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Rodríguez-Ces AM, Rapado-González Ó, Salgado-Barreira Á, Santos MA, Aroso C, Vinhas AS, López-López R, Suárez-Cunqueiro MM. Liquid Biopsies Based on Cell-Free DNA Integrity as a Biomarker for Cancer Diagnosis: A Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1465. [PMID: 39061602 PMCID: PMC11276058 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14141465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have been identified as a viable source of cancer biomarkers. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cell-free DNA integrity (cfDI) in liquid biopsies for cancer. A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to June 2024. Seventy-two study units from forty-six studies, comprising 4286 cancer patients, were identified and evaluated. The Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy-2 (QUADAS-2) was used to assess study quality. Meta-regression analysis was employed to investigate the underlying factors contributing to heterogeneity, alongside an evaluation of publication bias. The bivariate random-effect model was utilized to compute the primary diagnostic outcomes and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of cfDI in cancer diagnosis were 0.70 and 0.77, 3.26 and 0.34, respectively. The overall area under the curve was 0.84, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 10.63. This meta-analysis suggested that the cfDI index has a promising potential as a non-invasive and accurate diagnostic tool for cancer. Study registration: The study was registered at PROSPERO (reference No. CRD42021276290).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Rodríguez-Ces
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.M.R.-C.); (Ó.R.-G.)
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Óscar Rapado-González
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.M.R.-C.); (Ó.R.-G.)
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/CI-IPOP@RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ángel Salgado-Barreira
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Arminda Santos
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (M.A.S.); (C.A.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Carlos Aroso
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (M.A.S.); (C.A.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Ana Sofia Vinhas
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (M.A.S.); (C.A.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Rafael López-López
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS, SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.M.R.-C.); (Ó.R.-G.)
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS, SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Ren S, Yu C, Huang Q. Diagnostic value of combined detection of plasma cfDNA concentration and integrity in NSCLC. Lung Cancer Manag 2024; 13:LMT64. [PMID: 38812772 PMCID: PMC11131340 DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2023-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the value of combined detection of plasma cfDNA concentration and integrity in the early diagnosis of NSCLC. Methods: Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to determine the concentration and integrity of plasma cfDNA in 71 NSCLC patients and 53 healthy people. Results: Combined detection of plasma cfDNA concentration and integrity had higher diagnostic power in differentiating NSCLC patients with stage I/II from healthy people than detection of plasma cfDNA concentration alone or integrity alone. The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection of plasma cfDNA concentration and integrity were 0.781, 0.62 and 0.85. Conclusion: Combined detection of plasma cfDNA concentration and integrity could improve the diagnostic value in NSCLC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, 401121, PR China
| | - Chunli Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, 610055, PR China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
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Al-Hawary SIS, Jasim SA, Hjazi A, Oghenemaro EF, Kaur I, Kumar A, Al-Ani AM, Alwaily ER, Redhee AH, Mustafa YF. Nucleic acid-based vaccine for ovarian cancer cells; bench to bedside. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3978. [PMID: 38515237 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer continues to be a difficult medical issue that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Important platforms for cancer immunotherapy include checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, bispecific antibodies, cancer vaccines, and other cell-based treatments. To avoid numerous infectious illnesses, conventional vaccinations based on synthetic peptides, recombinant subunit vaccines, and live attenuated and inactivated pathogens are frequently utilized. Vaccine manufacturing processes, however, are not entirely safe and carry a significant danger of contaminating living microorganisms. As a result, the creation of substitute vaccinations is required for both viral and noninfectious illnesses, including cancer. Recently, there has been testing of nucleic acid vaccines, or NAVs, as a cancer therapeutic. Tumor antigens (TAs) are genetically encoded by DNA and mRNA vaccines, which the host uses to trigger immune responses against ovarian cancer cells that exhibit the TAs. Despite being straightforward, safe, and easy to produce, NAVs are not currently thought to be an ideal replacement for peptide vaccines. Some obstacles to this strategy include selecting the appropriate therapeutic agents (TAs), inadequate immunogenicity, and the immunosuppressive characteristic of ovarian cancer. We focus on strategies that have been employed to increase NAVs' effectiveness in the fight against ovarian cancer in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Anbar, Iraq
- Biotechnology Department, College of Applied Science, Fallujah University, Fallujah, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enwa Felix Oghenemaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Irwanjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after The First President of Russia, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Huseen Redhee
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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The Utility of Repetitive Cell-Free DNA in Cancer Liquid Biopsies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061363. [PMID: 35741173 PMCID: PMC9221655 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a broad term that refers to the testing of body fluids for biomarkers that correlate with a pathological condition. While a variety of body-fluid components (e.g., circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, RNA, proteins, and metabolites) are studied as potential liquid biopsy biomarkers, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has attracted the most attention in recent years. The total cfDNA population in a typical biospecimen represents an immensely rich source of biological and pathological information and has demonstrated significant potential as a versatile biomarker in oncology, non-invasive prenatal testing, and transplant monitoring. As a significant portion of cfDNA is composed of repeat DNA sequences and some families (e.g., pericentric satellites) were recently shown to be overrepresented in cfDNA populations vs their genomic abundance, it holds great potential for developing liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for the early detection and management of patients with cancer. By outlining research that employed cell-free repeat DNA sequences, in particular the ALU and LINE-1 elements, we highlight the clinical potential of the repeat-element content of cfDNA as an underappreciated marker in the cancer liquid biopsy repertoire.
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Shaban S, Al‑Rahim A, Suleiman A. ALU repeat as potential molecular marker in the detection and prognosis of different cancer types: A systematic review. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:86. [PMID: 35251637 PMCID: PMC8892463 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health issue worldwide. cfDNA integrity has been reported as a potential diagnostic molecular marker for different types of cancer, identifying the importance of liquid biopsy. The aim of this review was to evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic performance of Arthrobacter luteus (ALU) repeat in tumor. Following a thorough review of the literature published from January, 2000 to September 2021, 36 studies were included. All of the study descriptions were analyzed. According to several studies, there were increased concentrations of ALU repetitive elements in cancer patients, while these concentrations were decreased in control, benign, different cancer stage, and other diseases. The total ALU (115 and 247) sequence levels are potential biomarkers for the purpose of investigations and cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semaa Shaban
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Saladin 34001, Iraq
| | - Aya Al‑Rahim
- Department of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al‑Nahrain University, Baghdad 64074, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Suleiman
- Department of Biotechnology, Science College, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar 46006, Iraq
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Fu X, Liu Y. A systematic review and meta-analysis of indirect comparison between miRNA and ctDNA in diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:5372-5382. [PMID: 35116384 PMCID: PMC8799085 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the clinical value of microRNA (miR) and circulating tumor RNA (ctDNA) in the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) by meta-analysis and indirect comparison based on common reference criteria. Methods The PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Chinese biology medicine (CBM), China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and Chinese Weipu (VIP) databases were searched by computer. The retrieval time limit was from the date of establishment of the database to September 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted the basic data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria formulated in advance, and evaluated the literature quality according to the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy research (quadas-2). The Meta disc 1.4 and Stata 12.0 software programs were used for meta-analysis to calculate the combined sensitivity, combined specificity, combined positive likelihood ratio, combined negative likelihood ratio and combined diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). The summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was drawn using Revman 5.3 software, and the stability of the results was evaluated by sensitivity analysis. The publication bias was evaluated by Deek’s funnel asymmetric test. The relative diagnostic odds ratio (RDOR) results of indirect comparison between microRNA and ctDNA were obtained using R software. Results Nineteen articles were included, including a total of 1,351 EOC patients and 1,194 controls. The heterogeneity test showed that there was obvious heterogeneity caused by non-threshold effect. The random effects model was used for meta-analysis of microRNA in the diagnosis of EOC. The results showed that there was no significant difference between microRNA and ctDNA in the accuracy of EOC diagnosis. The asymmetric test of Deek’s funnel chart showed that there was no significant publication bias. Discussion There are some limitations in this study, there is no blind diagnostic test, and the intensity of indirect comparison evidence is lower than that of direct comparison evidence. The accuracy of diagnostic tests and the imperfection of mesh meta-analysis statistical methods. MicroRNA and ctDNA have similar clinical diagnostic value for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Fu
- Department of Postpartum Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yani Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Papatheodoridi A, Karakousis N, Lembessis P, Chatzigeorgiou A, Papatheodoridis GV. The Significance of Circulating Cell-Free DNA Markers in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pathogens 2021; 10:1524. [PMID: 34832679 PMCID: PMC8618100 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most serious complication of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Recently, the detection of circulating cell-free (cf) DNA and nucleosomes has found numerous applications in oncology. This study aimed to examine the levels of serum cfDNA markers and nucleosomes in CHB patients with and without HCC and assess their potential association with HCC patients' survival. (2) Methods: Nineteen patients with CHB and HCC and 38 matched patients with CHB without cancer development during 5 years of antiviral therapy were included. Stored serum samples were analyzed for cfDNA species, including the cfDNA concentration and levels of Alu115, Alu247, and nucleosomes. DNA integrity was expressed as the Alu247/Alu115 ratio. (3) Results: Compared to controls, HCC patients had higher median Alu247 levels (64.2 vs. 23.2 genomic equivalent, p = 0.004) and DNA integrity (1.0 vs. 0.7, p < 0.001) and a trend for a higher median cfDNA concentration (36.0 vs. 19.5 ng/mL, p = 0.064). Increased DNA integrity (Alu247/Alu115 > 1) was associated with an increased risk of death during the first year after HCC diagnosis (p = 0.016). (4) Conclusions: Levels of Alu247 and DNA integrity in serum cfDNA are elevated in CHB patients with HCC, whereas increased DNA integrity seems to be associated with a worse short-term prognosis in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkistis Papatheodoridi
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, “Alexandra” General Hospital of Athens, Medical School of National, Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of National, Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (P.L.)
| | - Nikolaos Karakousis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of National, Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (P.L.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens “Laiko”, Medical School of National, Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Lembessis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of National, Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (P.L.)
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of National, Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (P.L.)
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - George V. Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens “Laiko”, Medical School of National, Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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In Silico screening of circulating tumor DNA, circulating microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs as diagnostic molecular biomarkers in ovarian cancer: A comprehensive meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250717. [PMID: 33901236 PMCID: PMC8075214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is a leading cause of death in gynecological malignancies worldwide. Multitudinous studies have suggested the potential of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as novel diagnostic molecular biomarkers for OC. Here, we include three updated meta-analysis methods using different molecular biomarkers to evaluate their discriminative value in OC diagnosis. METHODS We conducted three meta-analyses after searching different databases, and 23 eligible articles, including 8 concerning ctDNA, 11 concerning miRNAs, and 4 concerning lncRNAs, were found. Further, we pooled data concerning the sensitivity, specificity, and other indicators of accuracy for ctDNA/miRNAs/lncRNAs in the diagnosis of OC. The heterogeneity was further explored by meta-regressions and subgroup analyses, and Deeks' funnel plots were used to measure the publication bias of these three meta-analyses. RESULTS In all, this meta-analysis included 1732 OC patients and 3958 controls. The sensitivity of ctDNA for OC diagnosis was superior to that of lncRNA and miRNA (84% vs. 81% vs. 78%). Moreover, the specificity and area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of ctDNA were 91% and 94%, which were significantly higher than those of miRNA and lncRNAs (78% and 85%; 78% and 86%, respectively). No significant difference was observed among the two meta-analyses of ctDNA and lncRNA (P > 0.05) with regard to publication bias, while the meta-analysis of miRNA observed a significantly small publication bias (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ctDNA/miRNAs/lncRNAs may be promising molecular biomarkers for OC diagnosis. Further large-scale studies are needed to verify the potential applicability of ctDNA/miRNAs/lncRNAs molecular signatures alone or in combination as diagnostic molecular biomarkers for OC.
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Waki K, Yokomizo K, Yoshiyama K, Takamori S, Komatsu N, Yamada A. Integrity of circulating cell-free DNA as a prognostic biomarker for vaccine therapy in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:176-182. [PMID: 33541161 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1872619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many clinical trials of immune checkpoint blockade-based combination therapies are under way. Vaccine therapy is a promising partner of combination therapies. We have developed a personalized peptide vaccination and conducted clinical trials of it in patients with various cancers. At the present time, we have only a limited number of biomarkers related to the prognosis of vaccine-treated patients. Thus, new biomarkers are urgently needed. METHODS In this study, we investigated the plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) integrity-a ratio of the necrotic tumor cell-derived long cfDNA fragments to the total dead cell-derived short cfDNA fragments from genomic Alu elements-in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer during treatment with the personalized peptide vaccination. RESULTS We found that (1) the cfDNA integrity was decreased after the first cycle of vaccination, and (2) the patients with high prevaccination cfDNA integrity survived longer than those with low prevaccination integrity (median survival time (MST): 17.9 versus 9.0 months, respectively; hazard ratio (HR): 0.58, p = .0049). A similar tendency was observed in postvaccination cfDNA integrity (MST: 16.4 vs 9.4 months; HR: 0.65, p = .024). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cfDNA integrity is a possible prognostic biomarker in patients treated with the personalized peptide vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Waki
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kanako Yokomizo
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoshiyama
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shinzo Takamori
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Komatsu
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Akira Yamada
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
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10
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Stamenkovic S, Cheng J, Surowy H, Burwinkel B, Gündert M. Circulating cell-free DNA variables as marker of ovarian cancer patients: A pilot study. Cancer Biomark 2021; 28:159-167. [PMID: 32176629 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-191018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimal invasive blood-based molecular markers are evaluated as promising biomarkers in malignant diseases these days. OBJECTIVE In this pilot study, we investigated the potential of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentration and cell-free DNA Integrity (cfDI) as blood-based diagnostic markers for ovarian cancer patients in a retrospective study cohort. METHODS cfDNA concentration and cfDI were determined in the plasma of 37 ovarian cancer patients and 28 healthy controls, by measuring ALU and LINE1 repetitive DNA elements using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS A high correlation was observed between the results of ALU and LINE1. The correlated co-efficiency between the values of cfDNA concentration and cfDI was 0.86 and 0.71. As for the results between cases and controls, no or just borderline significant difference was observed in cfDI after age adjustment (P= 0.40 for ALU and P= 0.05 for LINE1) while cfDNA concentration showed a significant difference between ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls groups (P= 0.03 for ALU and P= 3.00 E-03 for LINE1). cfDNA concentration of ALU and LINE1 had an AUC of 0.81 (0.70-0.91). ALU and LINE1 cfDI reached an AUC of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.46-0.73). The combination of these markers reached the best diagnostic power with an AUC of 0.84. CONCLUSIONS cfDNA variables might be potentially diagnostic biomarkers in ovarian cancer, in combination with additional molecular markers. However, further studies are needed to confirm the diagnostic ability of cfDNA variables (cfDNA concentration and cfDI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Stamenkovic
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jie Cheng
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Gündert
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Waki K, Yokomizo K, Kawano K, Tsuda N, Komatsu N, Yamada A. Integrity of plasma cell-free DNA as a prognostic factor for vaccine therapy in patients with endometrial cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 14:29. [PMID: 33414910 PMCID: PMC7783719 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent gynecological cancer in developed countries. Although the prognosis of endometrial cancer is better than that of other gynecological cancers, the prognosis of advanced endometrial cancer is still poor and thus new therapeutic modalities, such as immune therapies, are urgently required. For the further development of new modalities, exploration of new biomarkers is important. The present study investigated the circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) integrity as a ratio of the necrotic tumor cell-derived long cfDNA fragments to the total dead cell-derived short cfDNA fragments from genomic Alu elements in patients with advanced endometrial cancer during peptide vaccination treatment. The results demonstrated that: i) The plasma cfDNA integrity was decreased during the first cycle of vaccination in patients with endometrial cancer treated with the personalized peptide vaccination, and ii) the post-vaccination cfDNA integrity levels were correlated with good prognosis. Some of these findings have been confirmed in other cancers, and thus cfDNA integrity might be an important marker for future cancer vaccine therapies in general, and might also be applicable for other immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Waki
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kanako Yokomizo
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kouichiro Kawano
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuda
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Komatsu
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Yamada
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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12
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Aili Y, Maimaitiming N, Mahemuti Y, Qin H, Wang Y, Wang Z. Liquid biopsy in central nervous system tumors: the potential roles of circulating miRNA and exosomes. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:4134-4150. [PMID: 33414991 PMCID: PMC7783770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Central nervous system (CNS) tumor still remains the most lethal cancer, and It is hard to diagnose at an earlier stage on most occasions. It is found that recurrent disease is finally observed in patients who occurred chemo-resistance after completely primary treatment. It is a challenge that monitoring treatment efficacy and tumor recurrence of CNS tumors are full of risks and difficulties by brain biopsies. However, the brain biopsies are considered as an invasive technique with low specificity and low sensitivity. In contrast, the liquid biopsy is based on blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test, which is going to acceptable among the patients through it's minimally invasive and serial bodily fluids. The advantages of liquid biopsy are to follow the development of tumors, provide new insights in real time, and accurate medical care. The major analytical constituents of liquid biopsy contain the Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating cell-free microRNAs (cfmiRNAs), and circulating exosomes. Liquid biopsy has been widely utilized in CNS tumors in recent years, and the CTCs and ctDNA have become the hot topics for researching. In this review, we are going to explain the clinical potential of liquid biopsy biomarkers in CNS tumor by testing circulating miRNAs and exosomes to evaluate diagnose, prognosis, and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirizhati Aili
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiang, PR China
| | - Nuersimanguli Maimaitiming
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiang, PR China
| | - Yusufu Mahemuti
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiang, PR China
| | - Hu Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiang, PR China
| | - Yongxin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiang, PR China
| | - Zengliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiang, PR China
- Bazhou People’s HospitalXinjiang, PR China
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13
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Fonseca FLA, da Veiga GL, Alves BDCA, Alves SIPMDN. Liquid biopsy in cancer using the Z-scan technique: a new approach to discover biomarkers in cancer. Future Sci OA 2020; 7:FSO638. [PMID: 33437502 PMCID: PMC7787153 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Biomarkers have been broadly studied as a tool for the diagnosis and prognosis for different types of cancer. Z-scan is a kind of measurement technique that generates a nonlinear refractive index (n2). Today, Z-scan has been used in oncology to discriminate between solid tumors and to identify tumor circulating cell-free DNA in liquid samples. MATERIALS & METHODS According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in this review, 35 articles were selected. CONCLUSION The use of this technique for this kind of measurement will allow for a rapid and precise diagnosis of different types of tumor and may lead to better therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André 06090-650, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
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14
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Liu KS, Tong H, Li TP, Chen YJ. Evaluation of circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for gynecological tumors. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:2613-2615. [PMID: 33009020 PMCID: PMC7722560 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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15
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Evaluating the quantity, quality and size distribution of cell-free DNA by multiplex droplet digital PCR. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12564. [PMID: 32724107 PMCID: PMC7387491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has become a comprehensive biomarker in the fields of non-invasive cancer detection and monitoring, organ transplantation, prenatal genetic testing and pathogen detection. While cfDNA samples can be obtained using a broad variety of approaches, there is an urgent need to standardize analytical tools aimed at assessing its basic properties. Typical methods to determine the yield and fragment size distribution of cfDNA samples are usually either blind to genomic DNA contamination or the presence of enzymatic inhibitors, which can confound and undermine downstream analyses. Here, we present a novel droplet digital PCR assay to identify suboptimal samples and aberrant cfDNA size distributions, the latter typically associated with high levels of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). Our assay was designed to promiscuously cross-amplify members of the human olfactory receptor (OR) gene family and includes a customizable diploid locus for the determination of absolute cfDNA concentrations. We demonstrate here the utility of our assay to estimate the yield and quality of cfDNA extracts and deduce fragment size distributions that correlate well with those inferred by capillary electrophoresis and high throughput sequencing. The assay described herein is a powerful tool to establish quality controls and stratify cfDNA samples based on presumed ctDNA levels, then facilitating the implementation of robust, cost-effective and standardized analytical workflows into clinical practice.
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16
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Liu K, Tong H, Li T, Chen Y, Mao X. Potential value of circulating tumor DNA in gynecological tumors. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:3225-3233. [PMID: 32774696 PMCID: PMC7407692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Though the survival of patients with gynecological tumors has been significantly prolonged by radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and other treatments, the way to improve the patients' life quality still needs investigation. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), which contains tumor genetic information, has the potential in early diagnosis of malignancies due to its high consistency with tumor tissues. Using the key words including "digital PCR", "ctDNA", "technology of digital PCR", and "detection method", "gynecological tumor", we retrieved the original articles and reviews in PubMed and WEB OF SCI database published before May 10, 2019 and performed a thorough review of them. The analysis of ctDNA could provide a comprehensive description of tumor genome, overcome the heterogeneity of tissue biopsy, and supplement the missing mutations in tissue samples. Furthermore, ctDNA could be used as a target of liquid biopsy. Our study also showed that digital PCR technology has a good potential to detect ctDNA in gynecological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Taiping Li
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Waki K, Yokomizo K, Kawano K, Tsuda N, Komatsu N, Yamada A. Integrity of plasma DNA is inversely correlated with vaccine-induced antitumor immunity in ovarian cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2001-2007. [PMID: 32393999 PMCID: PMC7222063 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy including vaccine therapy is a promising modality for cancer treatment, but few patients show its clinical benefits currently. The identification of biomarkers that can identify patients who will benefit from cancer immunotherapy is thus important. Here, we investigated the potential utility of the circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) integrity—a ratio of necrotic cell-derived, longer DNA fragments versus apoptotic cell-derived shorter fragments of Alu gene—as a biomarker of vaccine therapy for patients with ovarian cancer. We analyzed plasma samples from 39 patients with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer enrolled in clinical trials for personalized peptide vaccinations. We observed that (1) the cfDNA integrity was decreased after the first cycle of vaccination, and (2) the decreased levels of cfDNA integrity were correlated with vaccine-induced immune responses; i.e., decreased cfDNA integrity was observed in 91.7% and 59.3% of the IgG-positive and negative patients, respectively (p = 0.0445). Similarly, decreased cfDNA integrity was observed in 92.9% and 56.0% of CTL response-positive and negative patients, respectively (p = 0.0283). These results suggest that the circulating cfDNA integrity is a possible biomarker for cancer vaccine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Waki
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kanako Yokomizo
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kouichiro Kawano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Komatsu
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Yamada
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.
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Alekseeva LA, Sen'kova AV, Zenkova MA, Mironova NL. Targeting Circulating SINEs and LINEs with DNase I Provides Metastases Inhibition in Experimental Tumor Models. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:50-61. [PMID: 32146418 PMCID: PMC7058713 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated cell-free DNAs (cfDNAs) are found to play some important roles at different stages of tumor progression; they are involved in the transformation of normal cells and contribute to tumor migration and invasion. DNase I is considered a promising cancer cure, due to its ability to degrade cfDNAs. Previous studies using murine tumor models have proved the high anti-metastatic potential of DNase I. Later circulating cfDNAs, especially tandem repeats associated with short-interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and long-interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), have been found to be the enzyme's main molecular targets. Here, using Lewis lung carcinoma, melanoma B16, and lymphosarcoma RLS40 murine tumor models, we reveal that tumor progression is accompanied by an increase in the level of SINE and LINEs in the pool of circulating cfDNAs. Treatment with DNase I decreased in the number and area of metastases by factor 3-10, and the size of the primary tumor node by factor 1.5-2, which correlated with 5- to 10-fold decreasing SINEs and LINEs. We demonstrated that SINEs and LINEs from cfDNA of tumor-bearing mice are able to penetrate human cells. The results show that SINEs and LINEs could be important players in metastasis, and this allows them to be considered as attractive new targets for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila A Alekseeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V Sen'kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Marina A Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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19
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Yu Z, Qin S, Wang H. Alter circulating cell-free DNA variables in plasma of ovarian cancer patients. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:2237-2242. [PMID: 31502389 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Liquid biopsy shows great potential in the fields of early diagnosis and prognosis in cancer. Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most common cancer and the eighth most common cause of death from cancer in women. The early diagnosis of OC is vital for subsequent treatment and outcome. Here we investigated two markers: cell-free DNA concentration (cfDNA conc) and cell-free DNA integrity (cfDI) between OC patients and healthy controls. METHODS Age-matched OC patients and healthy controls were enrolled in this study. In total, there are 20 patients and 20 healthy controls. cfDNA conc and cfDI were calculated by arthrobacter luteus (ALU) gene using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS An increased cfDNA conc in OC patients compared to healthy controls was observed (mean cfDNA conc for OC patients: 1.98 ng/μL, for healthy control: 0.51 ng/μL, P = 0.02). For cfDI, the median value of OC patients is 0.49 while the median value of healthy control is 0.61 (P = 0.038). The diagnostic value of area under the curve was 0.86 for cfDNA conc and 0.72 for cfDI. When cfDNA conc and cfDI were combined, the diagnostic value was 0.90 which indicates a good diagnostic marker. CONCLUSION As few reports of cfDNA conc and cfDI differences between OC patients and healthy controls reported, our study shows increased cfDNA concentrations and decreased cfDI in OC patients compared to healthy controls. We also propose that cfDNA biomarkers can be potential diagnostic markers in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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20
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Jiang Y, Zong W, Ju S, Jing R, Cui M. Promising member of the short interspersed nuclear elements ( Alu elements): mechanisms and clinical applications in human cancers. J Med Genet 2019; 56:639-645. [PMID: 30852527 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alu elements are one of most ubiquitous repetitive sequences in human genome, which were considered as the junk DNA in the past. Alu elements have been found to be associated with human diseases including cancers via events such as amplification, insertion, recombination or RNA editing, which provide a new perspective of oncogenesis at both DNA and RNA levels. Due to the prevalent distribution, Alu elements are widely used as target molecule of liquid biopsy. Alu-based cell-free DNA shows feasible application value in tumour diagnosis, postoperative monitoring and adjuvant therapy. In this review, the special tumourigenesis mechanism of Alu elements in human cancers is discussed, and the application of Alu elements in various tumour liquid biopsy is summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Medical college, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Medical college, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Jing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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