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Zhao HL, You Y, Tian Y, Wang L, An Y, Zhang G, Shu C, Yu M, Zhu Y, Li Q, Zhang Y, Sun N, Hu S, Liu G. Impact of LDLR polymorphisms on lipid levels and atorvastatin's efficacy in a northern Chinese adult Han cohort with dyslipidemia. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:106. [PMID: 38616260 PMCID: PMC11016223 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia, a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), is influenced by genetic variations, particularly those in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of LDLR polymorphisms on baseline serum lipid levels and the therapeutic efficacy of atorvastatin in an adult Han population in northern China with dyslipidemia. METHODS In this study, 255 Han Chinese adults receiving atorvastatin therapy were examined and followed up. The 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the LDLR gene was sequenced to identify polymorphisms. The associations between gene polymorphisms and serum lipid levels, as well as changes in lipid levels after intervention, were evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, with a P < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Assessment of linkage disequilibrium patterns and haplotype structures was conducted utilizing Haploview. RESULTS Eleven distinct polymorphisms at LDLR 3' UTR were identified. Seven polymorphisms (rs1433099, rs14158, rs2738466, rs5742911, rs17249057, rs55971831, and rs568219285) were correlated with the baseline serum lipid levels (P < 0.05). In particular, four polymorphisms (rs14158, rs2738466, rs5742911, and rs17249057) were in strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 1), and patients with the AGGC haplotype had higher TC and LDL-C levels at baseline. Three polymorphisms (rs1433099, rs2738467, and rs7254521) were correlated with the therapeutic efficacy of atorvastatin (P < 0.05). Furthermore, carriers of the rs2738467 T allele demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels post-atorvastatin treatment (P = 0.03), indicating a potentially crucial genetic influence on therapeutic outcomes. Two polymorphisms (rs751672818 and rs566918949) were neither correlated with the baseline serum lipid levels nor atorvastatin's efficacy. CONCLUSIONS This research outlined the complex genetic architecture surrounding LDLR 3' UTR polymorphisms and their role in lipid metabolism and the response to atorvastatin treatment in adult Han Chinese patients with dyslipidemia, highlighting the importance of genetic profiling in enhancing tailored therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, this investigation advocates for the integration of genetic testing into the management of dyslipidemia, paving the way for customized therapeutic approaches that could significantly improve patient care. TRIAL REGISTRATION This multicenter study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiangya Hospital Central South University (ethics number K22144). It was a general ethic. In addition, this study was approved by The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University (ethics number 20220418).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yang You
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Beijing E-Seq Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Luyan Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang An
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Beijing E-Seq Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxin Yu
- Beijing E-Seq Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Zhu
- Beijing E-Seq Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing E-Seq Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Beijing E-Seq Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Ningling Sun
- Institute of Hypertension, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Songnian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Duan Y, Gong K, Xu S, Zhang F, Meng X, Han J. Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in health and diseases: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:265. [PMID: 35918332 PMCID: PMC9344793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed cholesterol homeostasis plays critical roles in the development of multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, particularly the CVD in which the accumulation of lipids (mainly the cholesteryl esters) within macrophage/foam cells underneath the endothelial layer drives the formation of atherosclerotic lesions eventually. More and more studies have shown that lowering cholesterol level, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, protects cardiovascular system and prevents cardiovascular events effectively. Maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is determined by cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, efflux, transport, storage, utilization, and/or excretion. All the processes should be precisely controlled by the multiple regulatory pathways. Based on the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, many interventions have been developed to lower cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake or enhancing cholesterol utilization and excretion. Herein, we summarize the historical review and research events, the current understandings of the molecular pathways playing key roles in regulating cholesterol homeostasis, and the cholesterol-lowering interventions in clinics or in preclinical studies as well as new cholesterol-lowering targets and their clinical advances. More importantly, we review and discuss the benefits of those interventions for the treatment of multiple diseases including atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis and virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xianshe Meng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Sánchez A, Bustos P, Honorato P, Burgos CF, Barriga N, Jannes CE, Sáez K, Alonso R, Asenjo S, Radojkovic C. Phenotypic characterization and predictive analysis of p.Asp47Asn LDL receptor mutation associated with Familial Hypercholesterolemia in a Chilean population. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:366-374.e1. [PMID: 33547002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited disorder mainly caused by mutations in the LDL receptor (LDL-R) and characterized by elevation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and premature cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated the clinical phenotype of the p.Asp47Asn, described as an uncertain pathogenic variant, and its effect on the structure of LDL-R and ligand interactions with apolipoproteins. METHODS 27 children and adolescents with suspected FH diagnosis were recruited from a pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic. Blood samples were collected after 12 h fasting for lipid profile analysis. DNA sequencing was performed for six FH-related genes by Ion Torrent PGM platform and copy number variation by MLPA. For index cases, a familial cascade screening was done restricted to the same mutation found in the index case. In silico analysis were developed to evaluate the binding capacity of LDL-R to apolipoproteins B100 and E. RESULTS Lipid profile in children and adolescents demonstrated higher LDL-C levels in p.Asp47Asn carriers compared to the wild type genotype. In silico analysis predicted a reduction in the binding capacity of the ligand-binding modules LA1-2 of p.Asp47Asn LDL-R for ApoB100 and ApoE, which was not produced by local structural changes or folding defects but as a consequence of a decreased apparent affinity for both apolipoproteins. CONCLUSION The clinical phenotype and the structural effects of p.Asp47Asn LDL-R mutation suggest that this variant associates to FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Paulina Bustos
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Paula Honorato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos F Burgos
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natalia Barriga
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cinthia E Jannes
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia Sáez
- Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Alonso
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Medicine and Nutrition, Santiago de Chile. Fundación Hipercolesterolemia Familiar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sylvia Asenjo
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Radojkovic
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Oommen D, Kizhakkedath P, Jawabri AA, Varghese DS, Ali BR. Proteostasis Regulation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum: An Emerging Theme in the Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Management of Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Front Genet 2020; 11:570355. [PMID: 33173538 PMCID: PMC7538668 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.570355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal genetic disease characterized by high serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) content leading to premature coronary artery disease. The main genetic and molecular causes of FH are mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR) resulting in the non-clearance of LDL from the blood by hepatocytes and consequently the formation of plaques. LDLR is synthesized and glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then transported to the plasma membrane via Golgi. It is estimated that more than 50% of reported FH-causing mutations in LDLR result in misfolded proteins that are transport-defective and hence retained in ER. ER accumulation of misfolded proteins causes ER-stress and activates unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR aids protein folding, blocks further protein synthesis, and eliminates misfolded proteins via ER-associated degradation (ERAD) to alleviate ER stress. Various studies demonstrated that ER-retained LDLR mutants are subjected to ERAD. Interestingly, chemical chaperones and genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ERAD have been reported to rescue the transport defective mutant LDLR alleles from ERAD and restore their ER-Golgi transport resulting in the expression of functional plasma membrane LDLR. This suggests the possibility of pharmacological modulation of proteostasis in the ER as a therapeutic strategy for FH. In this review, we picture a detailed analysis of UPR and the ERAD processes activated by ER-retained LDLR mutants associated with FH. In addition, we discuss and critically evaluate the potential role of chemical chaperones and ERAD modulators in the therapeutic management of FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepu Oommen
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Praseetha Kizhakkedath
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aseel A Jawabri
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divya Saro Varghese
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Chen X, Lin J, Kong LN, Shen YL, Chen YL, Guo QW, Zhang JC, Yang M, Fang DZ. Effects of earthquake and related environmental factors on relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder with LDLR rs5925. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136811. [PMID: 32018970 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To test the relationship not yet explored before among earthquake and related environmental factors, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the genetic variation of LDLR rs5925 was selected and PTSD was examined by PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCLC) in adolescents with different genotypes of LDLR rs5925 longitudinally at 6, 12 and 18 months after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The C allele carriers were observed to have higher PTSD prevalence than the TT homozygotes in the male subjects, and higher PTSD prevalence and PCL-C scores in the female subjects only at 6 months. When compared to that at 12 months, decreased PTSD prevalence was observed at 18 months only in the female C allele carriers, but not in the female TT homozygotes or the male subjects. The potential risk factors of PTSD and predictors of PCL-C scores were different during the follow-up. LDLR rs5925 was one of the predictors for PCL-C scores at 6 and 12 months, and one of the potential factors for PTSD prevalence at 6 months. These results suggest that interactions may occur between earthquakes and other related environmental factors, which could affect the relationship of LDLR rs5925 with PTSD and be considered for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Jia Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Ling Nan Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Yi Lin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Yong Li Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Qi Wei Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Ji Cheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Ding Zhi Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, PR China.
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6
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Ren T, Li W, Liu D, Liang K, Wang X, Li H, Jiang R, Tian Y, Kang X, Li Z. Two insertion/deletion variants in the promoter region of the QPCTL gene are significantly associated with body weight and carcass traits in chickens. Anim Genet 2019; 50:279-282. [PMID: 30974000 DOI: 10.1111/age.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like (QPCTL) is an isoenzyme of glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase (QPCT). QPCTL and QPCT catalyze the formation of N-terminal modified pyroglutamate-fractalkine and the chemokine CCL2. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between insertions/deletions in the chicken QPCTL promoter region with growth traits in chickens. We first detected two insertion/deletion variants of QPCTL via whole-genome resequencing analysis of DNA samples from Xichuan chickens. A total of 1896 individuals from 12 breeds were genotyped for 52- and 224-bp insertions/deletions. We found two novel insertions/deletions in the promoter region of the chicken QPCTL gene and studied their association with chicken body weight and carcass traits. Our findings show that QPCTL can be a molecular marker for chicken genetics and breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ren
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - W Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - D Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - K Liang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - X Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - H Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - R Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Y Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - X Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Z Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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7
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Yu XH, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Cholesterol transport system: An integrated cholesterol transport model involved in atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:65-91. [PMID: 30528667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular disease (CVD), is closely associated with cholesterol accumulation in the arterial intima. Excessive cholesterol is removed by the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, representing a major antiatherogenic mechanism. In addition to the RCT, other pathways are required for maintaining the whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Thus, we propose a working model of integrated cholesterol transport, termed the cholesterol transport system (CTS), to describe body cholesterol metabolism. The novel model not only involves the classical view of RCT but also contains other steps, such as cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, low-density lipoprotein uptake by the liver, and transintestinal cholesterol excretion. Extensive studies have shown that dysfunctional CTS is one of the major causes for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Currently, several drugs are available to improve the CTS efficiently. There are also several therapeutic approaches that have entered into clinical trials and shown considerable promise for decreasing the risk of CVD. In recent years, a variety of novel findings reveal the molecular mechanisms for the CTS and its role in the development of atherosclerosis, thereby providing novel insights into the understanding of whole-body cholesterol transport and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in this area with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting the CTS in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Spontaneous severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis lesions in rabbits with deficiency of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) on exon 7. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:29-38. [PMID: 30243490 PMCID: PMC6197696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) have been the very frequently used as animal models in the study of human lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, because they have similar lipoprotein metabolism to humans. Most of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis rabbit models are produced by feeding rabbits a high-cholesterol diet. Gene editing or knockout (KO) offered another means of producing rabbit models for study of the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins. Even so, apolipoprotein (Apo)E KO rabbits must be fed a high-cholesterol diet to induce hyperlipidemia. In this study, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system anchored exon 7 of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in an attempt to generate KO rabbits. We designed two sgRNA sequences located in E7:g.7055-7074 and E7:g.7102-7124 of rabbit LDLR gene, respectively. Seven LDLR-KO founder rabbits were generated, and all of them contained biallelic modifications. Various mutational LDLR amino acid sequences of the 7 founder rabbits were subjected to tertiary structure modeling with SWISS-MODEL, and results showed that the structure of EGF-A domain of each protein differs from the wild-type. All the founder rabbits spontaneously developed hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis on a normal chow (NC) diet. Analysis of their plasma lipids and lipoproteins at the age of 12 weeks revealed that all these KO rabbits exhibited markedly increased levels of plasma TC (the highest of which was 1013.15 mg/dl, 20-fold higher than wild-type rabbits), LDL-C (the highest of which was 730.00 mg/dl, 35-fold higher than wild-type rabbits) and TG accompanied by reduced HDL-C levels. Pathological examinations of a founder rabbit showed prominent aortic atherosclerosis lesions and coronary artery atherosclerosis.In conclusion, we have reported the generation LDLR-KO rabbit model for the study of spontaneous hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis on a NC diet. The LDLR-KO rabbits should be a useful rabbit model of human familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) for the simulations of human primary hypercholesterolemia and such models would allow more exact research into cardio-cerebrovascular disease.
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