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Montesinos-Rongen M, Sanchez-Ruiz M, Siebert S, Winter C, Siebert R, Brunn A, Deckert M. AMD3100-mediated CXCR4 inhibition impairs development of primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023:S0002-9440(23)00163-3. [PMID: 37196929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of primary lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNSL, CNS) is the strong CXCR4 expression of the tumor cells, the function of which is still unknown. In vitro treatment of BAL17CNS lymphoma cells by AMD3100 which inhibits CXCR4-CXCL12 interactions resulted in the significantly differential expression of 273 genes encoding proteins involved in cell motility, cell-cell signaling and interaction, hematological system development and function, and immunological disease. Among the genes downregulated was the one encoding CD200, a regulator of CNS immunological activity. These data directly translated into the in vivo situation; BAL17CNS CD200 expression was downregulated by 89% (3% vs. 28% CD200+ lymphoma cells) in AMD3100-treated vs. untreated mice with BAL17CNS-induced PCNSL. Reduced lymphoma cell CD200 expression may contribute to the markedly increased microglial activation in AMD3100-treated mice. AMD3100 also maintained the structural integrity of blood-brain barrier tight junctions and the outer basal lamina of cerebral blood vessels. Subsequently, lymphoma cell invasion of the brain parenchyma was impaired and maximal parenchymal tumor size was significantly reduced by 82% in the induction phase. Thus, AMD3100 qualified as potentially attractive candidate to be included into the therapeutic concept of PCNSL. Beyond therapy, CXCR4-induced suppression of microglial activity is of general neuroimmunological interest and identifies CD200 expressed by the lymphoma cells as a novel mechanism of immune escape in PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Montesinos-Rongen
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Monica Sanchez-Ruiz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susann Siebert
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Winter
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Brunn
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; present address: Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Deckert
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; present address: Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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2
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Babst N, Isbell LK, Rommel F, Tura A, Ranjbar M, Grisanti S, Tschuch C, Schueler J, Doostkam S, Reinacher PC, Duyster J, Kakkassery V, von Bubnoff N. CXCR4, CXCR5 and CD44 May Be Involved in Homing of Lymphoma Cells into the Eye in a Patient Derived Xenograft Homing Mouse Model for Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11757. [PMID: 36233057 PMCID: PMC9569795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL), a rare malignancy of the eye, is strongly related to primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We hypothesized that lymphoma cells disseminate to the CNS and eye tissue via distinct homing receptors. The objective of this study was to test expression of CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR7 and CD44 homing receptors on CD20 positive B-lymphoma cells on enucleated eyes using a PCNSL xenograft mouse model. Methods: We used indirect immunofluorescence double staining for CD20/CXCR4, CD20/CXCR5, CD20/CXCR7 and CD20/CD44 on enucleated eyes of a PCNSL xenograft mouse model with PVRL phenotype (PCNSL group) in comparison to a secondary CNS lymphoma xenograft mouse model (SCNSL group). Lymphoma infiltration was evaluated with an immunoreactive score (IRS). Results: 11/13 paired eyes of the PCNSL but none of the SCNSL group were infiltrated by CD20-positive cells. Particularly the choroid and to a lesser extent the retina of the PCNSL group were infiltrated by CD20+/CXCR4+, CD20+/CXCR5+, few CD20+/CD44+ but no CD20+/CXCR7+ cells. Expression of CXCR4 (p = 0.0205), CXCR5 (p = 0.0004) and CD44 (p < 0.0001) was significantly increased in the PCNSL compared to the SCNSL group. Conclusions: CD20+ PCNSL lymphoma cells infiltrating the eye co-express distinct homing receptors such as CXCR4 and CXCR5 in a PVRL homing mouse model. These receptors may be involved in PVRL homing into the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neele Babst
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lisa K. Isbell
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Rommel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aysegul Tura
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mahdy Ranjbar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cordula Tschuch
- Charles River Discovery Research Services GmbH, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schueler
- Charles River Discovery Research Services GmbH, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Soroush Doostkam
- Institute for Neuropathology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter C. Reinacher
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vinodh Kakkassery
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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3
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Uhl B, Prochazka KT, Pansy K, Wenzl K, Strobl J, Baumgartner C, Szmyra MM, Waha JE, Wolf A, Tomazic PV, Steinbauer E, Steinwender M, Friedl S, Weniger M, Küppers R, Pichler M, Greinix HT, Stary G, Ramsay AG, Apollonio B, Feichtinger J, Beham-Schmid C, Neumeister P, Deutsch AJ. Distinct Chemokine Receptor Expression Profiles in De Novo DLBCL, Transformed Follicular Lymphoma, Richter's Trans-Formed DLBCL and Germinal Center B-Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7874. [PMID: 35887224 PMCID: PMC9316992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors and their ligands have been identified as playing an important role in the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, and Richter syndrome (RS). Our aim was to investigate the different expression profiles in de novo DLBCL, transformed follicular lymphoma (tFL), and RS. Here, we profiled the mRNA expression levels of 18 chemokine receptors (CCR1-CCR9, CXCR1-CXCR7, CX3CR1 and XCR1) using RQ-PCR, as well as immunohistochemistry of seven chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR4-CCR8 and CXCR2) in RS, de novo DLBCL, and tFL biopsy-derived tissues. Tonsil-derived germinal center B-cells (GC-B) served as non-neoplastic controls. The chemokine receptor expression profiles of de novo DLBCL and tFL substantially differed from those of GC-B, with at least 5-fold higher expression of 15 out of the 18 investigated chemokine receptors (CCR1-CCR9, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR6, CXCR7, CX3CR1 and XCR1) in these lymphoma subtypes. Interestingly, the de novo DLBCL and tFL exhibited at least 22-fold higher expression of CCR1, CCR5, CCR8, and CXCR6 compared with RS, whereas no significant difference in chemokine receptor expression profile was detected when comparing de novo DLBCL with tFL. Furthermore, in de novo DLBCL and tFLs, a high expression of CCR7 was associated with a poor overall survival in our study cohort, as well as in an independent patient cohort. Our data indicate that the chemokine receptor expression profile of RS differs substantially from that of de novo DLBCL and tFL. Thus, these multiple dysregulated chemokine receptors could represent novel clinical markers as diagnostic and prognostic tools. Moreover, this study highlights the relevance of chemokine signaling crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment of aggressive lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Uhl
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.U.); (K.T.P.); (K.P.); (K.W.); (M.M.S.); (H.T.G.)
| | - Katharina T. Prochazka
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.U.); (K.T.P.); (K.P.); (K.W.); (M.M.S.); (H.T.G.)
| | - Katrin Pansy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.U.); (K.T.P.); (K.P.); (K.W.); (M.M.S.); (H.T.G.)
| | - Kerstin Wenzl
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.U.); (K.T.P.); (K.P.); (K.W.); (M.M.S.); (H.T.G.)
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Johanna Strobl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Claudia Baumgartner
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.B.); (J.F.)
| | - Marta M. Szmyra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.U.); (K.T.P.); (K.P.); (K.W.); (M.M.S.); (H.T.G.)
| | - James E. Waha
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Axel Wolf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (A.W.); (P.V.T.)
| | - Peter V. Tomazic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (A.W.); (P.V.T.)
| | - Elisabeth Steinbauer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.S.); (M.S.); (S.F.); (C.B.-S.)
| | - Maria Steinwender
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.S.); (M.S.); (S.F.); (C.B.-S.)
| | - Sabine Friedl
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.S.); (M.S.); (S.F.); (C.B.-S.)
| | - Marc Weniger
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (M.W.); (R.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Hildegard T. Greinix
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.U.); (K.T.P.); (K.P.); (K.W.); (M.M.S.); (H.T.G.)
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.S.); (G.S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alan G. Ramsay
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (A.G.R.); (B.A.)
| | - Benedetta Apollonio
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (A.G.R.); (B.A.)
| | - Julia Feichtinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.B.); (J.F.)
| | - Christine Beham-Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.S.); (M.S.); (S.F.); (C.B.-S.)
| | - Peter Neumeister
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.U.); (K.T.P.); (K.P.); (K.W.); (M.M.S.); (H.T.G.)
| | - Alexander J. Deutsch
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.U.); (K.T.P.); (K.P.); (K.W.); (M.M.S.); (H.T.G.)
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Lee JY, Kim JH, Bang H, Cho J, Ko YH, Kim SJ, Kim WS. EGR1 as a potential marker of prognosis in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10342. [PMID: 33990633 PMCID: PMC8121831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. In the present study, gene expression profiling was performed to provide more information on ENKTL molecular signature and offer a rationale for further investigation of prognostic markers in ENKTL. NanoString nCounter Analysis encompassing 133 target genes was used to compare gene expression levels of 43 ENKTL tumor samples. The majority of the patients were under 60 years of age (79.1%); 32 (74.4%) patients had nasal type ENKTL and 23 patients (53.5%) had intermediate/high risk ENKTL based on the prognostic index for natural killer cell lymphoma (PINK). The median follow-up was 15.9 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 16.1 months (95% CI 13.0-69.8). EGR1 upregulation was consistently identified in the localized stage with a low risk of prognostic index based on the PINK. Among the six significantly relevant genes for EGR1 expression, high expression levels of genes, including CD59, GAS1, CXCR7, and RAMP3, were associated with a good survival prognosis. The in vitro test showed EGR1 modulated the transcriptional activity of the target genes including CD59, GAS1, CXCR7, and RAMP3. Downregulation of EGR1 and its target genes significantly inhibited apoptosis and decreased chemosensitivity and attenuated radiation-induced apoptosis. The findings showed EGR1 may be a candidate for prognostic markers in ENKTL. Considerable additional characterization may be necessary to fully understand EGR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejin Bang
- Department of Pathology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhun Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hyeh Ko
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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5
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López-Gil JC, Martin-Hijano L, Hermann PC, Sainz B. The CXCL12 Crossroads in Cancer Stem Cells and Their Niche. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030469. [PMID: 33530455 PMCID: PMC7866198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CXCL12 and its receptors have been extensively studied in cancer, including their influence on cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their niche. This intensive research has led to a better understanding of the crosstalk between CXCL12 and CSCs, which has aided in designing several drugs that are currently being tested in clinical trials. However, a comprehensive review has not been published to date. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on how CXCL12 axes are involved in the regulation and maintenance of CSCs, their presence and influence at different cellular levels within the CSC niche, and the current state-of-the-art of therapeutic approaches aimed to target the CXCL12 crossroads. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subpopulation of “stem”-like cells within the tumor with unique characteristics that allow them to maintain tumor growth, escape standard anti-tumor therapies and drive subsequent repopulation of the tumor. This is the result of their intrinsic “stem”-like features and the strong driving influence of the CSC niche, a subcompartment within the tumor microenvironment that includes a diverse group of cells focused on maintaining and supporting the CSC. CXCL12 is a chemokine that plays a crucial role in hematopoietic stem cell support and has been extensively reported to be involved in several cancer-related processes. In this review, we will provide the latest evidence about the interactions between CSC niche-derived CXCL12 and its receptors—CXCR4 and CXCR7—present on CSC populations across different tumor entities. The interactions facilitated by CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axes seem to be strongly linked to CSC “stem”-like features, tumor progression, and metastasis promotion. Altogether, this suggests a role for CXCL12 and its receptors in the maintenance of CSCs and the components of their niche. Moreover, we will also provide an update of the therapeutic options being currently tested to disrupt the CXCL12 axes in order to target, directly or indirectly, the CSC subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos López-Gil
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.L.-G.); (L.M.-H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3-Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martin-Hijano
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.L.-G.); (L.M.-H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3-Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick C. Hermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: (P.C.H.); (B.S.J.)
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.L.-G.); (L.M.-H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3-Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.C.H.); (B.S.J.)
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Huynh C, Dingemanse J, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE, Sidharta PN. Relevance of the CXCR4/CXCR7-CXCL12 axis and its effect in pathophysiological conditions. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105092. [PMID: 32758634 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the C-X-C receptor (CXCR) 7 and its close co-player CXCR4 in different physiological and pathophysiological processes has been extensively investigated within the last decades. Following activation by their shared ligand C-X-C ligand (CXCL) 12, both chemokine receptors can induce various routes of cell signaling and/or scavenge CXCL12 from the extracellular environment. This contributes to organ development and maintenance of homeostasis. Alterations of the CXCR4/CXCR7-CXCL12 axis have been detected in diseases such as cancer, central nervous system and cardiac disorders, and autoimmune diseases. These alterations include changes of the expression pattern, distribution, or downstream effects. The progression of the diseases can be regulated in preclinical models by the use of various modulators suggesting that this axis serves as a promising therapeutic target. It is therefore of great interest to investigate CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 modulators in clinical development, with several CXCR4 and CXCL12 modulators such as plerixafor, ulocuplumab, balixafortide, and olaptesed pegol having already reached this stage. An overview is presented of the most important diseases whose outcomes can be positively or negatively regulated by the CXCR4/CXCR7-CXCL12 axis and summarizes preclinical and clinical data of modulators of that axis. Contrary to CXCR4 and CXCL12 modulators, CXCR7 modulators have, thus far, not been extensively studied. Therefore, more (pre)clinical investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Huynh
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Patricia N Sidharta
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.
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7
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Pansy K, Feichtinger J, Ehall B, Uhl B, Sedej M, Roula D, Pursche B, Wolf A, Zoidl M, Steinbauer E, Gruber V, Greinix HT, Prochazka KT, Thallinger GG, Heinemann A, Beham-Schmid C, Neumeister P, Wrodnigg TM, Fechter K, Deutsch AJ. The CXCR4-CXCL12-Axis Is of Prognostic Relevance in DLBCL and Its Antagonists Exert Pro-Apoptotic Effects In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4740. [PMID: 31554271 PMCID: PMC6801866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In tumor cells of more than 20 different cancer types, the CXCR4-CXCL12-axis is involved in multiple key processes including proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Since data on this axis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are inconsistent and limited, we comprehensively studied the CXCR4-CXCL12-axis in our DLBCL cohort as well as the effects of CXCR4 antagonists on lymphoma cell lines in vitro. In DLBCL, we observed a 140-fold higher CXCR4 expression compared to non-neoplastic controls, which was associated with poor clinical outcome. In corresponding bone marrow biopsies, we observed a correlation of CXCL12 expression and lymphoma infiltration rate as well as a reduction of CXCR4 expression in remission of bone marrow involvement after treatment. Additionally, we investigated the effects of three CXCR4 antagonists in vitro. Therefore, we used AMD3100 (Plerixafor), AMD070 (Mavorixafor), and WKI, the niacin derivative of AMD070, which we synthesized. WK1 demonstrated stronger pro-apoptotic effects than AMD070 in vitro and induced expression of pro-apoptotic genes of the BCL2-family in CXCR4-positive lymphoma cell lines. Finally, WK1 treatment resulted in the reduced expression of JNK-, ERK1/2- and NF-κB/BCR-target genes. These data indicate that the CXCR4-CXCL12-axis impacts the pathogenesis of DLBCL and represents a potential therapeutic target in aggressive lymphomas.
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MESH Headings
- Aminoquinolines
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzimidazoles
- Biomarkers
- Butylamines
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Exons
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring/pharmacology
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Pansy
- Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz; Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Julia Feichtinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Barbara Ehall
- Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz; Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Barbara Uhl
- Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz; Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Miriam Sedej
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - David Roula
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Beata Pursche
- Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz; Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Axel Wolf
- Division of General Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Manuel Zoidl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Elisabeth Steinbauer
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Verena Gruber
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Hildegard T Greinix
- Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz; Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Katharina T Prochazka
- Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz; Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Gerhard G Thallinger
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14/V, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- OMICS Center Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 24, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christine Beham-Schmid
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Peter Neumeister
- Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz; Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Tanja M Wrodnigg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Karoline Fechter
- Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz; Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Alexander Ja Deutsch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz; Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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Huang Q, Liu F, Shen J. The significance of chemokines in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review and future insights. Future Oncol 2019; 15:1385-1395. [PMID: 30880459 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in molecular and clinical research, patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) still have a bad prognosis. Recently, chemokines/chemokine receptors have become the subject of interest in relation to DLBCL. Studies have demonstrated the important role of chemokines/chemokine receptors in the communication between DLBCL cells and tumor microenvironment. Studies have also reported the ability of chemokines/chemokine receptors in promoting the proliferation and invasion of DLBCL cells. Here, we summarize the data on mechanisms of DLBCL supporting the involvement of chemokine/chemokine receptor changes. We focus on the available evidence regarding chemokines/chemokine receptors as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jianzhen Shen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
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