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Michalkova R, Mirossay L, Gazdova M, Kello M, Mojzis J. Molecular Mechanisms of Antiproliferative Effects of Natural Chalcones. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112730. [PMID: 34073042 PMCID: PMC8198114 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the important progress in cancer treatment in the past decades, the mortality rates in some types of cancer have not significantly decreased. Therefore, the search for novel anticancer drugs has become a topic of great interest. Chalcones, precursors of flavonoid synthesis in plants, have been documented as natural compounds with pleiotropic biological effects including antiproliferative/anticancer activity. This article focuses on the knowledge on molecular mechanisms of antiproliferative action of chalcones and draws attention to this group of natural compounds that may be of importance in the treatment of cancer disease. Abstract Although great progress has been made in the treatment of cancer, the search for new promising molecules with antitumor activity is still one of the greatest challenges in the fight against cancer due to the increasing number of new cases each year. Chalcones (1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one), the precursors of flavonoid synthesis in higher plants, possess a wide spectrum of biological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer. A plethora of molecular mechanisms of action have been documented, including induction of apoptosis, autophagy, or other types of cell death, cell cycle changes, and modulation of several signaling pathways associated with cell survival or death. In addition, blockade of several steps of angiogenesis and proteasome inhibition has also been documented. This review summarizes the basic molecular mechanisms related to the antiproliferative effects of chalcones, focusing on research articles from the years January 2015–February 2021.
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Fernandes NAR, Camilli AC, Maldonado LAG, Pacheco CGP, Silva AF, Molon RS, Spolidorio LC, Ribeiro de Assis L, Regasini LO, Rossa Junior C, Guimarães-Stabili MR. Chalcone T4, a novel chalconic compound, inhibits inflammatory bone resorption in vivo and suppresses osteoclastogenesis in vitro. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:569-578. [PMID: 33641160 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effect of a novel synthetic chalcone, Chalcone T4, on a murine model of periodontitis and on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. BACKGROUND Chalcones are natural compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, and its synthetic analogs with enhanced biological effects have potential as therapeutic agents. Periodontitis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the periodontium and alveolar bone resorption. Safe and effective anti-inflammatory agents can have an important additive effect in the treatment in this disease. METHODS Periodontitis was induced via the installation of a ligature around the first molar. Rats (n = 32) received Chalcone T4 (5 and 50 mg/kg) or distilled water by gavage daily for 15 days. Outcomes assessed were bone resorption (μCT), TNF-α production (ELISA), cellular infiltrate, and collagen content (stereometric analysis, CD45+ cells by immunohistochemistry), and activation of NFATc1 and NF-kB (immunohistochemistry). In vitro, RAW 264.7 were treated with Chalcone T4 and stimulated with RANKL for assessment of osteoclast differentiation (actin ring staining) and activity (pit assay). RESULTS Chalcone T4 significantly reduced periodontitis-associated bone resorption, as well as the cellular infiltrate, while increasing the collagen content. Production of TNF-α, infiltration of CD45-positive cells, and NF-kB activation were markedly reduced. In vitro, chalcone T4 inhibited both osteoclast differentiation and activity. CONCLUSION Chalcone T4 significantly inhibited alveolar bone resorption and inflammation in vivo and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro, suggesting a therapeutic role for this compound in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Constantino Camilli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Andrea Gonzalez Maldonado
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cindy Grace Pérez Pacheco
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Favoreto Silva
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Scaf Molon
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ribeiro de Assis
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Octavio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rossa Junior
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Lee HJ, Pham PC, Pei H, Lim B, Hyun SY, Baek B, Kim B, Kim Y, Kim MH, Kang NW, Min HY, Kim DD, Lee J, Lee HY. Development of the phenylpyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine-based, insulin-like growth factor receptor/Src/AXL-targeting small molecule kinase inhibitor. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1918-1936. [PMID: 33408789 PMCID: PMC7778606 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) signaling pathway plays key roles in the development and progression of numerous types of human cancers, and Src and AXL have been found to confer resistance to anti-IGF-1R therapies. Hence, co-targeting Src and AXL may be an effective strategy to overcome resistance to anti-IGF-1R therapies. However, pharmacologic targeting of these three kinases may result in enhanced toxicity. Therefore, the development of novel multitarget anticancer drugs that block IGF-1R, Src, and AXL is urgently needed. Methods: We synthesized a series of phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP)-based compounds, wherein the PP module was conjugated with 2,4-bis-arylamino-1,3-pyrimidines (I2) via a copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction. To develop IGF-1R/Src/AXL-targeting small molecule kinase inhibitors, we selected LL6 as an active compound and evaluated its antitumor and antimetastatic effects in vitro and in vivo using the MTT assay, colony formation assays, migration assay, flow cytometric analysis, a tumor xenograft model, the KrasG12D/+-driven spontaneous lung tumorigenesis model, and a spontaneous metastasis model using Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) allografts. We also determined the toxicity of LL6 in vitro and in vivo. Results: LL6 induced apoptosis and suppressed viability and colony-forming capacities of various non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and their sublines with drug resistance. LL6 also suppressed the migration of NSCLC cells at nontoxic doses. Administration of LL6 in mice significantly suppressed the growth of NSCLC xenograft tumors and metastasis of LLC allograft tumors with outstanding toxicity profiles. Furthermore, the multiplicity, volume, and load of lung tumors in KrasG12D/+ transgenic mice were substantially reduced by the LL6 treatment. Conclusions: Our results show the potential of LL6 as a novel IGF-1R/Src/AXL-targeting small molecule kinase inhibitor, providing a new avenue for anticancer therapies.
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Grimberg DC, Shah A, Tan WP, Etienne W, Spasojevic I, Inman BA. Hyperthermia Improves Solubility of Intravesical Chemotherapeutic Agents. Bladder Cancer 2020; 6:461-470. [PMID: 36118287 PMCID: PMC9441059 DOI: 10.3233/blc-200350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nearly 70% of all new cases of bladder cancer are non-muscle invasive disease, the treatment for which includes transurethral resection followed by intravesical therapy. Unfortunately, recurrence rates approach 50% in part due to poor intravesical drug delivery. Hyperthermia is frequently used as an adjunct to intravesical chemotherapy to improve drug delivery and response to treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess the solubility profile of intravesical chemotherapies under varying conditions of pH and temperature. METHODS: Using microplate laser nephelometry we measured the solubility of three intravesical chemotherapy agents (mitomycin C, gemcitabine, and cisplatin) at varying physical conditions. Drugs were assessed at room temperature (23°C), body temperature (37°C), and 43°C, the temperature used for hyperthermic intravesical treatments. To account for variations in urine pH, solubility was also investigated at pH 4.00, 6.00, and 8.00. RESULTS: Heat incrementally increased the solubility of all three drugs studied. Conversely, pH largely did not impact solubility aside for gemcitabine which showed slightly reduced solubility at pH 8.00 versus 6.00 or 4.00. Mitomycin C at the commonly used 2.0 mg/mL was insoluble at room temperature, but soluble at both 37 and 43°C. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperthermia as an adjunct to intravesical treatment would improve drug solubility, and likely drug delivery as some current regimens are insoluble without heat. Improvements in solubility also allow for testing of alternative administration regimens to improve drug delivery or tolerability. Further studies are needed to confirm that improvements in solubility result in increased drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic C. Grimberg
- Division of Urology, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ankeet Shah
- Division of Urology, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei Phin Tan
- Division of Urology, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wiguins Etienne
- Division of Urology, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brant A. Inman
- Division of Urology, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Iordache AM, Docea AO, Buga AM, Zlatian O, Ciurea ME, Rogoveanu OC, Burada F, Sosoi S, Mitrut R, Mamoulakis C, Albulescu D, Vasile RC, Tsatsakis A, Calina D. Sildenafil and tadalafil reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy by modulating the oxidant/antioxidant balance in a murine model. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:111038. [PMID: 31825855 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential protective role of sildenafil and tadalafil in contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) by modulating oxidative stress. Thirty Wistar male rats were equally assigned into five groups: sham, CIN, CIN + sildenafil (10 mg/kg bw/day), CIN + tadalafil (5 mg/kg bw/day) and CIN + N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) (100 mg/kg bw/day) as a positive control. CIN was induced by 12 h dehydration and administration of indomethacin (10 mg/kg bw), N-ω- nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10 mg/kg bw), and iopromide (3 g/kg bw iodine). Blood was drawn prior to and 24 h after CIN induction for evaluating renal function and oxidative stress. In the CIN group, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly decreased; and protein carbonyl (PROTC) and thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS) were significantly increased compared to the sham group. Pre- Sildenafil and tadalafil pre-treatment reduced CIN risk and reversed oxidative stress almost to the sham group levels. These results suggest that PDE5Is can be good candidates for preventing CIN based on their ability to modulate the oxidant/antioxidant balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Mihai Iordache
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ana Maria Buga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Zlatian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Marius Eugen Ciurea
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Otilia Constantina Rogoveanu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Florin Burada
- Department of Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Simona Sosoi
- Department of Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Radu Mitrut
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania; Department of Cardiology, University and Emergency Hospital, 050098, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Dana Albulescu
- Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ramona Constantina Vasile
- Department of Epidemiology and Primary Healthcare, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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Duan X, Qin G. Notch inhibitor mitigates renal ischemia‑reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:583-588. [PMID: 31974606 PMCID: PMC6947829 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus can exacerbate renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (RI/RI) in diabetic rats. Previous studies have shown that Notch signaling is involved in renal disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the Notch inhibitor γ-secretase N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) on RI/RI in a streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. STZ-induced diabetic rats were randomly grouped for different treatments. Cisplatin was used to trigger the Notch signaling pathway and the animals were preconditioned with DAPT to block the signaling pathway. Renal function, oxidative stress and inflammatory factors were examined. DAPT-treated diabetic rats demonstrated mitigated renal injury and function, antioxidative activity was significantly improved and HIF-1a was upregulated. Notch inhibitor DAPT is a potential therapeutic target to improve the outcome of RI/RI in STZ-induced diabetic rats in part via the regulation of anti-oxidation and HIF-1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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