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Restrepo D, Quion J, Vásquez-Venegas C, Villanueva C, Anthony Celi L, Nakayama LF. A scoping review of the landscape of health-related open datasets in Latin America. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 2:e0000368. [PMID: 37878549 PMCID: PMC10599518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have the potential to revolutionize healthcare, but their successful translation into clinical practice has been limited. One crucial factor is the data used to train these algorithms, which must be representative of the population. However, most healthcare databases are derived from high-income countries, leading to non-representative models and potentially exacerbating health inequities. This review focuses on the landscape of health-related open datasets in Latin America, aiming to identify existing datasets, examine data-sharing frameworks, techniques, platforms, and formats, and identify best practices in Latin America. The review found 61 datasets from 23 countries, with the DATASUS dataset from Brazil contributing to the majority of articles. The analysis revealed a dearth of datasets created by the authors themselves, indicating a reliance on existing open datasets. The findings underscore the importance of promoting open data in Latin America. We provide recommendations for enhancing data sharing in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Restrepo
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Telematics Department, University of Cauca, Popayán, Cauca, Colombia
| | - Justin Quion
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Constanza Vásquez-Venegas
- Scientific Image Analysis Lab, Integrative Biology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cleva Villanueva
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Leo Anthony Celi
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Luis Filipe Nakayama
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Barbalho IMP, Fernandes F, Barros DMS, Paiva JC, Henriques J, Morais AHF, Coutinho KD, Coelho Neto GC, Chioro A, Valentim RAM. Electronic health records in Brazil: Prospects and technological challenges. Front Public Health 2022; 10:963841. [PMID: 36408021 PMCID: PMC9669479 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.963841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic Health Records (EHR) are critical tools for advancing digital health worldwide. In Brazil, EHR development must follow specific standards, laws, and guidelines that contribute to implementing beneficial resources for population health monitoring. This paper presents an audit of the main approaches used for EHR development in Brazil, thus highlighting prospects, challenges, and existing gaps in the field. We applied a systematic review protocol to search for articles published from 2011 to 2021 in seven databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Springer, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and SciELO). Subsequently, we analyzed 14 articles that met the inclusion and quality criteria and answered our research questions. According to this analysis, 78.58% (11) of the articles state that interoperability between systems is essential for improving patient care. Moreover, many resources are being designed and deployed to achieve this communication between EHRs and other healthcare systems in the Brazilian landscape. Besides interoperability, the articles report other considerable elements: (i) the need for increased security with the deployment of permission resources for viewing patient data, (ii) the absence of accurate data for testing EHRs, and (iii) the relevance of defining a methodology for EHR development. Our review provides an overview of EHR development in Brazil and discusses current gaps, innovative approaches, and technological solutions that could potentially address the related challenges. Lastly, our study also addresses primary elements that could contribute to relevant components of EHR development in the context of Brazil's public health system. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021233219, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021233219.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingridy M. P. Barbalho
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fernandes
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Daniele M. S. Barros
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Jailton C. Paiva
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Jorge Henriques
- Department of Informatics Engineering, Center for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antônio H. F. Morais
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Karilany D. Coutinho
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Giliate C. Coelho Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Chioro
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. M. Valentim
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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Kryszyn J, Cywoniuk K, Smolik WT, Wanta D, Wróblewski P, Midura M. Performance of an openEHR based hospital information system. Int J Med Inform 2022; 162:104757. [PMID: 35395475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A desirable feature of hospital information systems is interoperability, which is generally quite limited due to the lack of standardization of the data model. This results in high development and maintenance costs for such systems. The openEHR standard addresses this problem. Due to its two-level modelling, it allows the separation of demographic and medical data and the storage of this data so that it can be easily processed and exchanged. However, it introduces an additional software layer that may affect system performance. This article examines the performance of a system based on the openEHR standard and compares it with the performance of a proprietary system developed in a classic way. METHODS Two hospital information systems with the same functionality were designed and developed. One was based on an openEHR server, and another was using proprietary data model having both demographic and medical data. Systems were deployed on Azure platform and load tests using JMeter were conducted to calculate statistics of elapsed time of requests as well as throughput of both systems. RESULTS Endpoints which fetch only demographic data had the same performance, but when medical data had to be queried, a decrease in performance of the openEHR based system was noticed. The system based on a proprietary data had about 6 times bigger throughput in terms of medical data fetching. CONCLUSIONS OpenEHR adds another layer to the architecture of a hospital information system which might result in performance issues. Such a system must be designed to operate on a sufficiently strong architecture if it is intended to serve many users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kryszyn
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Cywoniuk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar T Smolik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Wanta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wróblewski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Midura
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
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On Graph Construction for Classification of Clinical Trials Protocols Using Graph Neural Networks. Artif Intell Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-09342-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Roehrs A, da Costa CA, Righi RR, Mayer AH, da Silva VF, Goldim JR, Schmidt DC. Integrating multiple blockchains to support distributed personal health records. Health Informatics J 2021; 27:14604582211007546. [PMID: 33853403 DOI: 10.1177/14604582211007546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Blockchain technologies have evolved in recent years, as have the use of personal health record (PHR) data. Initially, only the financial domain benefited from Blockchain technologies. Due to efficient distribution format and data integrity security, however, these technologies have demonstrated potential in other areas, such as PHR data in the healthcare domain. Applying Blockchain to PHR data faces different challenges than applying it to financial transactions via crypto-currency. To propose and discuss an architectural model of a Blockchain platform named "OmniPHR Multi-Blockchain" to address key challenges associated with geographical distribution of PHR data. We analyzed the current literature to identify critical barriers faced when applying Blockchain technologies to distribute PHR data. We propose an architecture model and describe a prototype developed to evaluate and address these challenges. The OmniPHR Multi-Blockchain architecture yielded promising results for scenarios involving distributed PHR data. The project demonstrated a viable and beneficial alternative for processing geographically distributed PHR data with performance comparable with conventional methods. Blockchain's implementation tools have evolved, but the domain of healthcare still faces many challenges concerning distribution and interoperability. This study empirically demonstrates an alternative architecture that enables the distributed processing of PHR data via Blockchain technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - André H Mayer
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Brazil
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Standardized electronic health record data modeling and persistence: A comparative review. J Biomed Inform 2020; 114:103670. [PMID: 33359548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the extensive adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) by several healthcare organizations, more efforts are needed to manage and utilize such massive, various, and complex healthcare data. Databases' performance and suitability to health care tasks are dramatically affected by how their data storage model and query capabilities are well-adapted to the use case scenario. On the other hand, standardized healthcare data modeling is one of the most favorable paths for achieving semantic interoperability, facilitating patient data integration from different healthcare systems. This paper compares the state-of-the-art of the most crucial database management systems used for storing standardized EHRs data. It discusses different database models' appropriateness for meeting different EHRs functions with different database specifications and workload scenarios. Insights into relevant literature show how flexible NoSQL databases (document, column, and graph) effectively deal with standardized EHRs data's distinctive features, especially in the distributed healthcare system, leading to better EHR.
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Yang L, Huang X, Li J. Discovering Clinical Information Models Online to Promote Interoperability of Electronic Health Records: A Feasibility Study of OpenEHR. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e13504. [PMID: 31140433 PMCID: PMC6658308 DOI: 10.2196/13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical information models (CIMs) enabling semantic interoperability are crucial for electronic health record (EHR) data use and reuse. Dual model methodology, which distinguishes the CIMs from the technical domain, could help enable the interoperability of EHRs at the knowledge level. How to help clinicians and domain experts discover CIMs from an open repository online to represent EHR data in a standard manner becomes important. Objective This study aimed to develop a retrieval method to identify CIMs online to represent EHR data. Methods We proposed a graphical retrieval method and validated its feasibility using an online CIM repository: openEHR Clinical Knowledge Manager (CKM). First, we represented CIMs (archetypes) using an extended Bayesian network. Then, an inference process was run in the network to discover relevant archetypes. In the evaluation, we defined three retrieval tasks (medication, laboratory test, and diagnosis) and compared our method with three typical retrieval methods (BM25F, simple Bayesian network, and CKM), using mean average precision (MAP), average precision (AP), and precision at 10 (P@10) as evaluation metrics. Results We downloaded all available archetypes from the CKM. Then, the graphical model was applied to represent the archetypes as a four-level clinical resources network. The network consisted of 5513 nodes, including 3982 data element nodes, 504 concept nodes, 504 duplicated concept nodes, and 523 archetype nodes, as well as 9867 edges. The results showed that our method achieved the best MAP (MAP=0.32), and the AP was almost equal across different retrieval tasks (AP=0.35, 0.31, and 0.30, respectively). In the diagnosis retrieval task, our method could successfully identify the models covering “diagnostic reports,” “problem list,” “patients background,” “clinical decision,” etc, as well as models that other retrieval methods could not find, such as “problems and diagnoses.” Conclusions The graphical retrieval method we propose is an effective approach to meet the uncertainty of finding CIMs. Our method can help clinicians and domain experts identify CIMs to represent EHR data in a standard manner, enabling EHR data to be exchangeable and interoperable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Institute of Medical Information / Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuo Huang
- Institute of Medical Information / Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Institute of Medical Information / Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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