1
|
Rewicz A, Monzalvo R, Myśliwy M, Tończyk G, Desiderato A, Ruchisansakun S, Rewicz T. Pollination biology of Impatiens capensis Meerb. in non-native range. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302283. [PMID: 38900825 PMCID: PMC11189253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pollination biology in the widespread species Impatiens capensis Meerb. has only been studied in America, specifically in zones of the U.S.A. and Canada. In this study, we investigated the pollination biology of I. capensis using an integrative identification approach using morphological and molecular tools in four populations of Northwest Poland. We also determined and compared the functional characteristics of the pollinators of the introduced species from the study sites and the native ones reported, for the latter collecting information from bibliographic sources. Visitors were identified using standard morphological keys, including identifying and classifying insect mouthparts. Molecular identification was carried out using mitochondrial DNA's cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). We morphologically identified 20 species of visitors constituted by 17 pollinators and three nectar robbers. DNA barcoding of 59 individuals proved the identification of 18 species (also 18 BINs). The frequency of pollinator species was primarily made up of representatives of both Hymenoptera (75%) and Diptera (21%). The morphological traits, such as the chewing and sucking mouthparts, small and big body height, and robber and pollinator behavior explained mainly the native and introduced visitors' arrangements that allow pollination success. However, to understand the process comprehensively, further investigation of other causalities in pollination success and understanding the diversity of pollinators in outer native ranges are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rewicz
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - René Monzalvo
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Biological Research Center., Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Monika Myśliwy
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Tończyk
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrea Desiderato
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Saroj Ruchisansakun
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tomasz Rewicz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kopper C, Schönenberger J, Dellinger AS. High floral disparity without pollinator shifts in buzz-bee-pollinated Melastomataceae. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38634161 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Shifts among functional pollinator groups are commonly regarded as sources of floral morphological diversity (disparity) through the formation of distinct pollination syndromes. While pollination syndromes may be used for predicting pollinators, their predictive accuracy remains debated, and they are rarely used to test whether floral disparity is indeed associated with pollinator shifts. We apply classification models trained and validated on 44 functional floral traits across 252 species with empirical pollinator observations and then use the validated models to predict pollinators for 159 species lacking observations. In addition, we employ multivariate statistics and phylogenetic comparative analyses to test whether pollinator shifts are the main source of floral disparity in Melastomataceae. We find strong support for four well-differentiated pollination syndromes ('buzz-bee', 'nectar-foraging vertebrate', 'food-body-foraging vertebrate', 'generalist'). While pollinator shifts add significantly to floral disparity, we find that the most species-rich 'buzz-bee' pollination syndrome is most disparate, indicating that high floral disparity may evolve without pollinator shifts. Also, relatively species-poor clades and geographic areas contributed substantially to total disparity. Finally, our results show that machine-learning approaches are a powerful tool for evaluating the predictive accuracy of the pollination syndrome concept as well as for predicting pollinators where observations are missing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Kopper
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Jürg Schönenberger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Agnes S Dellinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Klomberg Y, Tropek R, Mertens JEJ, Kobe IN, Hodeček J, Raška J, Fominka NT, Souto-Vilarós D, Janečková P, Janeček Š. Spatiotemporal variation in the role of floral traits in shaping tropical plant-pollinator interactions. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:839-850. [PMID: 35006639 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pollination syndrome hypothesis predicts that plants pollinated by the same pollinator group bear convergent combinations of specific floral functional traits. Nevertheless, some studies have shown that these combinations predict pollinators with relatively low accuracy. This discrepancy may be caused by changes in the importance of specific floral traits for different pollinator groups and under different environmental conditions. To explore this, we studied pollination systems and floral traits along an elevational gradient on Mount Cameroon during wet and dry seasons. Using Random Forest (Machine Learning) models, allowing the ranking of traits by their relative importance, we demonstrated that some floral traits are more important than others for pollinators. However, the distribution and importance of traits vary under different environmental conditions. Our results imply the need to improve our trait-based understanding of plant-pollinator interactions to better inform the debate surrounding the pollination syndrome hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Klomberg
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Tropek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Jan E J Mertens
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ishmeal N Kobe
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Hodeček
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Swiss Human Institute of Forensic Taphonomy, University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan Raška
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nestoral T Fominka
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Petra Janečková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santos‐Gómez SM, Figueroa‐Castro DM, Castañeda‐Posadas C. Are floral traits good predictors of effective pollinators? A test of pollination syndromes. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Maite Santos‐Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abrahamczyk S, Jandová M, Líblová Z, Janssens SB, Dostálek T, Holstein N, Fischer E. Pre- and postzygotic mechanisms preventing hybridization in co-occurring species of the Impatiens purpureoviolacea complex. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17485-17495. [PMID: 34938523 PMCID: PMC8668770 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the species-rich genus Impatiens, few natural hybrids are known, even though closely related species often occur sympatrically. In this study, we aim to bridge the gap between micro- and macro-evolution to disentangle pre- and postzygotic mechanisms that may prevent hybridization in the Impatiens purpureoviolacea complex from Central Africa. We analyzed habitat types, species distribution, pollination syndromes, pollinator dependency, genome sizes, and chromosome numbers of seven out of the ten species of the complex as well as of one natural hybrid and reconstructed the ancestral chromosome numbers of the complex. Several species of the complex occur in sympatry or geographically very close to each other. All of them are characterized by pre- and/or postzygotic mechanisms potentially preventing hybridization. We found four independent polyploidization events within the complex. The only known natural hybrid always appears as single individual and is self-fertile. But the plants resulting from self-pollinated seeds often die shortly after first flowering. These results indicate that the investigated mechanisms in combination may effectively but not absolutely prevent hybridization in Impatiens and probably occur in other genera with sympatric species as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaela Jandová
- Institute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Zuzana Líblová
- Institute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of BotanyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Steven B. Janssens
- Meise Botanic GardenMeiseBelgium
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Botany and MicrobiologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Tomáš Dostálek
- Institute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of BotanyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | | | - Eberhard Fischer
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften – BiologieUniversität Koblenz‐LandauKoblenzGermany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Valverde‐Espinoza JM, Chacón‐Madrigal E, Alvarado‐Rodríguez O, Dellinger AS. The predictive power of pollination syndromes: Passerine pollination in heterantherous Meriania macrophylla (Benth.) Triana (Melastomataceae). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13668-13677. [PMID: 34707808 PMCID: PMC8525179 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cloud forest species Meriania macrophylla (Benth.) Triana has pseudocampanulate flowers with bulbous stamen appendages, typical for the passerine pollination syndrome found in the Melastomataceae tribe Merianieae. The species is further characterized by strong stamen dimorphism (heteranthery), a condition otherwise associated with pollen-rewarding bee-pollinated species (both in Melastomataceae and beyond). In passerine-pollinated Merianieae, however, flowers usually only show weak stamen dimorphism. Here, we conducted field and laboratory investigations to determine the pollinators of M. macrophylla and assess the potential role of strong heteranthery in this species. Our field observations in Costa Rica confirmed syndrome predictions and indeed proved pollination by passerine birds in M. macrophylla. The large bulbous set of stamens functions as a food-body reward to the pollinating birds, and as trigger for pollen release (bellows mechanism) as typical for the passerine syndrome in Merianieae. In contrast to other passerine-pollinated Merianieae, the second set of stamens has seemingly lost its rewarding and pollination function, however. Our results demonstrate the utility of the pollination syndrome concept even in light of potentially misleading traits such as strong heteranthery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Valverde‐Espinoza
- Escuela de BiologíaUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Eduardo Chacón‐Madrigal
- Escuela de BiologíaUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
- Herbario Luis A. Fournier Origgi (USJ)Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología TropicalUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
| | - Olman Alvarado‐Rodríguez
- Escuela de BiologíaUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Estructuras MicroscópicasUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
| | - Agnes S. Dellinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Herrera CM. Unclusterable, underdispersed arrangement of insect-pollinated plants in pollinator niche space. Ecology 2021; 102:e03327. [PMID: 33713352 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pollinators can mediate facilitative or competitive relationships between plant species, but the relative importance of these two conflicting phenomena in shaping community-wide pollinator resource use remains unexplored. This article examines the idea that the arrangement of large samples of plant species in Hutchinsonian pollinator niche space (n-dimensional hypervolume whose axes represent pollinator types) can help to evaluate the comparative importance of facilitation and competition as drivers of pollinator resource use at the community level. Pollinator composition data were gathered for insect-pollinated plants from the Sierra de Cazorla mountains (southeastern Spain), comprising ~95% of widely distributed insect-pollinated species. The following questions were addressed at regional (45 sites, 221 plant species) and local (1 site, 73 plant species) spatial scales: (1) Do plant species clusters occur in pollinator niche space? Four pollinator niche spaces differing in dimensionality were considered, the axes of which were defined by insect orders, families, genera, and species. (2) If all plant species form a single, indivisible cluster, are they overdispersed or underdispersed within the cluster relative to a random arrangement? "Clusterability" tests failed to reject the null hypothesis that there was only one pollinator-defined plant species cluster in pollinator niche space, irrespective of spatial scale, pollinator niche space, or pollinator importance measurement (proportions of pollinator individuals or flowers visited by each pollinator type). Observed means of interspecific dissimilarity in pollinator composition were smaller than randomly simulated values in the order-, family-, and genus-defined pollinator niche spaces. This finding revealed an underdispersed arrangement of plant species in each of these pollinator niche spaces. In the undisturbed montane habitats studied, arrangement of insect-pollinated plant species in the various niche spaces defined by pollinator composition did not support a major role for interspecific competition as a force shaping community-wide pollinator resource use by plants, but rather suggested a situation closer to the facilitation-dominated extreme in a hypothetical competition-facilitation gradient. Results also highlight the importance of investigations on complete or nearly complete insect-pollinated plant communities for suggesting and testing novel hypotheses on the ecology and evolution of plant-pollinator systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Herrera
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Americo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ruchisansakun S, Mertens A, Janssens SB, Smets EF, van der Niet T. Evolution of pollination syndromes and corolla symmetry in Balsaminaceae reconstructed using phylogenetic comparative analyses. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:267-280. [PMID: 33091107 PMCID: PMC7789113 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Floral diversity as a result of plant-pollinator interactions can evolve by two distinct processes: shifts between pollination systems or divergent use of the same pollinator. Although both are pollinator driven, the mode, relative importance and interdependence of these different processes are rarely studied simultaneously. Here we apply a phylogenetic approach using the Balsaminaceae (including the species-rich genus Impatiens) to simultaneously quantify shifts in pollination syndromes (as inferred from the shape and colour of the perianth), as well as divergent use of the same pollinator (inferred from corolla symmetry). METHODS For 282 species we coded pollination syndromes based on associations between floral traits and known pollination systems, and assessed corolla symmetry. The evolution of these traits was reconstructed using parsimony- and model-based approaches, using phylogenetic trees derived from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal and plastid DNA sequence data. KEY RESULTS A total of 71 % of studied species have a bee pollination syndrome, 22 % a bimodal syndrome (Lepidoptera and bees), 3 % a bird pollination syndrome and 5 % a syndrome of autogamy, while 19 % of species have an asymmetrical corolla. Although floral symmetry and pollination syndromes are both evolutionarily labile, the latter shifts more frequently. Shifts in floral symmetry occurred mainly in the direction towards asymmetry, but there was considerable uncertainty in the pattern of shift direction for pollination syndrome. Shifts towards asymmetrical flowers were associated with a bee pollination syndrome. CONCLUSION Floral evolution in Impatiens has occurred through both pollination syndrome shifts and divergent use of the same pollinator. Although the former appears more frequent, the latter is likely to be underestimated. Shifts in floral symmetry and pollination syndromes depend on each other but also partly on the region in which these shifts take place, suggesting that the occurrence of pollinator-driven evolution may be determined by the availability of pollinator species at large geographical scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Ruchisansakun
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg, BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arne Mertens
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan, Meise, Belgium
- Department of Biosystems, Lab of Tropical Crop Improvement, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Steven B Janssens
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan, Meise, Belgium
- Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Erik F Smets
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg, BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Timotheüs van der Niet
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rewicz A, Myśliwy M, Adamowski W, Podlasiński M, Bomanowska A. Seed morphology and sculpture of invasive Impatiens capensis Meerb. from different habitats. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10156. [PMID: 33240597 PMCID: PMC7680054 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impatiens capensis is an annual plant native to eastern North America that is currently spreading across Europe. In Poland, due to this plant's rapid spread in the secondary range and high competitiveness in relation to native species, it is considered a locally invasive species. The microstructure of seeds is an important tool for solving various taxonomic problems and also provides data useful for determining the impact of various environmental factors on the phenotypic variability of species. This issue is particularly important in regard to invasive species which occupy a wide range of habitats in the invaded range. There are few reports on seed size and thus far no descriptions of the seed ultrastructure of I. capensis in the analyzed literature. We present new data on the seed morphology of I. capensis growing in different habitats and conditions in the secondary range of the species. The studied populations differed significantly in each of the investigated traits (seed length, width, circumference, area, roundness, and mass). Our findings showed that anthropogenic disturbances in habitats and some soil parameters (presence of carbonates, potassium, loose sand, and moisture) were statistically significant with various seed sizes and morphology in the studied populations of I. capensis. Moreover, our studies showed maximum seed length (5.74 mm) and width (3.21 mm) exceeding those values given in the available literature. For the first time, we also provide a detailed SEM study of the ultrastructure of the seed coat of I. capensis. There are two types of epidermal cells on the seeds: (a) between the ribs (elongated with straight anticlinal walls, slightly concave outer periclinal walls, and micropapillate secondary sculpture on the edges with anticyclic walls), and (b) on the ribs (isodiametric cells with straight anticlinal walls and concave outer periclinal walls). Unlike the variability of size and weight of seeds, the coat ornamentation has turned out to be a steady feature within the studied secondary range of I. capensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rewicz
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Myśliwy
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Adamowski
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Marek Podlasiński
- Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Bomanowska
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dellinger AS. Pollination syndromes in the 21 st century: where do we stand and where may we go? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1193-1213. [PMID: 33460152 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollination syndromes, recurring suites of floral traits appearing in connection with specific functional pollinator groups, have served for decades to organise floral diversity under a functional-ecological perspective. Some potential caveats, such as over-simplification of complex plant-animal interactions or lack of empirical observations, have been identified and discussed in recent years. Which of these caveats do indeed cause problems, which have been solved and where do future possibilities lie? I address these questions in a review of the pollination-syndrome literature of 2010 to 2019. I show that the majority of studies was based on detailed empirical pollinator observations and could reliably predict pollinators based on a few floral traits such as colour, shape or reward. Some traits (i.e. colour) were less reliable in predicting pollinators than others (i.e. reward, corolla width), however. I stress that future studies should consider floral traits beyond those traditionally recorded to expand our understanding of mechanisms of floral evolution. I discuss statistical methods suitable for objectively analysing the interplay of system-specific evolutionary constraints, pollinator-mediated selection and adaptive trade-offs at microecological and macroecological scales. I exemplify my arguments on an empirical dataset of floral traits of a neotropical plant radiation in the family Melastomataceae.
Collapse
|
11
|
Vandelook F, Janssens SB, Gijbels P, Fischer E, Van den Ende W, Honnay O, Abrahamczyk S. Nectar traits differ between pollination syndromes in Balsaminaceae. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:269-279. [PMID: 31120478 PMCID: PMC6758581 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The attractiveness of nectar rewards depends both on the quantity of nectar produced and on its chemical composition. It is known that nectar quantity and chemical composition can differ in plant species depending on the main pollinator associated with the species. The main aims of this study were to test formally whether nectar traits are adapted to pollination syndromes in the speciose Balsaminaceae and, if so, whether a combination of nectar traits mirrors pollination syndromes. METHODS Comparative methods based on Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models were used to test whether nectar volume, nectar sucrose proportion, sugar and amino acid concentration and amino acid composition had evolved as a function of pollination syndromes in 57 species of Balsaminaceae. Cluster analysis and ordination were performed to derive clusters of species resembling each other in nectar composition. KEY RESULTS Evolutionary models for nectar volume and nectar sucrose proportion performed best when including information on pollination syndrome, while including such information improve model fit neither for sugar and amino acid concentration nor for amino acid composition. A significant relationship emerged between pollination syndrome and the combined nectar traits. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that nectar volume and nectar sucrose proportion evolve rapidly towards optimal values associated with different pollination syndromes. The detection of a signal indicating that nectar traits in combination are to a certain extent able to predict pollination syndromes in Balsaminaceae suggests that a holistic approach including the whole set of nectar traits helps us to better understand evolution of nectar composition in response to pollinators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - S B Janssens
- Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
- Laboratory for Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Gijbels
- Laboratory for Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Fischer
- Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften – Biologie, Universität Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
| | - W Van den Ende
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - O Honnay
- Laboratory for Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Abrahamczyk
- Nees-Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lozada-Gobilard S, Weigend M, Fischer E, Janssens SB, Ackermann M, Abrahamczyk S. Breeding systems in Balsaminaceae in relation to pollen/ovule ratio, pollination syndromes, life history and climate zone. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:157-166. [PMID: 30134002 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pollen/ovule (P/O) ratios are often used as proxy for breeding systems. Here, we investigate the relations between breeding systems and P/O ratios, pollination syndromes, life history and climate zone in Balsaminaceae. We conducted controlled breeding system experiments (autonomous and active self-pollination and outcrossing tests) for 65 Balsaminaceae species, analysed pollen grain and ovule numbers and evaluated the results in combination with data on pollination syndrome, life history and climate zone on a phylogenetic basis. Based on fruit set, we assigned three breeding systems: autogamy, self-compatibility and self-incompatibility. Self-pollination led to lower fruit set than outcrossing. We neither found significant P/O differences between breeding systems nor between pollination syndromes. However, the numbers of pollen grains and ovules per flower were significantly lower in autogamous species, but pollen grain and ovule numbers did not differ between most pollination syndromes. Finally, we found no relation between breeding system and climate zone, but a relation between climate zone and life history. In Balsaminaceae reproductive traits can change under resource or pollinator limitation, leading to the evolution of autogamy, but are evolutionary rather constant and not under strong selection pressure by pollinator guild and geographic range changes. Colonisation of temperate regions, however, is correlated with transitions towards annual life history. Pollen/ovule-ratios, commonly accepted as good indicators of breeding system, have a low predictive value in Balsaminaceae. In the absence of experimental data on breeding system, additional floral traits (overall pollen grain and ovule number, traits of floral morphology) may be used as proxies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lozada-Gobilard
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Weigend
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Fischer
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences - Biology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
| | | | - M Ackermann
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences - Biology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
| | - S Abrahamczyk
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|