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Sun ZG, Yao CJ, Ullah I, Zhu HL. Recent Advances in Natural Products with Anti-Leukemia and Anti- Lymphoma Activities. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:664-671. [PMID: 37855279 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575258798230927061557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia and lymphoma are the most common blood cancers, which pose a critical threat to the health of adults and children. The total incidence and mortality rates of both are approximately 6% globally. Compared with the expensive cost of CAR T cell therapy, natural products from animals, plants and microorganisms have the characteristics of wide-range sources and costeffectiveness in the treatment of cancer. Moreover, the drug resistance that emerged in leukemia and lymphoma treatments shows an urgent need for new drugs. However, in addition to the natural products that have been marketed in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma, there have been a large number of studies on natural products that fight blood cancer in recent years. This review summarized the recent studies on natural compounds with anti-lymphoma and anti-leukemia activities, hoping to provide novel weapons into the drug development arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Sun
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, No.17 Jiankang Road, Linyi, 276400, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Yao
- Yishui Juncheng Sika Deer Wildlife Research Institute, Longshan Guanzhuang Village, Mount Huangshan Pu Town, Linyi, 276400, China
| | - Inam Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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2
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Tian Y, Lei Y, Wang Y, Lai J, Wang J, Xia F. Mechanism of multidrug resistance to chemotherapy mediated by P‑glycoprotein (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:119. [PMID: 37654171 PMCID: PMC10546381 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) seriously limits the clinical application of chemotherapy. A mechanism underlying MDR is the overexpression of efflux transporters associated with chemotherapeutic drugs. P‑glycoprotein (P‑gp) is an ATP‑binding cassette (ABC) transporter, which promotes MDR by pumping out chemotherapeutic drugs and reducing their intracellular concentration. To date, overexpression of P‑gp has been detected in various types of chemoresistant cancer and inhibiting P‑gp‑related MDR has been suggested. The present review summarizes the mechanisms underlying MDR mediated by P‑gp in different tumors and evaluated the related signaling pathways, with the aim of improving understanding of the current status of P‑gp‑mediated chemotherapeutic resistance. This review focuses on the main mechanisms of inhibiting P‑gp‑mediated MDR, with the aim of providing a reference for the study of reversing P‑gp‑mediated MDR. The first mechanism involves decreasing the efflux activity of P‑gp by altering its conformation or hindering P‑gp‑chemotherapeutic drug binding. The second inhibitory mechanism involves inhibiting P‑gp expression to reduce efflux. The third inhibitory mechanism involves knocking out the ABCB1 gene. Potential strategies that can inhibit P‑gp include certain natural products, synthetic compounds and biological techniques. It is important to screen lead compounds or candidate techniques for P‑gp inhibition, and to identify inhibitors by targeting the relevant signaling pathways to overcome P‑gp‑mediated MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Yongrong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Yani Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Jiejuan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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Hu Y, Yang L, Lai Y. Recent findings regarding the synergistic effects of emodin and its analogs with other bioactive compounds: Insights into new mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114585. [PMID: 36989724 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Emodin is a natural bioactive ingredient mainly extracted from traditional Chinese herbs. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that emodin and its analogs exert notable synergistic pharmacological effects with other bioactive compounds. OBJECTIVE This review provides an overview of the pharmacological activity of emodin and its analogs in combination with other physiologically active substances, describes the related molecular mechanisms, and discusses future prospects in this field. METHODS Information from multiple scientific databases, such as PubMed, the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar, was collected between January 2006 and August 2022. The subject terms used in the literature search were emodin, pharmaceutical activities, analogs, aloe emodin, rhein, and synergistic effects. RESULTS The comprehensive literature analysis suggested that combinations of emodin or its analogs with other bioactive compounds exert notable synergistic anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects and that such combinations improve glucose and lipid metabolism and central nervous system diseases. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Further assessments of the dose-effect relationship and the differences in the efficacy of emodin or its analogs with other bioactive compounds among various modes of administration are needed, and a drug safety evaluation of these combinations needs to be carefully performed. Future studies should also focus on determining the optimal drug combinations for specific diseases.
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Taheriazam A, Bayanzadeh SD, Heydari Farahani M, Mojtabavi S, Zandieh MA, Gholami S, Heydargoy MH, Jamali Hondori M, Kangarloo Z, Behroozaghdam M, Khorrami R, Sheikh Beig Goharrizi MA, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Entezari M, Hashemi M. Non-coding RNA-based therapeutics in cancer therapy: An emphasis on Wnt/β-catenin control. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 951:175781. [PMID: 37179043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNA transcripts are RNA molecules that have mainly regulatory functions and they do not encode proteins. microRNAs (miRNAs), lncRNAs and circRNAs are major types of this family and these epigenetic factors participate in disease pathogenesis, especially cancer that their abnormal expression may lead to cancer progression. miRNAs and lncRNAs possess a linear structure, whereas circRNAs possess ring structures and high stability. Wnt/β-catenin is an important factor in cancer with oncogenic function and it can increase growth, invasion and therapy resistance in tumors. Wnt upregulation occurs upon transfer of β-catenin to nucleus. Interaction of ncRNAs with Wnt/β-catenin signaling can determine tumorigenesis. Wnt upregulation is observed in cancers and miRNAs are able to bind to 3'-UTR of Wnt to reduce its level. LncRNAs can directly/indirectly regulate Wnt and in indirect manner, lncRNAs sponge miRNAs. CircRNAs are new emerging regulators of Wnt and by its stimulation, they increase tumor progression. CircRNA/miRNA axis can affect Wnt and carcinogenesis. Overall, interaction of ncRNAs with Wnt can determine proliferation rate, migration ability and therapy response of cancers. Furthermore, ncRNA/Wnt/β-catenin axis can be utilized as biomarker in cancer and for prognostic applications in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Melika Heydari Farahani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Kord Branch, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran
| | - Sarah Mojtabavi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Gholami
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Heydargoy
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e Ghods Branch, Azad Islamic University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jamali Hondori
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Kangarloo
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Behroozaghdam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Reversal of multidrug resistance by Fissistigma latifolium–derived chalconoid 2-hydroxy-4,5,6-trimethoxydihydrochalcone in cancer cell lines overexpressing human P-glycoprotein. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Tikhomirov AS, Tsvetkov VB, Volodina YL, Litvinova VA, Andreeva DV, Dezhenkova LG, Kaluzhny DN, Treshalin ID, Shtil AA, Shchekotikhin AE. Heterocyclic ring expansion yields anthraquinone derivatives potent against multidrug resistant tumor cells. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105925. [PMID: 35728293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modifications of anthraquiones are aimed at novel derivatives with improved antitumor properties. Emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) due to overexpression of transmembrane ATP binding cassette transporters, in particular, MDR1/P-glycoprotein (Pgp), can limit the use of anthraquinone based drugs. Previously we have demonstrated that annelation of modified five-membered heterocyclic rings with the anthraquinone core yielded a series of compounds with optimized antitumor properties. In the present study we synthesized a series of anthraquinone derivatives with six-membered heterocycles. Selected new compounds showed the ability to kill parental and MDR tumor cell lines at low micromolar concentrations. Molecular docking into the human Pgp model revealed a stronger interaction of 2-methylnaphtho[2,3-g]quinoline-3-carboxamide 17 compared to naphtho[2,3-f]indole-3-carboxamide 3. The time course of intracellular accumulation of compound 17 in parental K562 leukemia cells and in Pgp-positive K562/4 subline was similar. In contrast, compound 3 was readily effluxed from K562/4 cells and was significantly less potent for this subline than for K562 cells. Together with reported strategies of drug optimization of the anthracycline core, these results add ring expansion to the list of perspective modifications of heteroarene-fused anthraquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir B Tsvetkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, 119146 Moscow, Russia; A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Avenue, 117912 Moscow, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a M. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Yulia L Volodina
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia; Blokhin Cancer Center, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Valeria A Litvinova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Daria V Andreeva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Lyubov G Dezhenkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Kaluzhny
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov Street, 11991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan D Treshalin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Alexander A Shtil
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia; Blokhin Cancer Center, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
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7
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Teng YN, Kao MC, Huang SY, Wu TS, Lee TE, Kuo CY, Hung CC. Novel application of rhein and its prodrug diacerein for reversing cancer-related multidrug resistance through the dual inhibition of P-glycoprotein efflux and STAT3-mediated P-glycoprotein expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112995. [PMID: 35658243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a multifactorial issue in cancer treatment. Drug efflux transporters, particularly P-glycoprotein (P-gp), are major contributors to such resistance. In the present study, we evaluated the P-gp-inhibiting and MDR-reversing effects of two compounds, namely rhein, an anthraquinone, and diacerein, the acetylated prodrug of rhein. ABCB1/Flp-In-293 was used as a model for investigating the related molecular mechanisms, and the multi-drug-resistant cancer cell line KB/VIN was used as a platform for evaluating the reversal of MDR0. The results indicated that at a concentration of 2.5 μM, both diacerein and rhein significantly inhibited P-gp efflux function. They also downregulated P-gp expression by interacting with the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Further investigation of the inhibitory mechanism of these compounds revealed that both stimulated P-gp ATPase activity dose dependently and engaged in the noncompetitive inhibition of rhodamine 123 efflux. Furthermore, rhein was revealed to be a potent reverser of MDR in cancer, and the combination of 30 μM rhein and 1000 nM vincristine exerted a strong synergistic effect, achieving a high combination index (CI) of 0.092. Diacerein demonstrated potential applications as a selective cytotoxic agent against multi-drug-resistant cancer cells at a concentration of > 18.92 μM and as a mild MDR reverser at doses of < 10 μM. In conclusion, diacerein and rhein are potential candidates for P-gp inhibition and MDR reversal in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ning Teng
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, 8 Yida Road, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chang Kao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Ya Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 100, Section 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406040, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan.
| | - Tsui-Er Lee
- Office of Physical Education, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Chuan Hung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 100, Section 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406040, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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8
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The Health Benefits of Emodin, a Natural Anthraquinone Derived from Rhubarb-A Summary Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179522. [PMID: 34502424 PMCID: PMC8431459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin (6-methyl-1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone) is a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative found in roots and leaves of various plants, fungi and lichens. For a long time it has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as an active ingredient in herbs. Among other sources, it is isolated from the rhubarb Rheum palmatum or tuber fleece-flower Polygonam multiflorum. Emodin has a wide range of biological activities, including diuretic, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antinociceptive. According to the most recent studies, emodin acts as an antimalarial and antiallergic agent, and can also reverse resistance to chemotherapy. In the present work the potential therapeutic role of emodin in treatment of inflammatory diseases, cancers and microbial infections is analysed.
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Liu W, Gu R, Lou Y, He C, Zhang Q, Li D. Emodin-induced autophagic cell death hinders epithelial-mesenchymal transition via regulation of BMP-7/TGF-β1 in renal fibrosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:216-225. [PMID: 34116735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to explore the effects of emodin and its mechanisms on renal fibrosis (RF). We firstly modeled adriamycin-induced rat RF with unilateral nephrectomy. In vivo and in vitro pharmacological experiments were performed in this study. The presence of collagen deposition was detected by Masson staining. To verify whether emodin attenuates RF by monitoring autophagy, the immunohistochemistry staining for autophagy protein LC3B was performed. We conducted western blot to detect the expression of the autophagy-related proteins in EMT in vitro model after treating with emotin and BMP-7. In vivo, we demonstrated that emodin could improve renal dysfunction and decrease pathological damage of the kidney by activation of autophagy and inhibition of EMT. Upregulation of BMP-7 was recorded in the RF rats subjected to emodin treatment. In vitro studies, emodin has the capacity of reversing EMT and activating autophagy, and emodin could regulate the expression of BMP-7. The results revealed that the attenuation of EMT by emodin could be blocked after the inhibition of BMP-7 and suppression of autophagy. Our findings demonstrated that emodin alleviates EMT during RF by actuating autophagy through BMP-7, suggesting a role of BMP-7 in RF treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Renze Gu
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Yujiao Lou
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Chunfeng He
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.
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Xu SY, Su H, Zhu XY, Li XY, Li J, Chen X, Wang Q, Hao RY, Yan XY. Long-circulating Doxorubicin and Schizandrin A Liposome with Drug-resistant Liver Cancer Activity: Preparation, Characterization, and Pharmacokinetic. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:107-118. [PMID: 33555226 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2021.1884093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity of chemotherapeutic agents for liver cancer is poor. When they kill tumor cells, they produce serious adverse reactions in the whole body and multidrug resistance (MDR) is also a major hurdle in liver cancer chemotherapy. Combination therapy is a useful method for overcoming MDR and reducing toxic and side effects. In this study, we developed a long-circulating codelivery system, in which Doxorubicin (DOX) and Schizandrin A (SchA) are combined against MCF-7/ADR cells. The DOX-SchA long-circulating liposome (DOX-SchA-Lip) were prepared using ammonium sulfate gradient method. The two drugs were co-encapsulated into the Distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine -polyethylene glycol(DSPE-mPEG2000) liposome and the liposome had an average particle size of (100 ± 3.5) nm and zeta electrical potential of (-31.3 ± 0.5) mV. The average encapsulation rate of DOX was 97.98% and that of SchA was 86.94%. DOX in liposome had good sustained-release effect. The results showed that DOX-SchA-Lip could significantly prolong the half-life (T1/2Z) of the DOX and SchA, increase their circulation time in vivo, improve its bioavailability and reduce their side effects. Liposome can effectively induce early apoptosis of HepG2/ADR cells and the cell cycle was blocked in S-phase by DOX-SchA-Lip in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 of compound liposome to HepG2 and HepG2/ADR were 0.55 μmol/L and 1.38 μmol/L respectively, which could significantly reverse the resistance of HepG2/ADR and the reversion multiple was 30.28. It was verified that DOX-SchA-Lip can effectively kill tumor cells and reverse MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yi Xu
- Experimental Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Su
- College of Pharmaceutical, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- Experimental Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue-Ying Li
- College of Pharmaceutical, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Pharmaceutical, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ruo-Yi Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue-Ying Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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11
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Wang XY, Sun GB, Wang YJ, Yan F. Emodin Inhibits Resistance to Imatinib by Downregulation of Bcr-Abl and STAT5 and Allosteric Inhibition in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1526-1533. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Ya-Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University
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12
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Cao Y, Shi Y, Cai Y, Hong Z, Chai Y. The Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on P-Glycoprotein–Mediated Multidrug Resistance and Approaches for Studying the Herb–P-Glycoprotein Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:972-979. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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13
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A novel approach of targeting refractory epilepsy: Need of an hour. Brain Res Bull 2020; 163:14-20. [PMID: 32679059 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The refractory epilepsy adds to the global burden of epilepsy as about 25 % of all patients with epilepsy present drug-resistant epilepsy. The P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a vital role in the mechanism of resistance in epilepsy. The AED levels in the brain are regulated by the P-gp transport. The upregulation of P-gp results in low concentration of AEDs inside the brain parenchyma and thus leads to resistance. There are three main conditions which lead to decrease transport of AEDs in refractory epilepsy. First being AEDs as substrate of P-gp; secondly, the elevated expression of P-gp in patients with drug resistant epilepsy as compared to drug-responsive patients; thirdly, the low brain AED concentration in refractory epilepsy in comparison to drug-responsive epilepsy. Therefore, determination of P-gp substrate should be a criterion for the selection of new AED for management of refractory epilepsy. This review highlights various tools which help in identification of P-gp substrates and also illustrates a concept of using various novel non-P-gp substrates which can cross the blood brain barrier and leads to enhanced accumulation inside the brain. Hence, these non P-gp substrates can be used as an add on treatment for the management of resistant epilepsy.
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Friedman M, Xu A, Lee R, N. Nguyen D, A. Phan T, M. Hamada S, Panchel R, C. Tam C, H. Kim J, W. Cheng L, M. Land K. The Inhibitory Activity of Anthraquinones against Pathogenic Protozoa, Bacteria, and Fungi and the Relationship to Structure. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133101. [PMID: 32646028 PMCID: PMC7411742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived anthraquinones were evaluated in cell assays for their inhibitory activities against the parasitic protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis human strain G3 that causes the sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis in women, Tritrichomonas foetus bovine strain D1 that causes sexually transmitted diseases in farm animals (bulls, cows, and pigs), Tritrichomonas foetus-like strain C1 that causes diarrhea in domestic animals (cats and dogs), and bacteria and fungi. The anthraquinones assessed for their inhibitory activity were anthraquinone, aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethylanthraquinone), anthrarufin (1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone), chrysazin (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone), emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), purpurin (1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone), and rhein (1,8-dihydroxy-3-carboxyanthraquinone). Their activities were determined in terms of IC50 values, defined as the concentration that inhibits 50% of the cells under the test conditions and calculated from linear dose response plots for the parasitic protozoa, and zone of inhibition for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The results show that the different substituents on the anthraquinone ring seem to influence the relative potency. Analysis of the structure–activity relationships in protozoa indicates that the aloe-emodin and chrysazin with the highest biological activities merit further study for their potential to help treat the diseases in women and domestic and farm animals. Emodin also exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The suggested mechanism of action and the additional reported beneficial biological properties of anthraquinones suggest that they have the potential to ameliorate a broad spectrum of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-510-559-5615
| | - Alexander Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Rani Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Daniel N. Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Tina A. Phan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Sabrina M. Hamada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Rima Panchel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Christina C. Tam
- Foodborne Toxins Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (C.C.T.); (J.H.K.); (L.W.C.)
| | - Jong H. Kim
- Foodborne Toxins Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (C.C.T.); (J.H.K.); (L.W.C.)
| | - Luisa W. Cheng
- Foodborne Toxins Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (C.C.T.); (J.H.K.); (L.W.C.)
| | - Kirkwood M. Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
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Ahn JH, Kim J, Rehman NU, Kim HJ, Ahn MJ, Chung HJ. Effect of Rumex Acetosa Extract, a Herbal Drug, on the Absorption of Fexofenadine. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060547. [PMID: 32545588 PMCID: PMC7355497 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal drugs are widely used for the auxiliary treatment of diseases. The pharmacokinetics of a drug may be altered when it is coadministered with herbal drugs that can affect drug absorption. The effects of herbal drugs on absorption must be evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effects of Rumex acetosa (R. acetosa) extract on fexofenadine absorption. Fexofenadine was selected as a model drug that is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2). Emodine—the major component of R. acetosa extract—showed P-gp inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Uptake of fexofenadine via OATP1A2 was inhibited by R. acetosa extract in OATP1A2 transfected cells. A pharmacokinetic study showed that the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) of fexofenadine was smaller in the R. acetosa extract coadministered group than in the control group. R. acetosa extract also decreased aqueous solubility of fexofenadine HCl. The results of this study suggest that R. acetosa extract could inhibit the absorption of certain drugs via intervention in the aqueous solubility and the drug transporters. Therefore, R. acetosa extract may cause drug interactions when coadministered with substrates of drug transporters and poorly water-soluble drugs, although further clinical studies are needed.
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Li T, Si W, Zhu J, Yin L, Zhong C. Emodin reverses 5-Fu resistance in human colorectal cancer via downregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1851-1861. [PMID: 32509181 PMCID: PMC7269979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fu resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of malignant tumors. Therefore, combination therapy is employed to overcome this limitation. Since it was demonstrated that emodin could resensitize breast cancer to 5-Fu treatment, we aimed to investigate if emodin could reverse 5-Fu resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) in the current study. METHODS For the aim to explore the effect of emodin on 5-Fu resistant CRC, 5-Fu-resistant cell line (SW480/5-Fu) was established. CCK-8 assay and Ki67 staining were performed to evaluate the effects of emodin in combination with 5-Fu on cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of SW480/5-Fu cells. Additionally, the invasion and migration of SW480/5-Fu cells were tested by transwell assay and wound healing, respectively. Western-blot was performed to examine the protein expressions in SW480/5-Fu cells. Moreover, xenograft mice model was established to test the anti-tumor effect of emodin in combination with 5-Fu in vivo. RESULTS Emodin notably increased the anti-proliferation effect of 5-Fu in SW480/5-Fu cells. Similarly, the invasion and migration of SW480/5-Fu cells were further inhibited in the presence of emodin. In addition, the combination treatment (emodin plus 5-Fu) induced cell apoptosis via inhibiting Bcl-2 and activating cleaved caspase3 and Bax. Moreover, emodin reduced 5-Fu resistant in CRC via downregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Finally, in vivo study indicated that emodin could notably reverse 5-Fu resistance in CRC xenograft. CONCLUSION Our research revealed that emodin could reverse 5-Fu resistance in CRC through inactivating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this finding might provide a molecular basis for treating 5-Fu resistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Suqian 223600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjun Si
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Suqian 223600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiameng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Suqian 223600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Suqian 223600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chongyang Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Suqian 223600, Jiangsu, China
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Molecular Mechanism of Matrine from Sophora alopecuroides in the Reversing Effect of Multi-Anticancer Drug Resistance in K562/ADR Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1269532. [PMID: 31871929 PMCID: PMC6906886 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1269532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is the main obstacle to current chemotherapies. In this study, we evaluated the reversing effect of matrine, the principal alkaloid derived from Sophora alopecuroides, on chemoresistant leukemia K562/ADR cells. Matrine in a range of the nontoxic concentration was employed in the whole study. IC50s of cancer medicines were tested using WST-8 assay. Drug export and apoptotic rates were examined using flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expressions were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Our data indicated that matrine had potent reversal properties augmenting cytotoxicity of cancer medicines on K562/ADR cells as well as apoptotic rates induced by doxorubicin. Moreover, matrine inhibited drug-exporting activity and expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) on both mRNA and protein levels. That might result from inhibited NF-kappa B activation, which also led to restored intrinsic apoptosis. These findings suggest that matrine in the nontoxic concentration can suppress ABCB1 drug transport and facilitate the intrinsic apoptosis pathway through the inhibiting effect on NF-kappa B and has the potential to become an efficient sensitizer for anticancer drug resistance.
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18
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Mollazadeh S, Sahebkar A, Kalalinia F, Behravan J, Hadizadeh F. Synthesis, in silico and in vitro studies of new 1,4-dihydropiridine derivatives for antitumor and P-glycoprotein inhibitory activity. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Zhang H, Han D, Lv T, Liu K, Yang Y, Xu X, Chen Y. Novel peptide myristoly-CM4 induces selective cytotoxicity in leukemia K562/MDR and Jurkat cells by necrosis and/or apoptosis pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2153-2167. [PMID: 31308628 PMCID: PMC6612960 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s207224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: There is an urgent need for the development of novel, effective, and less toxic drugs to treat leukemia. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have received much more attention as alternative chemotherapeutic agents. This study aimed to examined the cytotoxicity of a novel AMP myristoly-CM4 against chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K562/MDR) and acute lymphocytic leukemia cells (Jurkat), and further investigated its selectivity to clarify the cytotoxic mechanism. Materials and methods: In this study, the cytotoxicity and selectivity of myristoly-CM4 against K562/MDR and Jurkat cells were assessed in vitro, and the anticancer mechanism responsible for its cytotoxicity and selectivity was further investigated. Results: Myristoly-CM4 was cytotoxic to these leukemia cell lines (IC50 2–4 μM) and was less cytotoxic to normal cells (HEK-293, L02 cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and erythrocytes). Myristoyl-CM4 had stronger affinity to K562/MDR and Jurkat cells than to normal cells, while the contents of phosphatidylserine and sialic acids on the cell surfaces of K562/MDR and Jurkat cells were significantly higher than that of HEK293 cells. The myristoyl group effectively mediated the internalization of myristoyl-CM4 to leukemia cells. After internalization, myristoyl-CM4 could target mitochondria and affected mitochondrial function, including disruption of Δψm, increasing the accumulation of ROS, increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activating caspase 9 and 3, and PARP to induce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in both K562/MDR and Jurkat cells. Myristoyl-CM4 also induced K562/MDR cell necrosis by directive membrane disruption, and significantly decreased the level of P-glycoprotein in K562/MDR cells. Conclusion: These results suggested that myristoyl-CM4 showed selective cytotoxicity to leukemia K562/MDR and Jurkat cells by apoptosis and/or necrosis pathway. Myristoyl-CM4, thus, appears to be a promising candidate for leukemia treatment, including multidrug-resistant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongju Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Lv
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kehang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqing Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Peterson B, Weyers M, Steenekamp JH, Steyn JD, Gouws C, Hamman JH. Drug Bioavailability Enhancing Agents of Natural Origin (Bioenhancers) that Modulate Drug Membrane Permeation and Pre-Systemic Metabolism. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11010033. [PMID: 30654429 PMCID: PMC6359194 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many new chemical entities are discovered with high therapeutic potential, however, many of these compounds exhibit unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties due to poor solubility and/or poor membrane permeation characteristics. The latter is mainly due to the lipid-like barrier imposed by epithelial mucosal layers, which have to be crossed by drug molecules in order to exert a therapeutic effect. Another barrier is the pre-systemic metabolic degradation of drug molecules, mainly by cytochrome P450 enzymes located in the intestinal enterocytes and liver hepatocytes. Although the nasal, buccal and pulmonary routes of administration avoid the first-pass effect, they are still dependent on absorption of drug molecules across the mucosal surfaces to achieve systemic drug delivery. Bioenhancers (drug absorption enhancers of natural origin) have been identified that can increase the quantity of unchanged drug that appears in the systemic blood circulation by means of modulating membrane permeation and/or pre-systemic metabolism. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of natural bioenhancers and their main mechanisms of action for the nasal, buccal, pulmonary and oral routes of drug administration. Poorly bioavailable drugs such as large, hydrophilic therapeutics are often administered by injections. Bioenhancers may potentially be used to benefit patients by making systemic delivery of these poorly bioavailable drugs possible via alternative routes of administration (i.e., oral, nasal, buccal or pulmonary routes of administration) and may also reduce dosages of small molecular drugs and thereby reduce treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Peterson
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Morné Weyers
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jan H Steenekamp
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Johan D Steyn
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Josias H Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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Mollazadeh S, Sahebkar A, Hadizadeh F, Behravan J, Arabzadeh S. Structural and functional aspects of P-glycoprotein and its inhibitors. Life Sci 2018; 214:118-123. [PMID: 30449449 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a member of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily which extrudes chemotherapeutic agents out of the cell. Suppression of this efflux activity has been the subject of numerous attempts to develop P-gp inhibitors. The aim of this review is to present up-to-date information on the structural and functional aspects of P-gp and its known inhibitors. The data presented also provide some information on drug discovery approaches for candidate P-gp inhibitors. Nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) and drug-binding domains (DBDs) have been extensively studied to gain more information about P-gp inhibition and it looks that the ATPase activity of this pump has been the most attractive target for designing inhibitors. Hydrophobic and π-π (aromatic) interactions between P-gp binding domains and inhibitors are dominant intermolecular forces that have been reported in many studies using different methods. Many synthetic and natural products have been found to possess inhibitory or modulatory effects on drug transporter proteins. Log P value is an important factor in studying these inhibitors and has a crucial role on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of candidate P-gp inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Mollazadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Arabzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zu C, Qin G, Yang C, Liu N, He A, Zhang M, Zheng X. Low dose Emodin induces tumor senescence for boosting breast cancer chemotherapy via silencing NRARP. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:973-978. [PMID: 30274778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The resistance to 5-FU often limits its clinical effectiveness on breast cancer treatment. Combination therapy thus is employed to overcome this treatment resistance. We here report a potent antitumor effect of Emodin at low dose on chemotherapy sensitivity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. METHODS Cell viability, apoptosis, glutathiones (GSH) concentration and Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity following Emodin and 5-FU treatment was assessed. Cellular senescence following combined treatment and silence of NRARP was examined by senescence-associated β-galactosidase analysis. Western blot analysis was used to determine changes in the expression of p21, p16, p27, E2F1 and NRARP. RESULTS Low dose Emodin potentiates 5-FU-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells, in association with inhibition of NRARP, resulting in cellular senescence. RNA interference of NRARP induced cellular senescence in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the cellular senescence induced by Emodin and 5-FU treatment could be reverted by pcDNA-NRARP. CONCLUSION These findings provide preclinical evidence for repurposing use of Emodin in combination with chemotherapeutic agents to treat breast cancer as an alternative salvage regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zu
- Lab 1, Cancer Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Guangyuan Qin
- Lab 1, Cancer Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Chunshu Yang
- Lab 1, Cancer Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Ning Liu
- Lab 1, Cancer Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Anning He
- Lab 1, Cancer Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Mingdi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Lab 1, Cancer Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China; Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China.
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Li N, Wang C, Zhang P, You S. Emodin inhibits pancreatic cancer EMT and invasion by up‑regulating microRNA‑1271. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3366-3374. [PMID: 30066876 PMCID: PMC6102704 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin has a direct inhibitory effect on the growth and metastasis of a variety of malignant tumor cells. MicroRNA-1271 (miR-1271) has an extensive tumor-suppression effect by inhibiting epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells and induces tumor cell apoptosis. Proceeding with the EMT regulatory mechanism of pancreatic carcinoma, the present study aimed to examine the inhibitory effect of miR-1271 and emodin against invasion and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma. The expression of EMT-related markers (E-cadherin, ZEB1 and TWIST1) was analyzed by western blotting. mRNA levels of miR-1271, E-cadherin, ZEB1 and TWIST1 in pancreatic tumor cells (SW1990) were measured through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and cell invasiveness was detected using Transwell assays. In addition, a liver metastatic model was established with an implantation of pancreatic tumor tissue into the spleens of nude mice to study the effect of emodin on pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. In the present study, it was demonstrated that miR-1271 significantly decreased in pancreatic cancer cells and tissues. Twist1 may be a target gene of miR-1271. Emodin could inhibit the proliferation ability of pancreatic cancer cells and increased miR-1271 expression level. Further, we found that miR-1271 significantly inhibited SW1990 cell EMT and invasive ability. We also provided the evidence that emodin inhibited SW1990 cell EMT by raising the level of miR-1271. Moreover, the in vivo experiments have verified the inhibiting effect of emodin against liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer. The data in the present study indicated that emodin inhibited pancreatic cancer EMT and invasion by increasing the content of miR-1271.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shengyi You
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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