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Trini J, Maurer HP, Neuweiler JE, Würschum T. Identification and Fine-Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Plant Height in Central European Winter Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1592. [PMID: 34451637 PMCID: PMC8400435 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The quantitatively inherited trait plant height is routinely evaluated in triticale breeding programs as it substantially influences lodging and disease susceptibility, is a main contributor to biomass yield, and is required to improve hybrid seed production by fine-tuning plant height in the female and male parental pools in hybrid breeding programs. In this study, we evaluated a panel of 846 diverse Central European triticale genotypes to dissect the genetic architecture underlying plant height by genome-wide association mapping. This revealed three medium- to large-effect QTL on chromosomes 5A, 4B, and 5R. Genetic and physical fine-mapping of the putative QTL revealed that the QTL on chromosome 5R most likely corresponds to Ddw1 and that the QTL on chromosome 5A is likely to be Rht12. Furthermore, we observed a temporal trend in registered cultivars with a decreasing plant height during the past decades, accompanied by an increasing use of the height-reducing alleles at the identified QTL. In summary, our results shed new light on the genetic control of plant height in triticale and open new avenues for future improvement by breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Trini
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.T.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Hans Peter Maurer
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.T.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Jan Eric Neuweiler
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.T.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Tobias Würschum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
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Yan H, Yu K, Xu Y, Zhou P, Zhao J, Li Y, Liu X, Ren C, Peng Y. Position Validation of the Dwarfing Gene Dw6 in Oat ( Avena sativa L.) and Its Correlated Effects on Agronomic Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:668847. [PMID: 34093626 PMCID: PMC8172587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.668847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An F6 : 8 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between WAOAT2132 (Dw6) and Caracas along with the two parents were used to evaluate the genetic effects of Dw6 dwarfing gene on plant height and other agronomic traits in oat (Avena sativa L.) across three environments, and develop closely linked markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) for Dw6. The two parents differed in all investigated agronomic traits except for the number of whorls. The RIL lines showed a bimodal distribution for plant height in all three tested environments, supporting the height of this population was controlled by a single gene. Dw6 significantly reduced plant height (37.66∼44.29%) and panicle length (13.99∼22.10%) but without compromising the coleoptile length which was often positively associated with the reduced stature caused by dwarfing genes. Dw6 has also strong negative effects on hundred kernel weight (14.00∼29.55%), and kernel length (4.21∼9.47%), whereas the effects of Dw6 on the kernel width were not uniform across three environments. By contrast, lines with Dw6 produced more productive tillers (10.11∼10.53%) than lines without Dw6. All these together suggested the potential yield penalty associated with Dw6 might be partially due to the decrease of kernel weight which is attributed largely to the reduction of kernel length. Eighty-one simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs from chromosome 6D were tested, five of them were polymorphic in two parents and in two contrasting bulks, confirming the 6D location of Dw6. By using the five polymorphic markers, Dw6 was mapped to an interval of 1.0 cM flanked by markers SSR83 and SSR120. Caution should be applied in using this information since maker order conflicts were observed. The close linkages of these two markers to Dw6 were further validated in a range of oat lines. The newly developed markers will provide a solid basis for future efforts both in the identification of Dw6 in oat germplasm and in the determination of the nature of the gene through positional cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Yan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaiquan Yu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinghong Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingping Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changzhong Ren
- Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng, China
| | - Yuanying Peng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Grądzielewska A, Milczarski P, Molik K, Pawłowska E. Identification and mapping of a new recessive dwarfing gene dw9 on the 6RL rye chromosome and its phenotypic effects. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229564. [PMID: 32119688 PMCID: PMC7051059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of high-yielding semi-dwarf varieties of wheat into cultivation has led to a "green revolution." This has required intensive research into various sources of dwarfism in wheat. However, there has been very little advancement in research on dwarfing genes in rye in comparison to wheat or barley. So far, three dominant dwarfing genes (Ddw1, Ddw3, and Ddw4) and three recessive genes (ct1, ct2, and np) have been characterized and precisely mapped in rye. There is no complete catalog of dwarfing genes available in rye. This paper presents an identification of the source of dwarfism and preliminary characterization of the new recessive gene dw9 from the BK-1 line. The gene was mapped on the long arm of the 6R chromosome and belongs to the GA-insensitive group. The initial characterization of the influence of this gene on morphological traits shows that it significantly affects the decrease of yielding trait parameters. A full evaluation can be performed after detailed breeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Grądzielewska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Milczarski
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Katarzyna Molik
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Edyta Pawłowska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
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Braun EM, Tsvetkova N, Rotter B, Siekmann D, Schwefel K, Krezdorn N, Plieske J, Winter P, Melz G, Voylokov AV, Hackauf B. Gene Expression Profiling and Fine Mapping Identifies a Gibberellin 2-Oxidase Gene Co-segregating With the Dominant Dwarfing Gene Ddw1 in Rye ( Secale cereale L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:857. [PMID: 31333700 PMCID: PMC6616298 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellin (GA)-sensitive dwarfing gene Ddw1 provides an opportunity to genetically reduce plant height in rye. Genetic analysis in a population of recombinant inbred lines confirmed a monogenetic dominant inheritance of Ddw1. Significant phenotypic differences in PH between homo- and heterozygotic genotypes indicate an incomplete dominance of Ddw1. De novo transcriptome sequencing of Ddw1 mutant as well as tall genotypes resulted in 113,547 contigs with an average length of 318 bp covering 36.18 Mbp rye DNA. A hierarchical cluster analysis based on individual groups of rye homologs of functionally characterized rice genes controlling morphological or physiological traits including plant height, flowering time, and source activity identified the gene expression profile of stems at the begin of heading to most comprehensively mirror effects of Ddw1. Genome-wide expression profiling identified 186 transcripts differentially expressed between semi-dwarf and tall genotypes in stems. In total, 29 novel markers have been established and mapped to a 27.2 cM segment in the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 5R. Ddw1 could be mapped within a 0.4 cM interval co-segregating with a marker representing the C20-GA2-oxidase gene ScGA2ox12, that is up-regulated in stems of Ddw1 genotypes. The increased expression of ScGA2ox12 observed in semi-dwarf rye as well as structural alterations in transcript sequences associated with the ScGA2ox12 gene implicate, that Ddw1 is a dominant gain-of-function mutant. Integration of the target interval in the wheat reference genome sequence indicated perfect micro-colinearity between the Ddw1 locus and a 831 kb segment on chromosome 5A, which resides inside of a 11.21 Mb interval carrying the GA-sensitive dwarfing gene Rht12 in wheat. The potential of Ddw1 as a breeder's option to improve lodging tolerance in rye is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Braun
- Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Tsvetkova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Dörthe Siekmann
- Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Quedlinburg, Germany
- HYBRO Saatzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Schenkenberg, Germany
| | - Konrad Schwefel
- Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Anatoly V. Voylokov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bernd Hackauf
- Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Quedlinburg, Germany
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