1
|
Nabar GM, Dehankar AV, Jergens E, Hansen BB, Johnston-Halperin E, Sheffield M, Sangoro J, Wyslouzil BE, Winter JO. Structural interactions in polymer-stabilized magnetic nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3732-3741. [PMID: 38647097 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have attracted significant attention because of their nanoscale magnetic properties. SPION aggregates may afford emergent properties, resulting from dipole-dipole interactions between neighbors. Such aggregates can display internal order, with high packing fractions (>20%), and can be stabilized with block co-polymers (BCPs), permitting design of tunable composites for potential nanomedicine, data storage, and electronic sensing applications. Despite the routine use of magnetic fields for aggregate actuation, the impact of those fields on polymer structure, SPION ordering, and magnetic properties is not fully understood. Here, we report that external magnetic fields can induce ordering in SPION aggregates that affect their structure, inter-SPION distance, magnetic properties, and composite Tg. SPION aggregates were synthesized in the presence or absence of magnetic fields or exposed to magnetic fields post-synthesis. They were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). SPION aggregate properties depended on the timing of field application. Magnetic field application during synthesis encouraged preservation of SPION chain aggregates stabilized by polymer coatings even after removal of the field, whereas post synthesis application triggered subtle internal reordering, as indicated by increased blocking temperature (TB), that was not observed via SAXS or TEM. These results suggest that magnetic fields are a simple, yet powerful tool to tailor the structure, ordering, and magnetic properties of polymer-stabilized SPION nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri M Nabar
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Abhilasha V Dehankar
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Jergens
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Benworth B Hansen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | | | - Matthew Sheffield
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Barbara E Wyslouzil
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica O Winter
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amor M, Wan J, Egli R, Carlut J, Gatel C, Andersen IM, Snoeck E, Komeili A. Key Signatures of Magnetofossils Elucidated by Mutant Magnetotactic Bacteria and Micromagnetic Calculations. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH 2022; 127:e2021JB023239. [PMID: 35444924 PMCID: PMC9017866 DOI: 10.1029/2021jb023239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce single-stranded or multi-stranded chains of magnetic nanoparticles that contribute to the magnetization of sediments and rocks. Their magnetic fingerprint can be detected in ancient geological samples and serve as a unique biosignature of microbial life. However, some fossilized assemblages bear contradictory signatures pointing to magnetic components that have distinct origin(s). Here, using micromagnetic simulations and mutant MTB producing looped magnetosome chains, we demonstrate that the observed magnetofossil fingerprints are produced by a mixture of single-stranded and multi-stranded chains, and that diagenetically induced chain collapse, if occurring, must preserve the strong uniaxial anisotropy of native chains. This anisotropy is the key factor for distinguishing magnetofossils from other populations of natural magnetite particles, including those with similar individual crystal characteristics. Furthermore, the detailed properties of magnetofossil signatures depend on the proportion of equant and elongated magnetosomes, as well as on the relative abundances of single-stranded and multi-stranded chains. This work has important paleoclimatic, paleontological, and phylogenetic implications, as it provides reference data to differentiate distinct MTB lineages according to their chain and magnetosome morphologies, which will enable the tracking of the evolution of some of the most ancient biomineralizing organisms in a time-resolved manner. It also enables a more accurate discrimination of different sources of magnetite particles, which is pivotal for gaining better environmental and relative paleointensity reconstructions from sedimentary records.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Amor
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
- Aix‐Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAMSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceFrance
| | - Juan Wan
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Ramon Egli
- Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG)ViennaAustria
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Julie Carlut
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRSParisFrance
| | | | | | | | - Arash Komeili
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Orientational dynamics of magnetotactic bacteria in Earth's magnetic field-a simulation study. J Biol Phys 2021; 47:79-93. [PMID: 33687635 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-021-09566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate through simulations the phenomena of magnetoreception to enable an understanding of the minimum requirements of a fail-safe mechanism, operational at the cellular level, to sense a weak magnetic field at ambient temperature in a biologically active environment. To do this, we use magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) as our model system. The magnetic field sensing ability of these bacteria is due to the presence of magnetosomes, which are internal membrane-bound organelles that contain an iron-based magnetic mineral crystal. These magnetosomes are usually found arranged in a chain aligned with the long axis of the bacterial body. This arrangement yields an overall magnetic dipole moment to the bacterial cell. To simulate this orientation process, we set up a rotational Langevin stochastic differential equation and solve it repeatedly over appropriate time steps for isolated spherical shaped MTB as well as for a more realistic model of spheroidal MTB with flagella. The orientation process appears to depend on shape parameters with spheroidal MTB showing a slower response time compared to spherical MTB. Further, our simulation also reveals that the alignment to the external magnetic field is more robust for an MTB when compared to single magnetosome. For the simulation involving magnetosomes, we include an extra torque that arises from the twisting of an attachment tether and enhance the viscosity of the surrounding medium to mimic intracellular conditions in the governing Langevin equation. The response time of alignment is found to be substantially reduced when one includes a dipole interaction term with a neighboring magnetosome and the alignment becomes less robust with increase in inter dipole distance. The alignment process can thereby be said to be very sensitively dependent on the distance between magnetosomes. Simulating the process of alignment between two neighboring magnetosomes, both in the absence and presence of an ambient magnetic field, we conclude that alignment between these dipoles at the distances typical in an MTB is highly probable and it would be the locked unit that responds to changes in the external magnetic field.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are aquatic or sediment-dwelling microorganisms able to take advantage of the Earth's magnetic field for directed motility. The source of this amazing trait is magnetosomes, unique organelles used to synthesize single nanometer-sized crystals of magnetic iron minerals that are queued up to build an intracellular compass. Most of these microorganisms cannot be cultivated under controlled conditions, much less genetically engineered, with only few exceptions. However, two of the genetically amenable Magnetospirillum species have emerged as tractable model organisms to study magnetosome formation and magnetotaxis. Recently, much has been revealed about the process of magnetosome biogenesis and dedicated structures for magnetosome dynamics and positioning, which suggest an unexpected cellular intricacy of these organisms. In this minireview, we summarize new insights and place the molecular mechanisms of magnetosome formation in the context of the complex cell biology of Magnetospirillum spp. First, we provide an overview on magnetosome vesicle synthesis and magnetite biomineralization, followed by a discussion of the perceptions of dynamic organelle positioning and its biological implications, which highlight that magnetotactic bacteria have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to construct, incorporate, and inherit a unique navigational device. Finally, we discuss the impact of magnetotaxis on motility and its interconnection with chemotaxis, showing that magnetotactic bacteria are outstandingly adapted to lifestyle and habitat.
Collapse
|
5
|
Nemati Z, Zamani Kouhpanji MR, Zhou F, Das R, Makielski K, Um J, Phan MH, Muela A, Fdez-Gubieda ML, Franklin RR, Stadler BJH, Modiano JF, Alonso J. Isolation of Cancer-Derived Exosomes Using a Variety of Magnetic Nanostructures: From Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles to Ni Nanowires. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1662. [PMID: 32854239 PMCID: PMC7558559 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Isolating and analyzing tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) can provide important information about the state of a tumor, facilitating early diagnosis and prognosis. Since current isolation methods are mostly laborious and expensive, we propose herein a fast and cost-effective method based on a magnetic nanoplatform to isolate TEX. In this work, we have tested our method using three magnetic nanostructures: (i) Ni magnetic nanowires (MNWs) (1500 × 40 nm), (ii) Fe3O4 nanorods (NRs) (41 × 7 nm), and (iii) Fe3O4 cube-octahedral magnetosomes (MGs) (45 nm) obtained from magnetotactic bacteria. The magnetic response of these nanostructures has been characterized, and we have followed their internalization inside canine osteosarcoma OSCA-8 cells. An overall depiction has been obtained using a combination of Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopies. In addition, Transmission Electron Microscopy images have shown that the nanostructures, with different signs of degradation, ended up being incorporated in endosomal compartments inside the cells. Small intra-endosomal vesicles that could be precursors for TEX have also been identified. Finally, TEX have been isolated using our magnetic isolation method and analyzed with a Nanoparticle tracking analyzer (NanoSight). We observed that the amount and purity of TEX isolated magnetically with MNWs was higher than with NRs and MGs, and they were close to the results obtained using conventional non-magnetic isolation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Nemati
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.Z.K.); (J.U.); (R.R.F.); (B.J.H.S.)
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (K.M.); (J.F.M.)
- Masonic Cancer Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Zamani Kouhpanji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.Z.K.); (J.U.); (R.R.F.); (B.J.H.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fang Zhou
- Shepherd Labs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Raja Das
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering and Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), Phenikaa University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
- Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A & A Green Phoenix Group, 167 Hoang Ngan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Kelly Makielski
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (K.M.); (J.F.M.)
- Masonic Cancer Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Joseph Um
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.Z.K.); (J.U.); (R.R.F.); (B.J.H.S.)
| | - Manh-Huong Phan
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Alicia Muela
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.M.); (M.L.F.-G.)
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Mᵃ Luisa Fdez-Gubieda
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.M.); (M.L.F.-G.)
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Rhonda R. Franklin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.Z.K.); (J.U.); (R.R.F.); (B.J.H.S.)
| | - Bethanie J. H. Stadler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.Z.K.); (J.U.); (R.R.F.); (B.J.H.S.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jaime F. Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (K.M.); (J.F.M.)
- Masonic Cancer Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Javier Alonso
- Department CITIMAC, University of Cantabria (UC), 39005 Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|