1
|
Martinelli A, Moncalieri G, Zamparini M, Alessandri G, Vittorio Caprara G, Castelnuovo G, Rocchetti M, Starace F, Zarbo C, de Girolamo G. Positivity, daily time use, mood, and functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Results from the diapason multicentric study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:319-329. [PMID: 38054430 PMCID: PMC10913309 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231212868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positivity (POS) indicates the proclivity to see life and experiences in a positive light. There is limited research on its effects on individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). Very little is known about the relationship between POS and daily activities in people with SSD. AIM The study aims to compare the POS rated by patients with SSD with those obtained in an Italian normative sample matched by age and sex and to use the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to investigate the association between POS and daily time use (i.e. productive activities, leisure activities), functioning and mood in individuals with SSD. METHOD 620 SSD patients were recruited from mental health services in Italy as part of the DiAPAson project. POS, symptom severity, functioning, and quality of life (QoL) were assessed. POS scores were compared to a normative sample of 5,002 Italian citizens. Additionally, a subset of 102 patients underwent 7-day assessments using mobile EMA. RESULTS People with SSD did not significantly differ from the Italian normative sample in POS levels (0.035, p = .190). POS showed a significant inverse association with support network (-0.586, p = .036) and symptomatology (BPRS -0.101; 95% p < .001; BNSS B = -0.113, p < .001). A significant direct association was found between POS and QoL (B = 0.310, p < .001) and functioning (B = 0.058, p < .001). In the subsample using EMA, POS ratings showed significant associations with Positive Emotions (B = 0.167, p < .001) and Negative Emotions (B = -0.201, p < .001). CONCLUSION People with SSD exhibited comparable levels of POS to the normative sample. Higher POS was linked to better functioning, QoL, fewer severe symptoms, and increased positive emotions. However, it did not relate to increased productivity or engagement in leisure activities. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between POS and time use in individuals with SSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Martinelli
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Moncalieri
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Manuel Zamparini
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Matteo Rocchetti
- Department of Mental Health and Dependence, ASST of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Starace
- Department of Mental Health and Dependence, AUSL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Zarbo
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Girolamo
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Farnese ML, Spagnoli P, Livi S. Undergraduates' academic socialization. A cross-time analysis. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 92:1239-1255. [PMID: 35274739 PMCID: PMC9790489 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socialization practices support undergraduates' transitional processes when beginning their academic careers and afterwards. Anyhow, the absence of specific socialization measures for academic contexts does not allow Universities to assess it. AIMS The present study aimed to contribute to the socialization literature by proposing a reliable measure (USQ, Undergraduate Socialization Questionnaire) specific for the academic context, that is, reflecting the same construct at different developmental stages. METHOD AND SAMPLES Based on an organizational socialization scale (NSQ; Haueter al., 2003, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 20), we examined in Study One the USQ's three-factor structure (task, group, organization) (n. 451 undergraduates) and, in Study Two, we tested the construct invariance across time, comparing undergraduates' developmental changes through a two-wave longitudinal design (n.185 undergraduates attending their first and their second year). RESULTS Findings supported both the USQ's dimensionality and measurement invariance, thus ensuring that the same underlying construct is being assessed, and its concurrent and predictive validity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results showed that USQ is a reliable instrument useful to monitor the effectiveness of undergraduates' adjustment process, also allowing comparison between specific groups of students or longitudinal comparison to evaluate their career development or the effectiveness of policies targeted to reduce the risk of marginalization and dropout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Spagnoli
- Department of PsychologyUniversità della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”CasertaItaly
| | - Stefano Livi
- Department of Development and Social PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dunham CM, Burger AJ, Hileman BM, Chance EA, Lisko P. Effect of contemplating patient care spiritual flow principles and mindfulness on trauma center nurses' wellbeing: a pilot trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA 2021; 11:477-485. [PMID: 35111383 PMCID: PMC8784743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trauma nurses commonly encounter stress and burnout and have increased negative affect states and decreased positive affect traits. This study investigated whether trauma center nurses would have improvements in wellbeing scores after reading and contemplating Spiritual Flow: Pathways to Proficient Patient Care and Nurse & Physician Wellbeing (Spiritual Flow). Trauma center surgical intensive care unit nurses completed a baseline and follow-up survey before and after reading and contemplating Spiritual Flow, which provides insights into spirituality and mindfulness. The survey contained four positive affect (PA) items, each rated 1-very little to 5-extremely, that were summed to create a PA score (PAS). The seven negative affect (NA) survey items were similarly rated and reverse coded, 1-extremely to 5-very little, to create a nonstress score (NSS). The PAS (4-20) and NSS (7-35) were summed to create a wellbeing score (WS). Nurses rated the degree to which they felt more peaceful or inspired after contemplating the book. Thirty-seven of 39 (95%) routine nursing staff members completed both surveys. Follow-up values increased for WS (P = 0.0001) and NSS (P = 0.0001) after reading and contemplating Spiritual Flow compared to baseline values. No changes occurred for PAS (P = 0.1606). Because 16% of nurses had a high PAS on the baseline survey, further analyses were performed on the other 84%. Significantly increased values were noted on follow-up for PAS (P = 0.0171), NSS (P = 0.0015), and WS (P = 0.0003) compared to baseline scores. Of 37 nurses, 24 (64.9%) rated feeling more peaceful and/or inspired as moderately or quite a bit. This pilot study suggests that contemplating Spiritual Flow was associated with improvements in surgical intensive care trauma center nurse wellbeing. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in an investigation that includes a control group and randomization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Dunham
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery Services, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital1044 Belmont Ave, Youngstown OH 44501, USA
| | - Amanda J Burger
- Behavioral Medicine, St. Elizabeth Family Medicine Residency1044 Belmont Ave, Youngstown OH 44501, USA
| | - Barbara M Hileman
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research Department, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital1044 Belmont Ave, Youngstown OH 44501, USA
| | - Elisha A Chance
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research Department, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital1044 Belmont Ave, Youngstown OH 44501, USA
| | - Paul Lisko
- Pastoral Services, St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church7345 Westview Dr, Boardman OH 44512, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
I don’t feel positive, but you are: Every issue can be settled! The role of self and others’ positivity in the perception of intragroup conflict at work. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
5
|
A Soft Systems Approach to Knowledge Worker Productivity: A Purposeful Activity Model for the Individual. ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/admsci11040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This research attempted to find and define holistic systems that affect the productivity of the knowledge worker (KW), using the soft systems methodology (SSM). It is not enough to look at the management and improvement of knowledge worker productivity (KWP) from the viewpoint of the organization. The viewpoint of the individual KW needs to be considered as well. The KW owns the means of production; they carry their knowledge in their heads and take it with them when changing jobs. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that describes the process in which the KW uses resources to execute actions to create tangible or intangible artifacts with the intention of generating value. It was based on interpretations and inferences made from an extensive literature review using the snowballing method. This paper highlights what implications the lessons learned from the conceptual framework have on managing and improving KWP and delves deeper into four key concepts: value in knowledge work, knowledge, personal resources, and competencies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Perinelli E, Alessandri G, Cepale G, Fraccaroli F. The sociometer theory at work: Exploring the organizational interpersonal roots of self‐esteem. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Perinelli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science University of Trento Rovereto Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Cepale
- Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Franco Fraccaroli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science University of Trento Rovereto Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Within-individual relations of emotional, social, and work self-efficacy beliefs to organizational citizenship behaviors. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
Alessandri G, Perinelli E, Robins RW, Vecchione M, Filosa L. Personality trait change at work: Associations with organizational socialization and identification. J Pers 2020; 88:1217-1234. [PMID: 32512621 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates associations between Big Five personality trait change, organizational socialization, and organizational identification during a 3-year police officer training program (N = 416 police officer cadets). METHOD Participants completed a questionnaire measuring the Big Five personality traits when they entered the training academy, and then, completed the same personality questionnaire, along with measures of organizational socialization and identification, during their 2nd (n = 360) and 3rd (n = 397) year of training. RESULTS Results corroborated the hypotheses that (a) the Big Five traits can show systematic changes even across a relatively short time period and (b) this change is functional, given that the latent difference scores of all Big Five traits significantly predicted increases in organizational socialization and identification. CONCLUSION The Big five personality traits showed significant mean level changes across the 3-year training program. Although these changes were not fully consistent with theoretical expectations, they did predict two aspects of organizational adjustment (socialization and identification). The theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Alessandri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Perinelli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Richard W Robins
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michele Vecchione
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Filosa
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sadeghi Avval Shahr H, Yazdani S, Afshar L. Professional socialization: an analytical definition. J Med Ethics Hist Med 2020; 12:17. [PMID: 32328230 PMCID: PMC7166248 DOI: 10.18502/jmehm.v12i17.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Professional socialization is defined as a process through which a person becomes a legitimate member of a professional society. This will have a great impact on an individual’s professional conduct and morality. The aim of this study was to clarify this concept and reduce the ambiguities around it. This was a qualitative research through which the concept of professional socialization was analyzed using Walker and Avant’s eight-step approach. The review of literature for this concept was done using electronic database without any time limitation. The overall search produced about 780 articles, and after reviewing these articles, 21 were selected purposefully. Based on concept analysis, we propose the following analytical definition: Professional socialization is a nonlinear, continuous, interactive, transformative, personal, psychosocial and self-reinforcing process that is formed through internalization of the specific culture of a professional community, and can be affected by individual, organizational and interactional factors. This definition is in accordance with the interactionism perspective. Existence of a particular profession and getting involved in a community of practice are the antecedents of this process, and formation of professional identity and professional development are its consequences. A case model, as well as borderline and related cases, has been introduced for this concept. The results of this study can be used to design useful educational interventions to conduct and facilitate the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Homa Sadeghi Avval Shahr
- PhD Candidate in Medical Education, School of Management and Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Yazdani
- Professor, School of Management and Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Afshar
- Associate Professor, Department of Medical Ethics, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Livi S, De Cristofaro V, Theodorou A, Rullo M, Piccioli V, Pozzi M. When motivation is not enough: Effects of prosociality and organizational socialization in volunteers’ intention to continue volunteering. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Livi
- Department of Social and Developmental PsychologyUniversity of Rome “Sapienza” Italy
| | - Valeria De Cristofaro
- Department of Social and Developmental PsychologyUniversity of Rome “Sapienza” Italy
| | - Annalisa Theodorou
- Department of Social and Developmental PsychologyUniversity of Rome “Sapienza” Italy
| | - Marika Rullo
- School of PsychologyUniversity of Kent Great Britain
| | - Valerio Piccioli
- Department of Social and Developmental PsychologyUniversity of Rome “Sapienza” Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|