorsoventral identity in the mouse forebrain. In Arx mutant mice, ventral genes, including Olig2, are ectopically expressed dorsally. Furthermore, Gli1 is upregulated, suggesting an ectopic activation of SHH signaling. We show that the ectopic Olig2 expression can be repressed by blocking SHH signaling, implicating a role for SHH signaling in Olig2 induction. We further demonstrate that the ectopic Olig2 accounts for the reduced Pax6 and Tbr2 expression, both dorsal specific genes essential for cortical progenitor cell proliferation. These data suggest a link between the control of dorsoventral identity of progenitor cells and the control of their proliferation. In summary, our data demonstrate that ARX functions in a gene regulatory network integrating normal forebrain patterning and growth, providing important insight into how mutations in ARX can disrupt multiple aspects of brain development and thus generate a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes observed in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngshin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Il-Taeg Cho
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiuyu Shi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Judith B Grinspan
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ginam Cho
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Golden
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Seixas AI, Azevedo MM, Paes de Faria J, Fernandes D, Mendes Pinto I, Relvas JB. Evolvability of the actin cytoskeleton in oligodendrocytes during central nervous system development and aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1-11. [PMID: 30302529 PMCID: PMC11105620 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The organization of actin filaments into a wide range of subcellular structures is a defining feature of cell shape and dynamics, important for tissue development and homeostasis. Nervous system function requires morphological and functional plasticity of neurons and glial cells, which is largely determined by the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to intrinsic and extracellular signals. Oligodendrocytes are specialized glia that extend multiple actin-based protrusions to form the multilayered myelin membrane that spirally wraps around axons, increasing conduction speed and promoting long-term axonal integrity. Myelination is a remarkable biological paradigm in development, and maintenance of myelin is essential for a healthy adult nervous system. In this review, we discuss how structure and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton is a defining feature of myelinating oligodendrocytes' biology and function. We also review "old and new" concepts to reflect on the potential role of the cytoskeleton in balancing life and death of myelin membranes and oligodendrocytes in the aging central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Seixas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Manuela Azevedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paes de Faria
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Fernandes
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, Braga, Portugal
| | - Inês Mendes Pinto
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Bettencourt Relvas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regeneration and Precision Medicine, Porto Campus, Porto, Portugal
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