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Liu NM, Miyashita L, Maher BA, McPhail G, Jones CJP, Barratt B, Thangaratinam S, Karloukovski V, Ahmed IA, Aslam Z, Grigg J. Evidence for the presence of air pollution nanoparticles in placental tissue cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:142235. [PMID: 33181987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled particulate matter (PM) from combustion- and friction-sourced air pollution adversely affects organs distant from the lung. A putative mechanism for the remote effect of inhaled PM is that ultrafine, nano-sized fraction (<100 nm) translocates across the air-tissue barrier, directly interacting with phagocytic tissue cells. Although PM is reported in other tissues, whether it is phagocytosed by non-respiratory tissue resident cells is unclear. Using the placenta as an accessible organ for phagocytic cells, we sought to seek evidence for air pollution-derived PM in tissue resident phagocytes. Macrophage-enriched placental cells (MEPCs) were isolated, and examined by light and electron microscopy. MEPC carbon was assessed by image analysis (mean μm2/1000 cells); particle composition and numbers were investigated using magnetic analyses and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. MEPCs phagocytic capacity was assessed by culture with diesel exhaust PM in vitro. Fifteen placentas were analysed. Black inclusions morphologically compatible with inhaled PM were identified within MEPCs from all samples (mean ± SEM carbon loading, 1000 MEPCs/participant of 0.004 ± 0.001 μm2). High resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy revealed abundant nano-sized particle aggregates within MEPCs. MEPC PM was predominantly carbonaceous but also co-associated with a range of trace metals, indicative of high temperature (i.e. exogenous) generation. MEPCs contained readily-measurable amounts of iron-rich, ferrimagnetic particles, in concentrations/particle number concentrations ranging, respectively, from 8 to 50 ng/g and 10 to 60.107 magnetic particles/g (wet wt) MEPCs. Extracted MEPCs (n = 20/ placenta) were phagocytic for PM since all cells showed increased carbon area after culture with diesel PM in vitro (mean ± SEM increase 7.55 ± 1.26 μm2 carbon PM). These findings demonstrate that inhaled, metal-bearing, air pollution-derived PM can not only translocate to distant organs, but is taken up by tissue resident phagocytes in vivo. The human placenta, and hence probably the fetus, thus appears to be a target for such particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norrice M Liu
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - Lisa Miyashita
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | | | | | - Carolyn J P Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Central Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Benjamin Barratt
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, UK
| | - Shakila Thangaratinam
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, WHO Collaborating Centre for Women's Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Imad A Ahmed
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Zabeada Aslam
- Leeds Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy Centre, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Jonathan Grigg
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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Egger AE, Grabmann G, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Pechriggl EJ, Artner C, Türkcan A, Hartinger CG, Fritsch H, Keppler BK, Brenner E, Grimm M, Messner B, Bernhard D. Chemical imaging and assessment of cadmium distribution in the human body. Metallomics 2020; 11:2010-2019. [PMID: 31593199 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00178f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The scientific interest in cadmium (Cd) as a human health damaging agent has significantly increased over the past decades. However, particularly the histological distribution of Cd in human tissues is still scarcely defined. Using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), we determined the concentration of Cd in 40 different human tissues of four body donors and provided spatial information by elemental imaging on the microscopic distribution of Cd in 8 selected tissues by laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS. ICP-MS results show that Cd concentrations differ by a factor of 20 000 between different tissues. Apart from the well know deposits in kidney, bone, and liver, our study provides evidence that muscle and adipose tissue are underestimated Cd pools. For the first time, we present spatially resolved Cd distributions in a broad panel of human soft tissues. The defined histological structures are mirrored by sharp cut differences in Cd concentrations between neighboring tissue types, particularly in the rectum, testis, and kidneys. The spatial resolution of the Cd distribution at microscopic level visualized intratissue hot spots of Cd accumulation and is suggested as a powerful tool to elucidate metal based toxicity at histological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Egger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Takano APC, Justo LT, Dos Santos NV, Marquezini MV, de André PA, da Rocha FMM, Pasqualucci CA, Barrozo LV, Singer JM, De André CDS, Saldiva PHN, Veras MM. Pleural anthracosis as an indicator of lifetime exposure to urban air pollution: An autopsy-based study in Sao Paulo. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:23-32. [PMID: 30884435 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the association between air pollution and adverse health effects using a wide variety of methods to assess exposure. However, the assessment of individual long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is a challenging task and has not been evaluated in a large autopsy study. Our goal was to investigate whether exposure to urban air pollution is associated to the degree of lung anthracosis, considering modifying factors such as personal habits, mobility patterns and occupational activities. We conducted a study in Sao Paulo, Brazil from February 2017 to June 2018, combining epidemiological, spatial analysis and autopsy-based approaches. Information about residential address, socio-demographic details, occupation, smoking status, time of residence in the city and time spent commuting was collected via questionnaires applied to the next-of-kin. Images of the pleura surface from upper and lower lobes were used to quantify anthracosis in the lungs. We used multiple regression models to assess the association between the amount of carbon deposits in human lungs, measured by the fraction of pleural anthracosis (FA), and potential explanatory variables. We analyzed 413 cases and our data showed that for each additional hour spent in daily commuting, the ratio FA/(1-FA) is multiplied by 1.05 (95% confidence interval: [1.02; 1.08]). The estimated coefficient for daily hours spent in traffic was not considerably affected by the inclusion of socio-demographic variables and smoking habits. We estimate a tobacco equivalent dose of 5 cigarettes per day in a city where annual PM2.5 concentration oscillates around 25 μg/m3. Pleural anthracosis is a potential index of lifetime exposure to traffic-derived air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Cremasco Takano
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lígia Vizeu Barrozo
- Department of Geography, School of Philosophy, Literature and Human Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio M Singer
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo (IEA-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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