1
|
Sandri E, Borghesi D, Cantín Larumbe E, Cerdá Olmedo G, Vega-Bello MJ, Bernalte Martí V. Intermittent Fasting: Socio-Economic Profile of Spanish Citizens Who Practice It and the Influence of This Dietary Pattern on the Health and Lifestyle Habits of the Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:2028. [PMID: 38999776 PMCID: PMC11243379 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a dietary approach that has gained popularity in recent years. More and more Spanish people are following this eating pattern, which consists of alternating periods of fasting with periods of food intake. Its benefits include improved metabolic and vascular health and weight loss. OBJECTIVES 1. To study the prevalence of IF among the Spanish population. 2. To explore how demographic factors influence the choice to adopt this dietary approach. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the Spanish population using the NutSo-HH questionnaire, which was constructed, validated, and disseminated by the research team through a non-probabilistic snowball sampling approach, collecting socio-demographic data and nutritional, social and lifestyle habits of the population. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A valid sample of 22,181 people participated, of whom 4.59% (n = 1018) said they practiced IF. The data show that more middle-aged men than women practice IF. In addition, individuals who follow IF methods are less likely to have no control over their food intake, are less scared to gain weight and have a higher body image, but no differences were found related to unhealthy food and nights out. There were also no significant differences in terms of the level of education, income, size of municipality, or region of residence. In conclusion, a person who practices IF seems to have adopted a healthier lifestyle and social habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sandri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.); (G.C.O.)
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniele Borghesi
- Master’s Degree in Data Science and Business Informatics, University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Eva Cantín Larumbe
- Degree in Data Science, Polytechnical University of Valencia, Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Germán Cerdá Olmedo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.); (G.C.O.)
| | - María Jesús Vega-Bello
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.); (G.C.O.)
| | - Vicente Bernalte Martí
- Predepartmental Nursing Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee K. Weight Loss Attempts Increased in Korean Adults from 2005 to 2021, Excluding Those with Obesity. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:39-48. [PMID: 37816241 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies on trends in the proportions of past-year weight loss attempts among Asian adults are limited. Our hypotheses were that trends in the proportions would increase and sociodemographic, weight, and health-related factors would be associated with these attempts. Methods: Using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2021, this study evaluated the trends and their related factors among Korean adults. Complex sample design analyses were applied to the data of 80,160 adults. Results: The weighted proportion of past-year weight loss attempts increased from 35.2% in 2005 to 41.3% in 2021. The proportion of past-year weight loss attempts increased for individuals with nonobese body mass index (BMIs) (<25 kg/m2), decreased for males with obese BMIs (≥25 kg/m2), and did not change for females with obese BMIs. A multivariate-adjusted model showed that the proportion of weight loss attempts decreased for males and increased for females over the 16-year period [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval): males, 0.993 (0.988-0.998); females, 1.013 (1.009-1.017)]. The OR of weight loss attempts was higher for females, younger individuals, and those with higher economic status, higher BMIs, self-perceived larger body shapes, self-rated better health, and chronic diseases. These characteristics decreased the odds of individuals with obese BMIs making no weight loss attempts. Conclusions: The proportion of past-year weight loss attempts increased over the 16-year period among all participants, but a declining trend was observed for those with obesity. In addition to BMI, socioeconomic factors, subjective perceptions of body shape, and health-related factors were related to weight loss attempts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kobe EA, Crowley MJ, Jeffreys AS, Yancy WS, Zervakis J, Edelman D, Voils CI, Maciejewski ML, Coffman CJ. Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Elevated Body Mass Index in a Study Comparing Group Medical Visits Focused on Weight Management and Medication Intensification. Med Care 2021; 59:1031-1038. [PMID: 34510104 PMCID: PMC8516740 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Illuminating heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) within trials is important for identifying target populations for implementation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine HTE in a trial of group medical visits (GMVs) for patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated body mass index. RESEARCH DESIGN AND MEASURES Participants (n=263) were randomized to GMV-based medication management plus low carbohydrate diet-focused weight management (WM/GMV; n=127) or GMV-based medication management alone (GMV; n=136) for diabetes control. We used QUalitative INteraction Trees, a tree-based clustering method, to identify subgroups with greater improvement in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and weight from either WM/GMV or GMV. Subgroup predictors included 32 baseline demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors. Internal validation was conducted to estimate bias in the range of mean outcome differences between arms. RESULTS QUalitative INteraction Trees analyses indicated that for patients who had not previously attempted weight loss, WM/GMV resulted in better glycemic control than GMV (mean difference in HbA1c improvement=1.48%). For patients who had previously attempted weight loss and had lower cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen, GMV was better than WM/GMV (mean difference in HbA1c improvement=1.51%). No treatment-subgroup effects were identified for weight. Internal validation resulted in moderate corrections in mean HbA1c differences between arms; however, differences remained in the clinically significant range. CONCLUSION This work represents a novel step toward targeting care approaches for patients to maximize benefit based on individual patient characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J. Crowley
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Amy S. Jeffreys
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
| | - William S. Yancy
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Duke Lifestyle and Weight Management Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jennifer Zervakis
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
| | - David Edelman
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Corrine I. Voils
- William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Matthew L. Maciejewski
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Cynthia J. Coffman
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bringsén Å, Sjöbeck J, Petersson P. Nursing staff's experience of appearance issues in various nursing situations. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:204. [PMID: 34670528 PMCID: PMC8527644 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health care professionals frequently interact with unknown patients in a process involving appearance-based judgements and priority-setting, all of which has an effect on health care equality. The healthcare provider–patient interaction is also highly relevant for the awareness and support of patients’ appearance concerns, with an associated possibility for improving patients’ satisfaction with their appearance and health. The aim was therefore to explore nursing staff’s experience of patients’ appearance issues in various nursing situations, with the purpose to facilitate awareness raising and knowledge development. Method A qualitative research approach with focus group interviews was chosen due to the exploratory aim of the study. Five semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 24 nursing staff in total (19 women and five men). The participants’ ages varied (20 to 45 years) as did their professional nursing experience. The interviews lasted approximately one hour, were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed through thematic analysis. Results The thematic analysis resulted in the two themes Patient perspective and Professional nursing role, with associated subthemes. The findings showed the importance and impact of appearance issues in nursing situations and how these are linked to the health of the patients. Some groups of patients were identified as more vulnerable than others, which was associated with health care inequalities and health disparities. Value-based strategies along with knowledge, and skills for holistic person-centred care were identified as important resources for the development of appearance-related awareness and support in various nursing situations. Conclusion Strategies for improvement can be realised through the educational system for nursing staff, but mainly by using collective reflective learning forums in different workplaces. An empowerment approach is considered a useful framework for the implementation of holistic person-centred care, functioning as a resource for appearance-related awareness and support in various nursing situations. However, more research is needed on the complex and challenging phenomenon of appearance issues in nursing situations. Knowledge development related to successful person-centred strategies for appearance-related awareness and support is important, especially strategies with a salutogenic perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Bringsén
- Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Sjöbeck
- Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Pia Petersson
- Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bärebring L, Palmqvist M, Winkvist A, Augustin H. Gender differences in perceived food healthiness and food avoidance in a Swedish population-based survey: a cross sectional study. Nutr J 2020; 19:140. [PMID: 33375947 PMCID: PMC7772926 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this work was to study potential gender differences in perceived food healthiness and food avoidance in a population-representative sample of the Swedish adult population. METHODS A questionnaire regarding diet and health was posted to 2000 randomly selected residents in Sweden, aged 20-65 years. Questions were posed regarding which foods or food components the participants avoided due to perceived unhealthiness and how healthy they believed the food items to be. The pre-specified food components included sugar, carbohydrate, gluten, lactose, dairy, fat, saturated fat, red meat, white flour, salt, alcohol and food additives (specifically glutamate, sweetening, preservative and coloring agents). Chi square tests were used to study differences in perceived food healthiness and food avoidance depending on gender. RESULTS Around 50% reported avoidance of sugar (51.6%) and sweeting agents (45.2%), whereas fewer reported avoidance of saturated fat (16.8%) and salt (10.6%). Women were more likely than men to avoid gluten (AOR [95% CI] 2.84 [1.33-6.05]), red meat (3.29 [1.86-5.80]), white flour (2.64 [1.65-4.21]), preservatives (1.7 [1.07-2.70]) and coloring agents (2.10 [1.29-3.41]) due to perceived unhealthiness. Gender differences were also apparent in perceived healthiness of sugar, gluten, dairy, red meat, white flour, alcohol and food additives, where women tended to be more negative than men in their attitudes. Women more often said to read new findings in media about diet (16% vs 9%, p = 0.029) and prioritize a healthy lifestyle (35% vs 25%, p = 0.015). More than a third of both women and men reported worrying over the healthiness of their diet, and a higher proportion of women than men (18% vs 11%, p = 0.015) agreed with the statement that they were often anxious over having an unhealthy diet. CONCLUSIONS Women in this population-based study of residents in Sweden were more likely than men to avoid eating gluten, red meat, white flour and food additives due to perceived unhealthiness, and reported more diet and health related anxiety. Future research to identify effective ways of promoting healthy eating for both women and men, while minimizing diet-health related anxiety, is highly warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Bärebring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Maria Palmqvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Augustin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molarius A, Lindén‐Boström M, Karlsson J. Desire to lose weight and need of weight loss support in the adult population-Results from a cross-sectional study in Sweden. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:373-381. [PMID: 32874672 PMCID: PMC7448151 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence-based methods to lose weight are important in tackling increasing obesity trends in adult populations. More knowledge about persons who want to lose weight and do not/do need weight loss support is necessary to design effective preventive practices. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of desire to lose weight in the general population and the prevalence of health problems and health-related factors in persons with overweight or obesity who want to lose weight and believe that they do not/do need weight loss support. METHODS The study included 14 126 persons aged 30 to 69 years who responded to a questionnaire sent to a random sample. Persons with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were divided into three groups: those who do not want to lose weight (n = 1236), those who want to lose weight but do not believe they need support (n = 5484), and those who want to lose weight and believe they need weight loss support (n = 1462). RESULTS In total, 69% of the women and 59% of the men reported that they wanted to lose weight. The prevalence of hypertension, musculoskeletal pain, poor self-rated health, anxiety/worry, and depression was highest among persons with overweight or obesity who wanted to lose weight and believed they need weight loss support. They were also more physically inactive and reported less social support. CONCLUSIONS To want to lose weight is very common among adults. People with overweight or obesity who want to lose weight and believe they need weight loss support have higher frequency of various health problems, including mental health problems, and less social support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Molarius
- Centre for Clinical ResearchRegion VärmlandKarlstadSweden
- Department of Public Health SciencesKarlstad UniversityKarlstadSweden
| | | | - Jan Karlsson
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huseinovic E, Hörnell A, Johansson I, Esberg A, Lindahl B, Winkvist A. Changes in food intake patterns during 2000-2007 and 2008-2016 in the population-based Northern Sweden Diet Database. Nutr J 2019; 18:36. [PMID: 31299991 PMCID: PMC6626352 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Food intake patterns provide a summary of dietary intake. Few studies have examined trends in food intake patterns over time in large, population-based studies. We examined food intake patterns and related sociodemographic and individual characteristics in the large Northern Sweden Diet Database during the two time windows 2000–2007 and 2008–2016. Methods In total, 100 507 participants (51% women) who had filled in a 64-item food frequency questionnaire and provided background and sociodemographic data between 2000 and 2016 were included. Food intake patterns were evaluated for women and men separately for the two time windows 2000–2007 and 2008–2016, respectively. Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct, latent clusters based on 40 food groups. Results Among both women and men, a greater proportion of participants were classified into food intake patterns characterized by high-fat spread and high-fat dairy during 2008–2016 compared to 2000–2007. In the earlier time window, these high-fat clusters were related to lower educational level and smoking. Simultaneously, the proportion of women and men classified into a cluster characterized by high intake of fruit, vegetables, and fibre decreased from the earlier to the later time window. Conclusion From a public health perspective, the increase in clusters with a high conditional mean for high-fat spread and high-fat dairy and decrease in clusters with a high conditional mean for fruit and vegetables, during the time period 2008–2016 compared to 2000–2007, is worrisome as it indicates a shift away from the recommended food habits. Subgroups of women and men with less healthy dietary patterns in the time window 2008–2016 with lower education, lower age, higher body mass index, lower levels of physical activity and more smoking were identified and future interventions may be targeted towards these groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-019-0464-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ena Huseinovic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Hörnell
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Esberg
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernt Lindahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|