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Ma H, Li J, Luo A, Lv H, Ren Z, Yang H, Fang X, Shahzad MA, Qu H, Zhang K, Wang Q, Zheng S. Vanillin, a Newly Discovered Autotoxic Substance in Long-Term Potato Continuous Cropping Soil, Inhibits Plant Growth by Decreasing the Root Auxin Content and Reducing Adventitious Root Numbers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37905798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids are known to reduce root biomass and hinder plant development, but it is unclear how they affect potato root traits. Over a 10 year field experiment, we found a negative correlation between the potato yield and continuous cropping years. The substantial reduction in adventitious root (AR) numbers was found to be primarily inhibited by soil vanillin accumulation. The study also found that vanillin had a more pronounced inhibitory effect on the potato yield than commonly reported ferulic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The decrease in yield was attributed to the reduction of root indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, which impeded the formation of AR. Exogenous IAA was found to increase the root IAA content and stimulate AR formation under vanillin stress, ultimately leading to an increase in the potato yield. This study provides valuable insights into potential strategies for the degradation of autotoxic substances and breeding of potato cultivars with enhanced resistance to autotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Junji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Luo
- Potato Research Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Heping Lv
- Potato Research Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhitong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Amir Shahzad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Qu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunlin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tuber Crop Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu Joyson Agricultural Technology Company, Limited, Xindu, Sichuan 610500, People's Republic of China
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Shoba SA, Gracheva TA, Fedotov GN, Ter-Petrosyants GE, Jancharov TM, Gorepekin IV, Ushkova DA. Allelotoxicity of Greenhouse Substrates after Vegetable Cultivation. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2023; 510:172-175. [PMID: 37582994 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Crop exposure to stress during cultivation is known to reduce the yield and to cause the release of allelotoxins from plants into soil. It was assumed that allelotoxin release may considerably affect the vegetable growth in greenhouses and that a decrease in the allelotoxin concentration in greenhouse substrates may improve the plant growth. To verify the assumptions, allelotoxicity and microbial contents were determined in greenhouse substrates in which cucumber, tomato, and pepper plants grew well or poorly. The allelotoxin content was found to be higher and the prokaryote content, lower in the substrates of poorly growing plants. The finding confirmed the assumption that allelotoxins significantly influence the cultivation of vegetables in greenhouses. Treating the plant root zone with humate solutions having a high allelotoxin absorption capacity appreciably improved the cucumber plant growth and was assumed to provide a promising means to increase the vegetable yields in greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Shoba
- Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | - T M Jancharov
- Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
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Deng L, Luo L, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Zi B, Ye C, Liu Y, Huang H, Mei X, Deng W, He X, Zhu S, Yang M. Autotoxic Ginsenoside Stress Induces Changes in Root Exudates to Recruit the Beneficial Burkholderia Strain B36 as Revealed by Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Approaches. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4536-4549. [PMID: 36893094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants can recruit beneficial microbes to help improve their fitness under abiotic or biotic stress. Our previous studies found that Panax notoginseng could enrich beneficial Burkholderia sp. B36 in the rhizosphere soil under autotoxic ginsenoside stress. Here, we clarified that ginsenoside stress activated the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and α-linolenic acid metabolism pathways of roots to increase the secretion of cinnamic acid, 2-dodecenoic acid, and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. These metabolites could promote the growth of B36. Importantly, cinnamic acid could simultaneously promote the chemotaxis and growth of B36, enhance the colonization of B36 in the rhizosphere, and eventually increase the survival rate of P. notoginseng. Overall, the plants could promote the growth and colonization of beneficial bacteria through key metabolites in root exudates under autotoxin stress. This finding will facilitate the practical application of beneficial bacteria in agricultural production and lead to successful and reproducible biocontrol efficacy by the exogenous addition of key metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmei Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Lifen Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Luotao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Junxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Bianxian Zi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Chen Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Huichuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Xinyue Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Weiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Xiahong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
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Li S, Shang XJ, Luo QX, Yan Q, Hou R. Effects of the dual inoculation of dark septate endophytes and Trichoderma koningiopsis on blueberry growth and rhizosphere soil microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:6994522. [PMID: 36669762 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Blueberry is a shallow root plant in which the absorption of nutrients is inefficient, resulting in slow growth under artificial cultivation conditions. Endophytes play an important role in promoting plant growth; however, the effects of Trichoderma spp. and dark septate endophytes (DSEs) on host plant growth and soil microorganisms are still debatable. We isolated two endophytic fungal species, Trichoderma koningiopsis (TK) and a DSE (Amesia nigricolor; AN), from blueberry roots, which can solubilize insoluble phosphorus and produce amylase and cellulase to promote plant growth. We found that under dual inoculation, the colonization rate and colonization intensity of TK were higher than they were under single inoculation with TK, while the colonization rate and colonization intensity of AN were lower under dual inoculation than under single inoculation with AN. The plant nutrients, root activity, available potassium, and parts of soil phosphatase activities were highest under dual inoculation. TK inoculation resulted in the highest diversity and richness in the soil fungi and bacteria, followed by dual inoculation. The abundance of Ascomycota, Acidobacteriae, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota increased significantly, resulting in Trichoderma and Vicinamibacteria inoculated with TK, Chaetomium and Alicyclobacillales inoculated with AN, and Hypocreales and Burkholderiaceae with dual inoculation enriched in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qi-Xing Luo
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qian Yan
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rui Hou
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Lee SK, Chiang MS, Hseu ZY, Kuo CH, Liu CT. A photosynthetic bacterial inoculant exerts beneficial effects on the yield and quality of tomato and affects bacterial community structure in an organic field. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:959080. [PMID: 36118214 PMCID: PMC9479686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.959080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are microorganisms that promote plant health and play a critical role in sustainable agriculture. As a PGPR, Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain PS3, when applied as a microbial inoculant, exhibited beneficial effects on a variety of crops. In this study, we investigated the effects of PS3 on tomato growth, soil properties, and soil microbiota composition in an organic field. The results demonstrated that PS3 inoculation significantly improved the yield of marketable tomato fruit (37%) and the postharvest quality (e.g., sweetness, taste, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, and lycopene). Additionally, soil nutrient availability (35–56%) and enzymatic activities (13–62%) also increased. We detected that approximately 107 CFU/g soil of R. palustris survived in the PS3-treated soil after harvest. Furthermore, several bacterial genera known to be associated with nutrient cycling (e.g., Dyella, Novosphingobium, Luteimonas, Haliangium, and Thermomonas) had higher relative abundances (log2 fold change >2.0). To validate the results of the field experiment, we further conducted pot experiments with field-collected soil using two different tomato cultivars and obtained consistent results. Notably, the relative abundance of putative PGPRs in the genus Haliangium increased with PS3 inoculation in both cultivars (1.5 and 34.2%, respectively), suggesting that this genus may have synergistic interactions with PS3. Taken together, we further demonstrated the value of PS3 in sustainable agriculture and provided novel knowledge regarding the effects of this PGPR on soil microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kuan Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shu Chiang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zeng-Yei Hseu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chih-Horng Kuo,
| | - Chi-Te Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chi-Te Liu,
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6
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Du J, Gao Q, Ji C, Song X, Liu Y, Li H, Li C, Zhang P, Li J, Liu X. Bacillus licheniformis JF-22 to Control Meloidogyne incognita and Its Effect on Tomato Rhizosphere Microbial Community. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:863341. [PMID: 35464941 PMCID: PMC9022077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.863341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most destructive soil pests, causing serious economic losses in tomato production. Here, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the Bacillus licheniformis strain JF-22 has the potential to prevent M. incognita infection. A pot experiment confirmed that B. licheniformis strain JF-22 isolated from the tomato rhizosphere soil and planted in the tomato root-knot nematode disease area effectively prevented and controlled M. incognita, reducing its negative effect on tomato growth. Additionally, the composition of volatile substances secreted by B. licheniformis strain JF-22 was analyzed using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We detected acetoin, 2,3-Butanediol, [R-(R*,R*) ]-, and hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane as the main components among these volatiles. Using MiSeq sequencing technology and bioinformatics, we analyzed the influence of B. licheniformis strain JF-22 on the microbial community of the tomato rhizosphere. B. licheniformis strain JF-22 changed the composition of the microbial community; particularly, it significantly reduced the diversity of the fungal community. Furthermore, using the FUNGuild and PICRUSt databases, we predicted the effect of JF-22 on microbial community function. In conclusion, B. licheniformis strain JF-22 may be considered as a potential biocontrol agent against M. incognita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Du
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qixiong Gao
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chao Ji
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Xin Song
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Huying Li
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chaohui Li
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jintai Li
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xunli Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Autotoxin Rg 1 Induces Degradation of Root Cell Walls and Aggravates Root Rot by Modifying the Rhizospheric Microbiome. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0167921. [PMID: 34908454 PMCID: PMC8672892 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01679-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of crop root rot disease is one of the key factors in ensuring sustainable development in agricultural production. The accumulation of autotoxins and pathogens in soil has been reported as a primary driver of root rot diseases; however, less is known about the correlation of plants, their associated pathogens and microbiome mediated by autotoxins as well as the contributions autotoxins make to the occurrence of root rot disease. Here, we integrated metabolomic, transcriptomic, and rhizosphere microbiome analyses to identify the root cell wall degradants cellobiose and d-galacturonic acid as being induced by the autotoxic ginsenoside Rg1 of Panax notoginseng, and we found that exogenous cellobiose and d-galacturonic acid in addition to Rg1 could aggravate root rot disease by modifying the rhizosphere microbiome. Microorganisms that correlated positively with root rot disease were enriched and those that correlated negatively were suppressed by exogenous cellobiose, d-galacturonic acid, and Rg1. In particular, they promoted the growth and infection of the soilborne pathogen Ilyonectria destructans by upregulating pathogenicity-related genes. Cellobiose showed the highest ability to modify the microbiome and enhance pathogenicity, followed by Rg1 and then d-galacturonic acid. Collectively, autotoxins damaged root systems to release a series of cell wall degradants, some of which modified the rhizosphere microbiome so that the host plant became more susceptible to root rot disease. IMPORTANCE The accumulation of autotoxins and pathogens in soil has been reported as a primary driver of root rot disease and one of the key factors limiting sustainable development in agricultural production. However, less is known about the correlation of plants, their associated pathogens, and the microbiome mediated by autotoxins, as well as the contributions autotoxins make to the occurrence of root rot disease. In our study, we found that autotoxins can damage root systems, thus releasing a series of cell wall degradants, and both autotoxins and the cell wall degradants they induce could aggravate root rot disease by reassembling the rhizosphere microbiome, resulting in the enrichment of pathogens and microorganisms positively related to the disease but the suppression of beneficial microorganisms. Deciphering this mechanism among plants, their associated pathogens, and the microbiome mediated by autotoxins will advance our fundamental knowledge of and ability to degrade autotoxins or employ microbiome to alleviate root rot disease in agricultural systems.
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Tian GL, Bi YM, Jiao XL, Zhang XM, Li JF, Niu FB, Gao WW. Application of vermicompost and biochar suppresses Fusarium root rot of replanted American ginseng. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6977-6991. [PMID: 34436649 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Soil sterilization integrated with agronomic measures is an effective method to reduce soilborne replant diseases. However, the effect of vermicompost or biochar application after soil sterilization on soilborne diseases is poorly understood. A pot experiment was conducted in American ginseng to investigate the effects of vermicompost (VF), biochar (BF), and a combination of vermicompost and biochar (VBF) applied after soil sterilization on the incidence of Fusarium root rot using natural recovery (F) as control. After one growing season, the disease index of root rot, the phenolic acids, and the microbial communities of American ginseng rhizosphere soil were analyzed. The disease index of VF, BF, and VBF decreased by 33.32%, 19.03%, and 80.96%, respectively, compared with F. The highest bacterial richness and diversity were observed in the rhizosphere soil of VBF. Besides, VF and VBF significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Pseudomonas, Lysobacter, and Chryseolinea) in the rhizosphere soil. Higher concentrations of vanillin, one of the phenolic acids in the roots exudates, were recorded in the rhizosphere soils of BF and VBF. The vanillin concentration showed a significant negative correlation with the disease index. To conclude, vermicompost improved the beneficial bacteria of the rhizosphere soil, while biochar regulated the allelopathic effect of the phenolic acids. The study proposes a combined application of biochar and vermicompost to the rhizosphere soil to control Fusarium root rot of replanted American ginseng effectively. KEY POINTS: Vermicompost improves the relative abundance of rhizosphere beneficial bacteria. Biochar inhibits the degradation of phenolic acids by adsorption. The combination of vermicompost and biochar enhances the disease control effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gei-Lin Tian
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Yan-Meng Bi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Jiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun-Fei Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fang-Bing Niu
- College of Business Administration, Heze University, Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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9
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Contardi M, Lenzuni M, Fiorentini F, Summa M, Bertorelli R, Suarato G, Athanassiou A. Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Derivatives Formulations for Skin Damages and Disorders: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:999. [PMID: 34371691 PMCID: PMC8309026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of skin homeostasis are widely diffused in our everyday life both due to accidental injuries, such as wounds and burns, and physiological conditions, such as late-stage diabetes, dermatitis, or psoriasis. These events are locally characterized by an intense inflammatory response, a high generation of harmful free radicals, or an impairment in the immune response regulation, which can profoundly change the skin tissue' repair process, vulnerability, and functionality. Moreover, diabetes diffusion, antibiotic resistance, and abuse of aggressive soaps and disinfectants following the COVID-19 emergency could be causes for the future spreading of skin disorders. In the last years, hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives have been investigated and applied in several research fields for their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial activities. First, in this study, we give an overview of these natural molecules' current source and applications. Afterwards, we review their potential role as valid alternatives to the current therapies, supporting the management and rebalancing of skin disorders and diseases at different levels. Also, we will introduce the recent advances in the design of biomaterials loaded with these phenolic compounds, specifically suitable for skin disorders treatments. Lastly, we will suggest future perspectives for introducing hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives in treating skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Contardi
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Martina Lenzuni
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
- DIBRIS, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fiorentini
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
- DIBRIS, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Translational Pharmacology, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Translational Pharmacology, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Giulia Suarato
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
- Translational Pharmacology, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Athanassia Athanassiou
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
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10
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Syringic Acid Alleviates Cesium-Induced Growth Defect in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239116. [PMID: 33266116 PMCID: PMC7730055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Syringic acid, a phenolic compound, serves a variety of beneficial functions in cells. Syringic acid increases in plants in response to cesium, and exogenous application of syringic acid resulted in a significant attenuation of cesium-induced growth defects in Arabidopsis. In addition, cesium or syringic acid application to plants also resulted in increased lignin deposition in interfascicular fibers. To better understand the role of lignin and syringic acid in attenuating cesium-induced growth defects, two mutants for Arabidopsis REDUCED EPIDERMAL FLUORESCENE 4 (REF4) and fourteen laccase mutants, some of which have lower levels of lignin, were evaluated for their response to cesium. These mutants responded differently to cesium stress, compared to control plants, and the application of syringic acid alleviated cesium-induced growth defects in the laccase mutants but not in the ref4 mutants. These findings imply that lignin plays a role in cesium signaling but the attenuation of cesium stress defects by syringic acid is mediated by regulatory components of lignin biosynthesis and not lignin biosynthesis itself. In contrast, syringic acid did not alleviate any low potassium-induced growth defects. Collectively, our findings provide the first established link between lignin and cesium stress via syringic acid in plants.
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Control of Fusarium wilt by wheat straw is associated with microbial network changes in watermelon rhizosphere. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12736. [PMID: 32728175 PMCID: PMC7391731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Straw return is an effective strategy to alleviate soil-borne diseases. Though watermelon Fusarium wilt is a severe soil-borne disease, the effect of wheat straw on the disease remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the effects of wheat straw on soil bacterial and fungal communities by adding wheat straw to consecutive watermelon soil in the greenhouse condition. The microbiome changes were further investigated using network analysis based on 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer deep sequencing. Wheat straw addition increased the fungal community diversity, whereas the bacterial diversity was not affected. Compared to the control group, the relative abundance of some bacteria, including Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Saccharibacteria, was increased with wheat straw addition. For fungi, the relative abundance of Fusarium was decreased with wheat straw addition. Microbial network analysis demonstrated that the fungal community has a more complex connection than the bacterial community. In addition, redundancy analysis indicated that the Fusarium genera were significantly related to the disease index. Taken together, the addition of wheat straw might affect the microbial community through increasing the relative abundance of phylum Actinobacteria, decreasing the relative abundance of Fusarium, and increasing the fungal network complexity to enhance the defense of watermelon against Fusarium wilt disease.
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Yang J, Wei S, Su D, Zhang Z, Chen S, Luo Z, Shen X, Lai Y, Jamil A, Tong J, Cui X. Comparison of the Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community Structure and Diversity Between Powdery Mildew-Infected and Noninfected Strawberry Plants in a Greenhouse by High-Throughput Sequencing Technology. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1724-1736. [PMID: 32314037 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the microbial community structure and diversity in powdery mildew-infected and noninfected strawberry plant rhizosphere soils in the greenhouse based on variations in the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 and fungal ITS2 regions by Illumina amplicon sequencing. Powdery mildew infection reduced the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and prokaryotic and fungal community richness/diversity indexes in the rhizosphere soils compared with those in healthy plant soils. Furthermore, 3543 prokaryotic and 581 fungal OTUs were obtained at the 97% similarity level. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla; Woesearchaeota_DHVEG-6, Bathyarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota were the dominant archaea; and Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, unclassified_fungi, and Zygomycota were the dominant fungal phyla. Their proportions differed significantly among samples. Wolbachia, Devosia, Pseudolabrys, Streptomyces, and Rhizomicrobium were the most abundant bacterial genera; their proportions differed significantly among samples. Most Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and 'norank' group members might be potential antagonistic microorganisms of powdery mildew pathogens, and Wolbachia and Rickettsia might be pathogen-transmitting vectors. Microascus, Clitopilus, and Ciliophora were the dominant fungi, and their community structures and abundances significantly differed among samples. Microascus, Talaromyces, Zopfiella, and Cryptococcus were relatively more abundant in the powdery mildew-infected strawberry plant rhizosphere soils. Fusarium, Trichoderma, Clitopilus, and 'unclassified' group members may be potential antagonistic populations. The results suggested that powdery mildew-infected strawberry fruits and plants cannot be consumed. This report is the first study to illustrate differences in the rhizosphere soil prokaryotic and fungal communities between powdery mildew-infected and noninfected strawberry plants in a greenhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Wei
- Kunming Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Daifa Su
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Zhang
- Kunming Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyan Chen
- Kunming Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- Kunming Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Shen
- Kunming Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Arslan Jamil
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyun Tong
- Kunming Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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O'Banion BS, O'Neal L, Alexandre G, Lebeis SL. Bridging the Gap Between Single-Strain and Community-Level Plant-Microbe Chemical Interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:124-134. [PMID: 31687914 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-19-0115-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the influence of microbiomes on the health of plant hosts is evident, specific mechanisms shaping the structure and dynamics of microbial communities in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere are only beginning to become clear. Traditionally, plant-microbe interactions have been studied using cultured microbial isolates and plant hosts but the rising use of 'omics tools provides novel snapshots of the total complex community in situ. Here, we discuss the recent advances in tools and techniques used to monitor plant-microbe interactions and the chemical signals that influence these relationships in above- and belowground tissues. Particularly, we highlight advances in integrated microscopy that allow observation of the chemical exchange between individual plant and microbial cells, as well as high-throughput, culture-independent approaches to investigate the total genetic and metabolic contribution of the community. The chemicals discussed have been identified as relevant signals across experimental spectrums. However, mechanistic insight into the specific interactions mediated by many of these chemicals requires further testing. Experimental designs that attempt to bridge the gap in biotic complexity between single strains and whole communities will advance our understanding of the chemical signals governing plant-microbe associations in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget S O'Banion
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, U.S.A
| | - Lindsey O'Neal
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee
| | - Gladys Alexandre
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee
| | - Sarah L Lebeis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, U.S.A
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14
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The Trichoderma viride F-00612 consortium tolerates 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one and degrades nitrated benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one. CHEMOECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-020-00300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNumerous allelopathic plant secondary metabolites impact plant–microorganism interactions by injuring plant-associated beneficial bacteria and fungi. Fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma positively influence crops, including benzoxazinone-containing maize. However, benzoxazinones and their downstream metabolites such as benzoxazolinone and phenoxazinones are often fungitoxic. Specimen Trichoderma viride F-00612 was found to be insensitive to 100-µM phenoxazinone and 500-µM benzoxazolinone. Screening of 46 additional specimens of ascomycetes revealed insensitivity to phenoxazinones among fungi that cause disease in benzoxazinone-producing cereal crops, whereas many other ascomycetes were highly sensitive. In contrast, most of the screened fungi were insensitive to benzoxazolinone. T. viride F-00612 was associated with bacteria and, thus, existed as a consortium. By contrast, Enterobacter species and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were prominent in the original specimen, and Bacillus species predominated after antibiotic application. Prolonged cultivation of T. viride F-00612 in liquid medium and on Czapek agar in the presence of < 100 µM phenoxazinone and < 500 µM benzoxazolinone resulted in a massive loss of bacteria accompanied by impacted fungal growth in the presence of phenoxazinone. The original consortium was actively involved in implementing metabolic sequences for the degradation and detoxification of nitrated benzoxazolinone derivatives. The 2-aminophenol was rapidly converted into acetamidophenol, but benzoxazolinone, methoxylated benzoxazolinone, and picolinic acid remained unchanged. Excluding phenoxazinone, none of the tested compounds markedly impaired fungal growth in liquid culture. In conclusion, members of the T. viride F-00612 consortium may contribute to the ability to manage benzoxazinone downstream products and facilitate BOA-6-OH degradation via nitration.
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Zhou D, Jing T, Chen Y, Wang F, Qi D, Feng R, Xie J, Li H. Deciphering microbial diversity associated with Fusarium wilt-diseased and disease-free banana rhizosphere soil. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:161. [PMID: 31299891 PMCID: PMC6626388 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.) caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is a typical soilborne disease, that severely devastates the banana industry worldwide, and soil microbial diversity is closely related to the spread of Fusarium wilt. To understand the relationship between microbial species and Fusarium wilt, it is important to understand the microbial diversity of the Fusarium wilt-diseased and disease-free soils from banana fields. Results Based on sequencing analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, Foc abundance, fungal or bacterial richness and diversity were higher in the diseased soils than in the disease-free soils. Although Ascomycota and Zygomycota were the most abundant fungi phyla in all soil samples, Ascomycota abundance was significantly reduced in the disease-free soils. Mortierella (36.64%) was predominant in the disease-free soils. Regarding bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, Nitrospirae, Verrucomicrobia and Planctomycetes were dominant phyla in all soil samples. In particular, Firmicutes contributed 16.20% of the total abundance of disease-free soils. At the bacterial genus level, Bacillus, Lactococcus and Pseudomonas were abundant in disease-free soils with abundances of 8.20, 5.81 and 2.71%, respectively; lower abundances, of 4.12, 2.35 and 1.36%, respectively, were found in diseased soils. The distribution characteristics of fungal and bacterial genera may contribute to the abundance decrease of Foc in the disease-free soils. Conclusion Unique distributions of bacteria and fungi were observed in the diseased and disease-free soil samples from banana fields. These specific genera are useful for constructing a healthy microbial community structure of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengbo Zhou
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Tao Jing
- Haikou Experimental Station, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dengfeng Qi
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Renjun Feng
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Huaping Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Rotations with Indian Mustard and Wild Rocket Suppressed Cucumber Fusarium Wilt Disease and Changed Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020057. [PMID: 30795626 PMCID: PMC6407113 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop monocropping usually results in an enrichment of soil-borne pathogens in soil. Crop rotation is an environmentally friendly method for controlling soil-borne diseases. Plant rhizosphere microorganisms, especially plant-beneficial microorganisms, play a major role in protecting plants from pathogens, but responses of these microorganisms to crop rotation remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of rotations with Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) on cucumber Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum (FOC). Cucumber rhizosphere bacterial community composition was analyzed by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (an antifungal secondary metabolite) producer and FOC abundances were estimated by real-time PCR. Rotations with Indian mustard and wild rocket suppressed cucumber Fusarium wilt disease and cucumber rhizosphere FOC abundance. Crop rotations increased cucumber rhizosphere bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producer abundances. Moreover, crop rotations changed cucumber rhizosphere bacterial community composition and increased bacterial community diversity. However, crop rotations decreased soil inorganic nitrogen content and inhibited cucumber seedling growth. Overall, rotations with Indian mustard and wild rocket suppressed cucumber Fusarium wilt disease, which might be linked to the increased rhizosphere bacterial diversity and abundances of potential plant-beneficial microorganisms (such as Pseudomonas spp. and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producer).
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