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Yamamoto K, Shiota S, Yoshiiwa A, Chishima T, Takigami S, Miyazaki E. Cognitive Function and Olfactory Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Attending a Salon. J Prim Care Community Health 2022; 13:21501319221117793. [PMID: 35950638 PMCID: PMC9380213 DOI: 10.1177/21501319221117793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early detection, treatment, and care are important for the prevention of
dementia. Though olfactory impairment has been reported to be associated
with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there are few reports involving
community-dwelling older adults with no difficulty in daily life in
Japan. Objective: This study aimed to identify the frequency of MCI in community-dwelling
elderly people attending community salons in a city with a high aging
population, and to determine the usefulness of a pocket olfactory
discrimination test. Methods: We recruited 268 independent older adults attending community salons. The
Japanese version of the MCI Screen was used to evaluate cognitive function,
defining MCI as <49.8 out of 100 scores of the memory performance index
(MPI). The Japanese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell
Identification Test (UPSIT-J) was used for olfactory discrimination and the
number of correct answers out of 4 questions was noted. Results: Of the salon participants, 138 (51.5%) were classified as having MCI. As the
number of correct answers on the olfactory test decreased, the percentage of
participants with MCI increased. The MPI score of the low UPSIT score group
was significantly lower than that of the high UPSIT score group. Conclusions: This study revealed that approximately half of the elderly local residents
living without daily problems were suspected of having MCI. The UPSIT-J-4 is
a simple olfactory identification test, and can be used at any time and any
place. It is useful for screening cognitive function via olfactory
identification in a salon-like setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yamamoto
- Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-shi, Oita, Japan
| | - Seiji Shiota
- Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-shi, Oita, Japan
| | - Aoi Yoshiiwa
- Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-shi, Oita, Japan
| | | | | | - Eishi Miyazaki
- Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-shi, Oita, Japan
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Goda A, Murata S, Shiraiwa K, Abiko T, Nakano H, Nonaka K, Iwase H, Anami K, Kikuchi Y, Horie J. Factors Influencing the Development of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling People Aged 75 Years and Older. Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:geriatrics6040104. [PMID: 34842734 PMCID: PMC8628723 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Asia, including Japan, dementia incidence peaks in older adults over ≥75 years; it is therefore important to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and prevent its onset in this age group. Our study hypothesized that physical and psychological status would be associated with MCI incidence among community-dwelling people aged 75 years and older. The study population comprised 291 such individuals. Participants with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 28 or more were considered non-MCI, and those with a score of less than 28 and greater than 24 were considered to have MCI. Several other measures were also evaluated, including information about their current medical visits due to diseases, depressive symptom severity, various physical functions (trunk function, 30 s chair-stand test, one-legged stance test, timed up and go test time, 5 m walking time, grip strength, knee-extension strength, and toe-grip strength), and body composition (body fat and skeletal muscle mass). Participants suspected of having MCI had significantly shorter educational histories, higher rates of medical visits due to hypertension, and poorer balance abilities. The results suggest that these indices can be considered screening indicators for detecting MCI in people aged 75 years and older, which may be useful for planning intervention programs for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Goda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (H.N.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-574-4313
| | - Shin Murata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (H.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Kayoko Shiraiwa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (H.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Teppei Abiko
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (H.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Hideki Nakano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (H.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Koji Nonaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University, Nara 631-8524, Japan; (K.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Hiroaki Iwase
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe International University, Kobe 658-0032, Japan;
| | - Kunihiko Anami
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University, Nara 631-8524, Japan; (K.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Yuki Kikuchi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Mitsubishi Kyoto Hospital, Kyoto 615-8087, Japan;
| | - Jun Horie
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (H.N.); (J.H.)
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Goda A, Murata S, Nakano H, Shiraiwa K, Abiko T, Nonaka K, Iwase H, Anami K, Horie J. Subjective and Objective Mental and Physical Functions Affect Subjective Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese People. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8030347. [PMID: 32962150 PMCID: PMC7551000 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is complex and not well understood, especially among Japanese people. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the relationships of subjective and objective mental and physical function with SCD among older community-dwelling Japanese adults. SCD was evaluated using the Kihon Checklist: Cognitive Function. Other parameters were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the five-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5), for an objective mental function other than SCD. A timed up-and-go test (TUG) and knee extension strength were used to test objective physical function, and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS) in the Health-Related Quality of Life survey eight-item short form (SF-8) were used for subjective mental and physical functions. The results of the MMSE, GDS-5, TUG, knee extension strength, and MCS were significantly worse in the SCD group. In addition, logistic regression analysis showed that GDS-5 and MCS were associated with SCD onset. Depressive symptoms and decreased subjective mental function contribute to SCD among community-dwelling Japanese adults. These findings will be useful for planning dementia prevention and intervention programs for older Japanese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Goda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-574-4313
| | - Shin Murata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Hideki Nakano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Kayoko Shiraiwa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Teppei Abiko
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Koji Nonaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University, Nara 631-8524, Japan; (K.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Hiroaki Iwase
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe International University, Kobe 658-0032, Japan;
| | - Kunihiko Anami
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University, Nara 631-8524, Japan; (K.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Jun Horie
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.); (K.S.); (T.A.); (J.H.)
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Makino K, Lee S, Bae S, Shinkai Y, Chiba I, Shimada H. Combined Effects of Pain Interference and Depressive Symptoms on Dementia Incidence: A 36-Month Follow-Up Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 76:703-712. [PMID: 32538832 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both pain interference and depressive symptoms have certain effects on dementia, and these are reciprocally related. However, comorbid effects of pain interference and depressive symptoms on dementia have not been examined in detail. OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study aimed to examine the combined effects of pain interference and depressive symptoms on the incidence of dementia in community-dwelling elderly individuals. METHODS This prospective cohort study with a 36-month follow-up period included 4,326 community-dwelling elderly individuals without dementia at baseline. Pain interference and depressive symptoms were assessed for every participant at baseline. We collected medical records in the Japanese public health insurance system to identify the incidence of dementia for 36 months. RESULTS The incidence rates of dementia during the follow-up period in the control, pain-interference, depressive-symptoms, and comorbid group were 3.2%, 6.2%, 7.9%, and 11.3%, respectively. A Cox regression analysis showed that the hazard ratios for the incidence of dementia were 1.85 (95% CI: 1.13-3.03) in the pain interference group, 1.87 (95% CI: 1.27-2.76) in the depressive symptoms group, and 2.20 (95% CI: 1.26-3.84) in the comorbid group, after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION The coexistence of pain interference and depressive symptoms had a greater effect on the incidence of dementia than either condition alone in community-dwelling elderly individuals. Pain interference and depressive symptoms are known as common comorbid conditions and often form a negative cycle that accelerates the worsening of the individual symptoms of both. Thus, the comorbidity of these conditions may require monitoring for the prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Makino
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seongryu Bae
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Shinkai
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ippei Chiba
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi, Japan
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Ogawa M, Maruo K, Sone D, Shimada H, Suzuki K, Watanabe H, Matsuda H, Mizusawa H. Longitudinal analysis of risk factors for dementia based on Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen results and questionnaire responses from healthy Japanese individuals registered in an online database. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2019; 5:347-353. [PMID: 31417956 PMCID: PMC6690416 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Despite an urgent need for developing remedial measures against dementia, no disease-modifying drugs have been developed. Efficient protocols for participant recruitment need to be established for conducting clinical trials. To meet this need, a large-scale online registry system, the Integrated Registry of Orange Plan (IROOP®), was created for healthy individuals. Although the risk factors for dementia have been discussed in our previous studies for a short interval of 6 months, some factors remain controversial. The present study aimed to explore factors affecting longitudinal changes in cognitive function for a longer interval of 18 months using the IROOP® data. Methods This study assessed the longitudinal changes in the collated data for predicting the risk of dementia and included 473 individuals (175 men and 298 women; mean age 59.6 ± 10.1 years) registered in the IROOP® between July 5, 2016 and January 15, 2018 who completed the initial questionnaire and brief assessment of cognitive function (Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen) at baseline and the regular questionnaire and the Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen at least once after baseline. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS, version 23.0, for Windows for demographic data and the MIXED procedure in SAS, version 9.4, for the linear mixed-effect model. In each analysis, the statistical significance level was set at P < .05. Results Mood, sleep, quality of life, and medical histories including cognition were found to influence longitudinal changes in cognitive function. Discussion Given the multifactorial etiology of dementia, preventive measures targeting multiple domains are required for maintaining cognitive function, instead of focusing on one lifestyle factor. Mood consistently influences on longitudinal changes of cognitive function. Sleep is also an important factor for maintaining cognitive function. Given the multifactorial etiology of dementia, multidomain prevention is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Ogawa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daichi Sone
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Innovation Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Innovation Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-042-341-2711; Fax: +81-042-346-2229.
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