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Ma X, Li G, Shi Y, Shang Z. Rehmapicrogenin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced podocyte injury and kidney dysfunctions by regulating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element signalling. Nephrology (Carlton) 2024; 29:482-494. [PMID: 38837564 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis and oxidative stress in kidneys are critical players in acute kidney injury (AKI). Rehmapicrogenin, a monomeric compound extracted from Rehmanniae radix, has been found to possess nitric oxide inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of rehmapicrogenin in AKI. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce AKI-like conditions. Cell survival conditions were detected by cell counting kit-8 assays and flow cytometry. Several renal function markers including blood urea nitrogen, proteinuria, creatinine, and albumin were measured. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were examined by TUNEL and dihydroethidium staining, respectively. Haematoxylin-eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining were conducted to assess histopathological changes. Gene expression was evaluated by western blotting, commercially available kits and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS For in vitro analysis, rehmapicrogenin inhibited the LPS-induced podocyte apoptosis by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. For in vivo analysis, rehmapicrogenin improved renal functions in LPS-induced mice. Additionally, rehmapicrogenin suppressed LPS-induced podocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress in kidney tissues. Mechanistically, rehmapicrogenin activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway in LPS-induced mice. CONCLUSION Rehmapicrogenin relieves the podocyte injury and renal dysfunctions through activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway to inhibit apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ma
- Nephrology Department, Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guandong Li
- Internal Medicine Department, Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufeng Shi
- Internal Medicine Department, Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhitao Shang
- Internal Medicine Department, Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Qu Z, Wang B, Jin Y, Xiao Q, Zhao Y, Zhao D, Yang L. Shenkang protects renal function in diabetic rats by preserving nephrin expression. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:244. [PMID: 37460931 PMCID: PMC10353195 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shenkang injection has been used clinically to lower creatinine levels. This study explored the mechanism of Shenkang injection on protecting kidney function from hyperglycemia-mediated damage. METHODS This study utilized a STreptoZotocin (STZ)-induced rat model of diabetes. In total, 60 rats were randomized into either the control group (n = 15) injected with vehicle or treatment group (n = 45) injected with STZ to induce hyperglycemia. Eight weeks after diabetes onset, diabetic rats were further randomized to receive different treatments for 4 consecutive weeks, including vehicle (diabetic nephropathy group, n = 15), Shenkang (n = 15), or Valsartan (n = 15). At 12 weeks, a series of urine and blood measures were examined and damage to the kidney tissue was examined using histology. Expression of nephrin and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were characterized using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS Compared to the control group, rats in the diabetic nephropathy group showed significant kidney damage demonstrated by high kidneyindex, high levels of urinary albumin, albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), blood urea nitrogen as well as histological evidence. Shenkang injection significantly improved kidney function in the diabetic rats by decreasing kidney index, ACR, and serum creatinine. Shenkang treatment also mitigated kidney damage, improved nephrin expression, and decreased TGF-β1 expression in the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS Shenkang treatment protected renal function in diabetic rats by increasing nephrin expression, which protects diabetic rats from hyperglycemia-mediated kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Qu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.3302, Jilin Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Biyao Wang
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Yingli Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qingfei Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.3302, Jilin Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.3302, Jilin Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Danning Zhao
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.3302, Jilin Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P.R. China.
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Paradigm shift in lifestyle modification for solitary kidney after donor nephrectomy. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2023; 32:67-75. [PMID: 36444664 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Living donor kidney transplantation potentially leads to long-term complications including chronic kidney disease, end-stage kidney disease, elevated blood pressure, and pregnancy-associated hypertension. Given living donors generally do not have underlying medical conditions, lifestyle modifications, particularly dietary interventions may prevent those complications and improve their health outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Glomerular hyperfiltration occurs as physiologic adaptation during an initial postdonor nephrectomy period. In the long-term, these adaptations may become pathologic consequences resulting from hyperfiltration-mediated kidney injury and ultimately secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the solitary kidney. Dietary interventions to slow a decline in kidney function include low protein intake of <0.8 g/kg/day and low sodium consumption of 2-4 g/day as well as certain health dietary patterns. There is no evidence regarding the quantity and quality of protein that can be recommended for living kidney donors and the same for sodium. Plant Dominant (PLADO) diets, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean, and vegetarian diets may be favorable for living kidney donors with solitary kidney but the evidence is still lacking. SUMMARY Although dietary interventions may provide benefits and kidney health for living kidney donors, further studies including clinical trials are required to incorporate them into clinical practice guidelines.
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Mutsaers HA, Nørregaard R. Prostaglandin E2 receptors as therapeutic targets in renal fibrosis. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:4-13. [PMID: 35108767 PMCID: PMC8816406 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence: Rikke Nørregaard Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark E-mail:
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Huang Q, Liu X, Guo SW. Changing prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2) signaling during lesional progression and exacerbation of endometriosis by inhibition of PGE 2 receptor EP2 and EP4. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 21:e12426. [PMID: 34938150 PMCID: PMC8660993 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the change, if any, in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling in endometriotic lesions of different developmental stages in mouse. In addition, we evaluated the effect of treatment of mice with induced deep endometriosis (DE) with inhibitors of PGE2 receptor subtypes EP2 and EP4 and metformin. Methods Three mouse experimentations were conducted. In Experiment 1, female Balb/C mice were induced with endometriosis or DE and were serially sacrificed after induction. Experiments 2 and 3 evaluated the effect of treatment with EP2 and EP4 inhibitors and metformin, respectively, in mice with induced DE. Immunohistochemistry analysis of COX-2, EP2, and EP4, along with the extent of lesional fibrosis, was evaluated. Results The immunostaining of COX-2, EP2, and EP4 turned from activation to a stall as lesions progressed. Treatment with EP2/EP4 inhibitors in DE mice exacerbated endometriosis-associated hyperalgesia and promoted fibrogenesis in lesions even though it suppressed the PGE2 signaling dose-dependently. In contrast, treatment with metformin resulted in increased PGE2 signaling, concomitant with improved hyperalgesia, and retarded lesional fibrogenesis. Conclusions The PGE2 signaling diminishes as endometriotic lesions progress. Treatment with EP2/EP4 inhibitors in DE mice exacerbates endometriosis, but metformin appears to be promising seemingly through the induction of the PGE2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Huang
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China.,Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Xishi Liu
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases Fudan University Shanghai China
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Wang JC, Gu J, Li Y, Ma Q, Feng J, Lu S. Transforming growth factor-β1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase signaling were involved in effects of prostaglandin E 2 on progression of lower limb varicose veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2021; 9:1535-1544. [PMID: 33482378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The vital pathogenesis of varicose veins includes remodeling of the extracellular matrix and decreased vascular tone. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a small molecule substance and inflammatory medium that belongs to the arachidonic acid derivatives, has the capacity to influence the expression of metalloproteinase and the vascular tone of the venous wall. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of PGE2 in the development of varicose veins in lower limbs. METHODS The collected venous specimens were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, PGE2, CD31, and α-smooth muscle actin antibody were used to detect the expression and distribution of these proteins. The effect of PGE2 on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was detected in vitro. The effect of TGF-β1 on the expression of PGE2 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was assessed using Western blotting. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the effect of PGE2 on the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and other genes. RESULTS The expression of PGE2 and TGF-β1 in varicose veins was upregulated in the media tunica and intima tunica, and a strong positive correlation was found between PGE2 and TGF-β1 expression in both varicose veins (95% confidence interval, 0.5207-0.9582; R = 0.848; P = .0005) and normal veins (95% confidence interval, 0.2530-0.8532; R = 0.643; P = .003). PGE2 promoted the migration and tube formation ability of HUVECs. Moreover, PGE2 also upregulated the expression of MMP-1 and TGF-β1 in HUVECs and increased the mRNA level of inducible NOS. CONCLUSIONS PGE2 can affect the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and reduce the elasticity of the vascular walls by promoting the synthesis of TGF-β1 and MMP-1. PGE2 can also reduce the tension of the great saphenous vein by promoting the expression of inducible NOS, thus aggravating the blood stasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chang Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoying Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Concerted EP2 and EP4 Receptor Signaling Stimulates Autocrine Prostaglandin E 2 Activation in Human Podocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051256. [PMID: 32438662 PMCID: PMC7290667 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular hyperfiltration is an important mechanism in the development of albuminuria. During hyperfiltration, podocytes are exposed to increased fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) in Bowman’s space. Elevated Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis and upregulated cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) are associated with podocyte injury by FFSS. We aimed to elucidate a PGE2 autocrine/paracrine pathway in human podocytes (hPC). We developed a modified liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) protocol to quantify cellular PGE2, 15-keto-PGE2, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 levels. hPC were treated with PGE2 with or without separate or combined blockade of prostaglandin E receptors (EP), EP2, and EP4. Furthermore, the effect of FFSS on COX2, PTGER2, and PTGER4 expression in hPC was quantified. In hPC, stimulation with PGE2 led to an EP2- and EP4-dependent increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and COX2, and induced cellular PGE2. PTGER4 was downregulated after PGE2 stimulation in hPC. In the corresponding LC/ESI-MS/MS in vivo analysis at the tissue level, increased PGE2 and 15-keto-PGE2 levels were observed in isolated glomeruli obtained from a well-established rat model with glomerular hyperfiltration, the Munich Wistar Frömter rat. COX2 and PTGER2 were upregulated by FFSS. Our data thus support an autocrine/paracrine COX2/PGE2 pathway in hPC linked to concerted EP2 and EP4 signaling.
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Wang J, Fu D, Senouthai S, You Y. Critical roles of PI3K/Akt/NF‑κB survival axis in angiotensin II‑induced podocyte injury. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5134-5144. [PMID: 31638199 PMCID: PMC6854545 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that angiotensin (Ang) II, nephrin, and podocin serve pivotal roles in podocyte injury, and thus can lead to the occurrence of proteinuria and the progression of kidney diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ang II on the production of nephrin and podocin, and their relationship with podocyte injury. We also aimed to determine whether nephrin, podocin and caspase-9 production depends on the PI3K/Akt/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in cultured mouse podocytes. We treated mouse podocytes with different doses of Ang II (10−9, 10−8, 10−7 and 10−6 mol/l) for 12, 24, and 48 h to analyse cell viability, and at 10−6 mol/l Ang II for 12, 24, and 48 h to evaluate cell apoptosis. Cells were treated with 10−6 mol/l of Ang II and/or LY294002 (inhibitor of Akt) or 740Y-P (activator of PI3K) for 48 h to detect Akt, phosphorylated (phospho)-Akt, p65 NF-κB, and phospho-p65 NF-κB, nephrin, podocin and caspase-9 expression, and podocyte apoptosis. Treatment with Ang II suppressed the viability and promoted the apoptosis of podocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Ang II decreased phospho-Akt, phospho-p65 NF-κB, nephrin, and podocin and increased caspase-9 expression, while podocyte apoptosis was promoted. LY294002 further enhanced Ang II-induced downregulation of Akt and p65 NF-κB activation, as well as upregulation of caspase-9 mRNA and protein, and promoted the apoptosis of podocytes. Of note, 740Y-P restored Ang II-induced downregulation of Akt and p65 NF-κB activation, and upregulation of caspase-9, and decreased podocyte apoptosis. Interestingly, LY294002 and 740Y-P were determined to have no notable effects on the expression of nephrin and podocin. The data suggested that Ang II could regulate the expression of nephrin, podocin and caspase-9. Collectively, our findings suggested that the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB survival axis may serve a pivotal role in podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Soulixay Senouthai
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
| | - Yanwu You
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, P.R. China
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Jensen MS, Mutsaers HAM, Tingskov SJ, Christensen M, Madsen MG, Olinga P, Kwon T, Nørregaard R. Activation of the prostaglandin E 2 EP 2 receptor attenuates renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstructed mice and human kidney slices. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 227:e13291. [PMID: 31054202 PMCID: PMC6767420 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim Renal fibrosis plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease, which affects 10% of the adult population. Previously, it has been demonstrated that the cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2)/prostaglandin (PG) system influences the progression of renal injury. Here, we evaluated the impact of butaprost, a selective EP2 receptor agonist, on renal fibrosis in several models of kidney injury, including human tissue slices. Methods We studied the anti‐fibrotic efficacy of butaprost using Madin‐Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, mice that underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction and human precision‐cut kidney slices. Fibrogenesis was evaluated on a gene and protein level by qPCR and Western blotting. Results Butaprost (50 μM) reduced TGF‐β‐induced fibronectin (FN) expression, Smad2 phosphorylation and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in MDCK cells. In addition, treatment with 4 mg/kg/day butaprost attenuated the development of fibrosis in mice that underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction surgery, as illustrated by a reduction in the gene and protein expression of α‐smooth muscle actin, FN and collagen 1A1. More importantly, a similar anti‐fibrotic effect of butaprost was observed in human precision‐cut kidney slices exposed to TGF‐β. The mechanism of action of butaprost appeared to be a direct effect on TGF‐β/Smad signalling, which was independent of the cAMP/PKA pathway. Conclusion In conclusion, this study demonstrates that stimulation of the EP2 receptor effectively mitigates renal fibrogenesis in various fibrosis models. These findings warrant further research into the clinical application of butaprost, or other EP2 agonists, for the inhibition of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Tae‐Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
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Su Y, Yao S, Zhao S, Li J, Li H. LncRNA CCAT1 functions as apoptosis inhibitor in podocytes via autophagy inhibition. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:621-631. [PMID: 31468575 PMCID: PMC6899777 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte apoptosis importantly contributes to various kidney diseases. Long noncoding RNAs Colon cancer‐associated transcript‐1 (CCAT‐1) has been demonstrated for a critical role in cell proliferation. In the present study, the relationship between CCAT1 and popdocyte impairment, and the underlying mechanism was investigated. Podocytes were isolated from mice and then treated with tumor necrosis factor‐α to simulate podocyte injury. After developed CCAT1 overexpression or knockdown, cell viabilities were determined with the CCK‐8 assay, apoptosis was examined with Flow cytometry, the autophagy was observed by Western blot. Furthermore, phosphorylated PI3K and Akt expressions were examined. We found that after CCAT1 overexpression, the cell viability was significantly increased, apoptosis was significantly decreased, and autophagy was significantly inhibited, which was indicated by induced P62, LC3B‐I and decreased LC3B‐II. In addition, CCAT1 overexpression induced the levels of phosphorylated PI3K and Akt. With Rap treatment, these effects by CCAT1 were reversed. Furthermore, the results contrary to the effects by CCAT1 overexpression were presented after CCAT1 knockdown, and this was inhibited by 3‐MA. Taken together, our results suggested that CCAT1 induction critically participated in apoptosis inhibition in podocytes through autophagy inhibition via increasing PI3K/Akt signaling. This might act as a promising therapeutic intervention for renal diseases associated with podocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shili Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinchun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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