1
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Vanderley-Silva I, Valente RA. Landscape resistance index aiming at functional forest connectivity. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1224. [PMID: 37725180 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Resistance models may quantify the ability of the landscape to impede species' movement and represent suitable habitats. Moreover, the performance of resistance models parameterized by land-use/land cover attributes evidence that the integrity of the environments subject to urban sprawl is poorly understood. In this sense, the study assumed we could identify the forest functional connectivity in a landscape considering the disparity in the landscape mosaic. In this context, we sought to develop a landscape resistance index through structural equation modeling (SEM), supported by the criteria of heat emission, biomass, and anthropogenic barriers, obtained by remote sensing, called observed variables. The landscape studied in the Green Belt Biosphere Reserve of São Paulo has significant remnants of the Atlantic Forest, a biodiversity hotspot. However, our results indicated criteria variability in the landscape modeled through the SEM, obtaining a significant adjustment of the landscape resistance index, with comparative fit index (CFI) of 1.00 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.00. The index reflects the resistance levels of the land use/land cover, expressed by the class interval, ranging from 0% (1.73) to 100% (493.88), with the highest values associated with the anthropized uses and forest isolation. Thus, our index based on environmental attributes reflects the structure of functional forest connectivity and offers a framework to design forest corridors across landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vanderley-Silva
- Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources (PPGPUR), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR-Sorocaba), João Leme dos Santos Highway (SP-264), km 110, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Averna Valente
- Environmental Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR-Sorocaba), João Leme dos Santos Highway (SP-264), km 110, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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2
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Abstract
Balancing the competing, and often conflicting, needs of people and wildlife in shared landscapes is a major challenge for conservation science and policy worldwide. Connectivity is critical for wildlife persistence, but dispersing animals may come into conflict with people, leading to severe costs for humans and animals and impeding connectivity. Thus, conflict mitigation and connectivity present an apparent dilemma for conservation. We present a framework to address this dilemma and disentangle the effects of barriers to animal movement and conflict-induced mortality of dispersers on connectivity. We extend random-walk theory to map the connectivity-conflict interface, or areas where frequent animal movement may lead to conflict and conflict in turn impedes connectivity. We illustrate this framework with the endangered Asian elephant Elephas maximus, a species that frequently disperses out of protected areas and comes into conflict with humans. We mapped expected movement across a human-dominated landscape over the short- and long-term, accounting for conflict mortality. Natural and conflict-induced mortality together reduced expected movement and connectivity among populations. Based on model validation, our conflict predictions that explicitly captured animal movement better explained observed conflict than a model that considered distribution alone. Our work highlights the interaction between connectivity and conflict and enables identification of location-specific conflict mitigation strategies that minimize losses to people, while ensuring critical wildlife movement between habitats. By predicting where animal movement and humans collide, we provide a basis to plan for broad-scale conservation and the mutual well-being of wildlife and people in shared landscapes.
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3
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Swider CR, Gemelli CF, Wrege PH, Parks SE. Passive acoustic monitoring reveals behavioural response of African forest elephants to gunfire events. Afr J Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin R. Swider
- Bioacoustics and Behavioral Ecology Lab, Biology Department Syracuse University Syracuse New York USA
| | - Christopher F. Gemelli
- Bioacoustics and Behavioral Ecology Lab, Biology Department Syracuse University Syracuse New York USA
| | - Peter H. Wrege
- Elephant Listening Project, K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Susan E. Parks
- Bioacoustics and Behavioral Ecology Lab, Biology Department Syracuse University Syracuse New York USA
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4
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Scalbert M, Vermeulen C, Breuer T, Doucet J. The challenging coexistence of forest elephants
Loxodonta cyclotis
and timber concessions in central Africa. Mamm Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Scalbert
- Université de Liège – Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech, Forest is Life, Terra Teaching and Research Centre Passage des Déportés 2 B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Cédric Vermeulen
- Université de Liège – Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech, Forest is Life, Terra Teaching and Research Centre Passage des Déportés 2 B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Thomas Breuer
- World Wide Fund for Nature Germany Reinhardstr. 18 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Jean‐Louis Doucet
- Université de Liège – Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech, Forest is Life, Terra Teaching and Research Centre Passage des Déportés 2 B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
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5
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Morrison J, Omengo F, Jones M, Symeonakis E, Walker SL, Cain B. Estimating elephant density using motion‐sensitive cameras: challenges, opportunities, and parameters for consideration. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Morrison
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan, University, Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom
| | - Fred Omengo
- Kenya Wildlife Service P.O. Box 40241‐00100 Nairobi Kenya
| | - Martin Jones
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan, University, Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom
| | - Elias Symeonakis
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan, University, Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom
| | - Susan L. Walker
- Chester Zoo, Cedar House Caughall Road, Upton by Chester Chester CH2 1LH United Kingdom
| | - Bradley Cain
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan, University, Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom
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6
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Poulsen JR, Beirne C, Rundel C, Baldino M, Kim S, Knorr J, Minich T, Jin L, Núñez CL, Xiao S, Mbamy W, Obiang GN, Masseloux J, Nkoghe T, Ebanega MO, Clark CJ, Fay MJ, Morkel P, Okouyi J, White LJT, Wright JP. Long Distance Seed Dispersal by Forest Elephants. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.789264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By dispersing seeds long distances, large, fruit-eating animals influence plant population spread and community dynamics. After fruit consumption, animal gut passage time and movement determine seed dispersal patterns and distances. These, in turn, are influenced by extrinsic, environmental variables and intrinsic, individual-level variables. We simulated seed dispersal by forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) by integrating gut passage data from wild elephants with movement data from 96 individuals. On average, elephants dispersed seeds 5.3 km, with 89% of seeds dispersed farther than 1 km. The longest simulated seed dispersal distance was 101 km, with an average maximum dispersal distance of 40.1 km. Seed dispersal distances varied among national parks, perhaps due to unmeasured environmental differences such as habitat heterogeneity and configuration, but not with human disturbance or habitat openness. On average, male elephants dispersed seeds farther than females. Elephant behavioral traits strongly influenced dispersal distances, with bold, exploratory elephants dispersing seeds 1.1 km farther than shy, idler elephants. Protection of forest elephants, particularly males and highly mobile, exploratory individuals, is critical to maintaining long distance seed dispersal services that shape plant communities and tropical forest habitat.
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7
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Meier AC, Shirley MH, Beirne C, Breuer T, Lewis M, Masseloux J, Jasperse‐Sjolander L, Todd A, Poulsen JR. Improving population estimates of difficult‐to‐observe species: A dung decay model for forest elephants with remotely sensed imagery. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Meier
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - M. H. Shirley
- Institute of Environment Florida International University North Miami FL USA
| | - C. Beirne
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - T. Breuer
- World Wide Fund for Nature Germany Berlin Germany
| | - M. Lewis
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - J. Masseloux
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham NC USA
| | | | - A. Todd
- Fauna and Flora International Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - J. R. Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham NC USA
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8
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Gunner RM, Holton MD, Scantlebury DM, Hopkins P, Shepard ELC, Fell AJ, Garde B, Quintana F, Gómez-Laich A, Yoda K, Yamamoto T, English H, Ferreira S, Govender D, Viljoen P, Bruns A, van Schalkwyk OL, Cole NC, Tatayah V, Börger L, Redcliffe J, Bell SH, Marks NJ, Bennett NC, Tonini MH, Williams HJ, Duarte CM, van Rooyen MC, Bertelsen MF, Tambling CJ, Wilson RP. How often should dead-reckoned animal movement paths be corrected for drift? ANIMAL BIOTELEMETRY 2021; 9:43. [PMID: 34900262 PMCID: PMC7612089 DOI: 10.1186/s40317-021-00265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding what animals do in time and space is important for a range of ecological questions, however accurate estimates of how animals use space is challenging. Within the use of animal-attached tags, radio telemetry (including the Global Positioning System, 'GPS') is typically used to verify an animal's location periodically. Straight lines are typically drawn between these 'Verified Positions' ('VPs') so the interpolation of space-use is limited by the temporal and spatial resolution of the system's measurement. As such, parameters such as route-taken and distance travelled can be poorly represented when using VP systems alone. Dead-reckoning has been suggested as a technique to improve the accuracy and resolution of reconstructed movement paths, whilst maximising battery life of VP systems. This typically involves deriving travel vectors from motion sensor systems and periodically correcting path dimensions for drift with simultaneously deployed VP systems. How often paths should be corrected for drift, however, has remained unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we review the utility of dead-reckoning across four contrasting model species using different forms of locomotion (the African lion Panthera leo, the red-tailed tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda, the Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus, and the imperial cormorant Leucocarbo atriceps). Simulations were performed to examine the extent of dead-reckoning error, relative to VPs, as a function of Verified Position correction (VP correction) rate and the effect of this on estimates of distance moved. Dead-reckoning error was greatest for animals travelling within air and water. We demonstrate how sources of measurement error can arise within VP-corrected dead-reckoned tracks and propose advancements to this procedure to maximise dead-reckoning accuracy. CONCLUSIONS We review the utility of VP-corrected dead-reckoning according to movement type and consider a range of ecological questions that would benefit from dead-reckoning, primarily concerning animal-barrier interactions and foraging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Gunner
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Mark D. Holton
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - David M. Scantlebury
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Phil Hopkins
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Emily L. C. Shepard
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Adam J. Fell
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Baptiste Garde
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Flavio Quintana
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR), CONICET. Boulevard Brown, 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Agustina Gómez-Laich
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución & Instituto de Ecología, Genética Y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET, Pabellón II Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ken Yoda
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University, Nakano, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Holly English
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sam Ferreira
- Savanna and Grassland Research Unit, Scientific Services Skukuza, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza 1350, South Africa
| | - Danny Govender
- Savanna and Grassland Research Unit, Scientific Services Skukuza, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza 1350, South Africa
| | - Pauli Viljoen
- Savanna and Grassland Research Unit, Scientific Services Skukuza, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza 1350, South Africa
| | - Angela Bruns
- Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, 97 Memorial Road, Old Testing Grounds, Kimberley 8301, South Africa
| | - O. Louis van Schalkwyk
- Department of Agriculture, Government of South Africa, Land Reform and Rural Development, Pretoria 001, South Africa
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Nik C. Cole
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Les Augrès Manor, Channel Islands, Trinity JE3 5BP, Jersey, UK
- Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Grannum Road, Indian Ocean, Vacoas, Mauritius
| | - Vikash Tatayah
- Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Grannum Road, Indian Ocean, Vacoas, Mauritius
| | - Luca Börger
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
- Centre for Biomathematics, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - James Redcliffe
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Stephen H. Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nikki J. Marks
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel C. Bennett
- Mammal Research Institute. Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 002., South Africa
| | - Mariano H. Tonini
- Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales, Grupo GEA, IPATEC-UNCO-CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Hannah J. Williams
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Carlos M. Duarte
- Red Sea Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin C. van Rooyen
- Mammal Research Institute. Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 002., South Africa
| | - Mads F. Bertelsen
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Craig J. Tambling
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Ring Road, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Rory P. Wilson
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
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9
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Neto de Carvalho C, Belaústegui Z, Toscano A, Muñiz F, Belo J, Galán JM, Gómez P, Cáceres LM, Rodríguez-Vidal J, Cunha PP, Cachão M, Ruiz F, Ramirez-Cruzado S, Giles-Guzmán F, Finlayson G, Finlayson S, Finlayson C. First tracks of newborn straight-tusked elephants (Palaeoloxodon antiquus). Sci Rep 2021; 11:17311. [PMID: 34531420 PMCID: PMC8445925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tracks and trackways of newborns, calves and juveniles attributed to straight-tusked elephants were found in the MIS 5 site (Upper Pleistocene) known as the Matalascañas Trampled Surface (MTS) at Huelva, SW Spain. Evidence of a snapshot of social behaviour, especially parental care, can be determined from the concentration of elephant tracks and trackways, and especially from apparently contemporaneous converging trackways, of small juvenile and larger, presumably young adult female tracks. The size frequency of the tracks enabled us to infer body mass and age distribution of the animals that crossed the MTS. Comparisons of the MTS demographic frequency with the morphology of the fore- and hind limbs of extant and fossil proboscideans shed light into the reproductive ecology of the straight-tusked elephant, Palaeloxodon antiquus. The interdune pond habitat appeared to have been an important water and food resource for matriarchal herds of straight-tusked elephants and likely functioned as a reproductive habitat, with only the rare presence of adult and older males in the MTS. The preservation of this track record in across a paleosol surface, although heavily trampled by different animals, including Neanderthals, over a short time frame, permitted an exceptional view into short-term intraspecific trophic interactions occurring in the Last Interglacial coastal habitat. Therefore, it is hypothesized that Neanderthals visited MTS for hunting or scavenging on weakened or dead elephants, and more likely calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Neto de Carvalho
- Naturtejo UNESCO Global Geopark, Geology Office of the Municipality of Idanha-a-Nova, Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal
- Instituto D. Luiz, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Zain Belaústegui
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de L'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Toscano
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Fernando Muñiz
- Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - João Belo
- Geosciences Center, University of Coimbra, FlyGIS-UAV Surveys, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jose María Galán
- Centro Administrativo del Acebuche, Parque Nacional de Doñana, Matalascañas, Huelva, Spain
| | - Paula Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Luis M Cáceres
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
| | | | - Pedro Proença Cunha
- Department of Earth Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mario Cachão
- Instituto D. Luiz, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | | | - Geraldine Finlayson
- The Gibraltar National Museum, Gibraltar, UK
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stewart Finlayson
- The Gibraltar National Museum, Gibraltar, UK
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, UK
| | - Clive Finlayson
- The Gibraltar National Museum, Gibraltar, UK
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, Toronto, Canada
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10
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Wooller MJ, Bataille C, Druckenmiller P, Erickson GM, Groves P, Haubenstock N, Howe T, Irrgeher J, Mann D, Moon K, Potter BA, Prohaska T, Rasic J, Reuther J, Shapiro B, Spaleta KJ, Willis AD. Lifetime mobility of an Arctic woolly mammoth. Science 2021; 373:806-808. [PMID: 34385399 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) mobility and range. Here we use high temporal resolution sequential analyses of strontium isotope ratios along an entire 1.7-meter-long tusk to reconstruct the movements of an Arctic woolly mammoth that lived 17,100 years ago, during the last ice age. We use an isotope-guided random walk approach to compare the tusk's strontium and oxygen isotope profiles to isotopic maps. Our modeling reveals patterns of movement across a geographically extensive range during the animal's ~28-year life span that varied with life stages. Maintenance of this level of mobility by megafaunal species such as mammoth would have been increasingly difficult as the ice age ended and the environment changed at high latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Wooller
- Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA. .,Department of Marine Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Clement Bataille
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Druckenmiller
- University of Alaska Museum of the North, Fairbanks, AK, USA.,Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Gregory M Erickson
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Pamela Groves
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Norma Haubenstock
- Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Timothy Howe
- Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Johanna Irrgeher
- Department of General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - Daniel Mann
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Katherine Moon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ben A Potter
- Arctic Studies Center, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- Department of General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | | | - Joshua Reuther
- University of Alaska Museum of the North, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Karen J Spaleta
- Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Amy D Willis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Benitez L, Queenborough SA. Fruit trees drive small‐scale movement of elephants in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Benitez
- Yale School of the Environment Yale University New Haven CT USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal VA USA
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12
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African forest elephant movements depend on time scale and individual behavior. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12634. [PMID: 34135350 PMCID: PMC8208977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The critically endangered African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) plays a vital role in maintaining the structure and composition of Afrotropical forests, but basic information is lacking regarding the drivers of elephant movement and behavior at landscape scales. We use GPS location data from 96 individuals throughout Gabon to determine how five movement behaviors vary at different scales, how they are influenced by anthropogenic and environmental covariates, and to assess evidence for behavioral syndromes-elephants which share suites of similar movement traits. Elephants show some evidence of behavioral syndromes along an 'idler' to 'explorer' axis-individuals that move more have larger home ranges and engage in more 'exploratory' movements. However, within these groups, forest elephants express remarkable inter-individual variation in movement behaviours. This variation highlights that no two elephants are the same and creates challenges for practitioners aiming to design conservation initiatives.
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13
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Laguardia A, Gobush K, Bourgeois S, Strindberg S, Abitsi G, Ebouta F, Fay J, Gopalaswamy A, Maisels F, Ogden R, White L, Stokes E. Assessing the feasibility of density estimation methodologies for African forest elephant at large spatial scales. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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14
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Ng CKC, Payne J, Oram F. Small habitat matrix: How does it work? AMBIO 2021; 50:601-614. [PMID: 32915445 PMCID: PMC7882646 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present herein our perspective of a novel Small Habitats Matrix (SHM) concept showing how small habitats on private lands are untapped but can be valuable for mitigating ecological degradation. Grounded by the realities in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, we model a discontinuous "stepping stones" linkage that includes both terrestrial and aquatic habitats to illustrate exactly how the SHM can be deployed. Taken together, the SHM is expected to optimize the meta-population vitality in monoculture landscapes for aerial, arboreal, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife communities. We also provide the tangible cost estimates and discuss how such a concept is both economically affordable and plausible to complement global conservation initiatives. By proposing a practical approach to conservation in the rapidly developing tropics, we present a perspective from "ground zero" that reaches out to fellow scientists, funders, activists and pro-environmental land owners who often ask, "What more can we do?"
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Keat-Chuan Ng
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia
| | - John Payne
- Borneo Rhino Alliance (BORA), Faculty Sains dan Sumber Alam, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Felicity Oram
- PONGO Alliance, Units S10-12, 1st Floor, The Peak Vista, Block B Lorong Puncak 1, Tanjung Lipat, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
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15
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Gellatly D, Marti S, Pajor EA, Meléndez DM, Moya D, Janzen ED, Yang X, Milani MR, Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS. Effect of a single subcutaneous injection of meloxicam on chronic indicators of pain and inflammatory responses in 2-month-old knife and band-castrated beef calves housed on pasture. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Wilson G, Gray RJ, Sofyan H. Identifying the variation in utilization density estimators and home ranges of elephant clans in Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-020-01426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Troup G, Doran B, Au J, King LE, Douglas-Hamilton I, Heinsohn R. Movement tortuosity and speed reveal the trade-offs of crop raiding for African elephants. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Beirne C, Meier AC, Brumagin G, Jasperse-Sjolander L, Lewis M, Masseloux J, Myers K, Fay M, Okouyi J, White LJT, Poulsen JR. Climatic and Resource Determinants of Forest Elephant Movements. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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King'ori E, Obanda V, Chiyo PI, Soriguer RC, Morrondo P, Angelone S. Patterns of helminth infection in Kenyan elephant populations. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:145. [PMID: 32188499 PMCID: PMC7081694 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dynamics of helminth infection in African elephant populations are poorly known. We examined the effects of age, sex, social structure and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as primary drivers of infection patterns within and between elephant populations. Methods Coprological methods were used to identify helminths and determine infection patterns in distinct elephant populations in Maasai Mara National Reserve, Tsavo East National Park, Amboseli National Park and Laikipia-Samburu Ecosystem. Gaussian finite mixture cluster analyses of egg dimensions were used to classify helminth eggs according to genera. Generalized linear models (GLM) and Chi-square analyses were used to test for variation in helminth infection patterns and to identify drivers in elephant populations. Results Helminth prevalence varied significantly between the studied populations. Nematode prevalence (96.3%) was over twice as high as that of trematodes (39.1%) in elephants. Trematode prevalence but not nematode prevalence varied between populations. Although we found no associations between helminth infection and elephant social groups (male vs family groups), the median helminth egg output (eggs per gram, epg) did vary between social groups: family groups had significantly higher median epg than solitary males or males in bachelor groups. Young males in mixed sex family groups had lower epg than females when controlling for population and age; these differences, however, were not statistically significant. The average NDVI over a three-month period varied between study locations. Cluster analyses based on egg measurements revealed the presence of Protofasciola sp., Brumptia sp., Murshidia sp., Quilonia sp. and Mammomonogamus sp. GLM analyses showed that the mean epg was positively influenced by a three-month cumulative mean NDVI and by social group; female social groups had higher epg than male groups. GLM analyses also revealed that epg varied between elephant populations: Samburu-Laikipia elephants had a higher and Tsavo elephants a lower epg than Amboseli elephants. Conclusions Elephants had infection patterns characterized by within- and between-population variation in prevalence and worm burden. Sociality and NDVI were the major drivers of epg but not of helminth prevalence. Gastrointestinal parasites can have a negative impact on the health of wild elephants, especially during resource scarcity. Thus, our results will be important when deciding intervention strategies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward King'ori
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Veterinary Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.,Veterinary Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vincent Obanda
- Veterinary Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick I Chiyo
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ramon C Soriguer
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patrocinio Morrondo
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Veterinary Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Samer Angelone
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain. .,Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Torre JA, Lechner AM, Wong EP, Magintan D, Saaban S, Campos‐Arceiz A. Using elephant movements to assess landscape connectivity under Peninsular Malaysia's central forest spine land use policy. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Antonio Torre
- School of Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
- Programa Jaguares de la Selva Maya, Bioconciencia A.C. Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Alex M. Lechner
- School of Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
- Mindset Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental StudiesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
| | - Ee P. Wong
- School of Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
- Mindset Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental StudiesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
| | - David Magintan
- Department of Wildlife and National Parks Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Salman Saaban
- Department of Wildlife and National Parks Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ahimsa Campos‐Arceiz
- School of Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
- Mindset Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental StudiesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Mengla China
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21
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Molina‐Vacas G, Muñoz‐Mas R, Martínez‐Capel F, Rodriguez‐Teijeiro JD, Le Fohlic G. Movement patterns of forest elephants (
Loxodonta cyclotis
Matschie, 1900) in the Odzala‐Kokoua National Park, Republic of Congo. Afr J Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Molina‐Vacas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology Ecology and Environmental Biology University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Rafael Muñoz‐Mas
- Institut d'Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres (IGIC) Universitat Politècnica de València València Spain
- GRECO Institute of Aquatic Ecology University of Girona Girona Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez‐Capel
- Institut d'Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres (IGIC) Universitat Politècnica de València València Spain
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Beirne C, Nuñez CL, Baldino M, Kim S, Knorr J, Minich T, Jin L, Xiao S, Mbamy W, Obiang GN, Masseloux J, Nkoghe T, Ebanega MO, Rundel C, Wright JP, Poulsen JR. Estimation of gut passage time of wild, free roaming forest elephants. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Beirne
- C. Beirne, C. L. Nuñez, M. Baldino, S. Kim, J. Knorr, T. Minich, J. Masseloux, J. P. Wright and J. R. Poulsen ✉ , Nicholas School of the Environment, PO Box 90328, Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chase L. Nuñez
- C. Beirne, C. L. Nuñez, M. Baldino, S. Kim, J. Knorr, T. Minich, J. Masseloux, J. P. Wright and J. R. Poulsen ✉ , Nicholas School of the Environment, PO Box 90328, Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Melissa Baldino
- C. Beirne, C. L. Nuñez, M. Baldino, S. Kim, J. Knorr, T. Minich, J. Masseloux, J. P. Wright and J. R. Poulsen ✉ , Nicholas School of the Environment, PO Box 90328, Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Seokmin Kim
- C. Beirne, C. L. Nuñez, M. Baldino, S. Kim, J. Knorr, T. Minich, J. Masseloux, J. P. Wright and J. R. Poulsen ✉ , Nicholas School of the Environment, PO Box 90328, Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Julia Knorr
- C. Beirne, C. L. Nuñez, M. Baldino, S. Kim, J. Knorr, T. Minich, J. Masseloux, J. P. Wright and J. R. Poulsen ✉ , Nicholas School of the Environment, PO Box 90328, Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Taylor Minich
- C. Beirne, C. L. Nuñez, M. Baldino, S. Kim, J. Knorr, T. Minich, J. Masseloux, J. P. Wright and J. R. Poulsen ✉ , Nicholas School of the Environment, PO Box 90328, Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lingrong Jin
- L. Jin and S. Xiao, Dept of Biology, Duke Univ., Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shuyun Xiao
- L. Jin and S. Xiao, Dept of Biology, Duke Univ., Durham, NC, USA
| | - Walter Mbamy
- W. Mbamy, G. N. Obiang, T. Nkoghe and M. O. Ebanega, Dépt de Géographie, Univ. Omar Bongo, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Guichard Ndzeng Obiang
- W. Mbamy, G. N. Obiang, T. Nkoghe and M. O. Ebanega, Dépt de Géographie, Univ. Omar Bongo, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Juliana Masseloux
- C. Beirne, C. L. Nuñez, M. Baldino, S. Kim, J. Knorr, T. Minich, J. Masseloux, J. P. Wright and J. R. Poulsen ✉ , Nicholas School of the Environment, PO Box 90328, Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tanguy Nkoghe
- W. Mbamy, G. N. Obiang, T. Nkoghe and M. O. Ebanega, Dépt de Géographie, Univ. Omar Bongo, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Médard Obiang Ebanega
- W. Mbamy, G. N. Obiang, T. Nkoghe and M. O. Ebanega, Dépt de Géographie, Univ. Omar Bongo, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Colin Rundel
- C. Rundel, Dept of Statistical Science, Duke Univ., Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justin P. Wright
- C. Beirne, C. L. Nuñez, M. Baldino, S. Kim, J. Knorr, T. Minich, J. Masseloux, J. P. Wright and J. R. Poulsen ✉ , Nicholas School of the Environment, PO Box 90328, Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - John R. Poulsen
- C. Beirne, C. L. Nuñez, M. Baldino, S. Kim, J. Knorr, T. Minich, J. Masseloux, J. P. Wright and J. R. Poulsen ✉ , Nicholas School of the Environment, PO Box 90328, Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Cardoso AW, Malhi Y, Oliveras I, Lehmann D, Ndong JE, Dimoto E, Bush E, Jeffery K, Labriere N, Lewis SL, White LTJ, Bond W, Abernethy K. The Role of Forest Elephants in Shaping Tropical Forest–Savanna Coexistence. Ecosystems 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-019-00424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Morrison RE, Groenenberg M, Breuer T, Manguette ML, Walsh PD. Hierarchical social modularity in gorillas. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190681. [PMID: 31288709 PMCID: PMC6650716 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern human societies show hierarchical social modularity (HSM) in which lower-order social units like nuclear families are nested inside increasingly larger units. It has been argued that this HSM evolved independently and after the chimpanzee-human split due to greater recognition of, and bonding between, dispersed kin. We used network modularity analysis and hierarchical clustering to quantify community structure within two western lowland gorilla populations. In both communities, we detected two hierarchically nested tiers of social structure which have not been previously quantified. Both tiers map closely to human social tiers. Genetic data from one population suggested that, as in humans, social unit membership was kin structured. The sizes of gorilla social units also showed the kind of consistent scaling ratio between social tiers observed in humans, baboons, toothed whales, and elephants. These results indicate that the hierarchical social organization observed in humans may have evolved far earlier than previously asserted and may not be a product of the social brain evolution unique to the hominin lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E. Morrison
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK
| | - Milou Groenenberg
- Mbeli Bai Study, Wildlife Conservation Society - Congo Program, B.P. 14537 Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Thomas Breuer
- Mbeli Bai Study, Wildlife Conservation Society - Congo Program, B.P. 14537 Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- World Wide Fund for Nature, Reinhardtstrasse 18, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie L. Manguette
- Mbeli Bai Study, Wildlife Conservation Society - Congo Program, B.P. 14537 Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter D. Walsh
- Apes Incorporated, 5301 Westbard Circle, Bethesda, MD 20816, USA
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Grogan J, Plumptre A, Mabonga J, Nampindo S, Nsubuga M, Balmford A. Ranging behaviour of Uganda’s elephants. Afr J Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Grogan
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Andrew Plumptre
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx New York
| | - Joshua Mabonga
- Uganda Program Wildlife Conservation Society Kampala Uganda
| | - Simon Nampindo
- Uganda Program Wildlife Conservation Society Kampala Uganda
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