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Da Silva C, Lamarche C, Pichereaux C, Mouton-Barbosa E, Demol G, Boisne S, Dague E, Burlet-Schiltz O, Pillet F, Rols MP. Bacterial eradication by a low-energy pulsed electron beam generator. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108593. [PMID: 37995503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Low-energy electron beams (LEEB) are a safe and practical sterilization solution for in-line industrial applications, such as sterilizing medical products. However, their low dose rate induces product degradation, and the limited maximal energy prohibits high-throughput applications. To address this, we developed a low-energy 'pulsed' electron beam generator (LEPEB) and evaluated its efficacy and mechanism of action. Bacillus pumilus vegetative cells and spores were irradiated with a 250 keV LEPEB system at a 100 Hz pulse repetition frequency and a pulse duration of only 10 ns. This produced highly efficient bacterial inactivation at a rate of >6 log10, the level required for sterilization in industrial applications, with only two pulses for vegetative bacteria (20 ms) and eight pulses for spores (80 ms). LEPEB induced no morphological or structural defects, but decreased cell wall hydrophobicity in vegetative cells, which may inhibit biofilm formation. Single- and double-strand DNA breaks and pyrimidine dimer formation were also observed, likely causing cell death. Together, the unique combination of high dose rate and nanosecond delivery of LEPEB enable effective and high-throughput bacterial eradication for direct integration into production lines in a wide range of industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Da Silva
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Lamarche
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; ITHPP-Alcen, Hameau de Drèle, Thégra, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Fédération de Recherche (FR3450), Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité, AIB, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mouton-Barbosa
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Etienne Dague
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Flavien Pillet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Rodríguez-Méndez BG, Hernández-Arias AN, Gutiérrez-León DG, López-Callejas R, Mercado-Cabrera A, Jaramillo-Sierra B, Peña-Eguiluz R, Valencia-Alvarado R, Alcántara-Díaz D. Effect of voltage and oxygen on inactivation of E. coli and S. typhi using pulsed dielectric barrier discharge. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107879. [PMID: 34217098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the study of the voltage and oxygen effect on bacterial inactivation in water using a pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) under atmospheric pressure, where Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) bacteria were used as model microorganisms. A cylindrical DBD reactor was developed and tested in applications to assay the efficiency of bacterial inactivation in water on a volume of 500 mL flowing continuously throughout the system assisted with a peristaltic pump at 4.4 ± 0.1 mL/s. The efficiency of the treatment reached a 6-log10 reduction for both E. coli and S. typhi bacteria at 106 CFU/mL of concentration at the end of the first cycle of treatment at a minimum voltage of 12 kV with oxygen bubbling gas, concluding that there was a minimum voltage to produce inactivation of E. coli and S. typhi samples. Bacterial inactivation without the oxygen condition contrasted with the high rate of inactivation with oxygen at relatively low voltage discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Rodríguez-Méndez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca S/N, Ocoyoacac, Estado de México C.P. 52750, Mexico.
| | - A N Hernández-Arias
- Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Tianguistenco, Carretera Tenango, Santiago-La Marquesa 22, Santiago Tilapa, Estado de México C.P. 52650, Mexico
| | - D G Gutiérrez-León
- Universidad Politécnica de Guanajuato, Avenida Universidad Sur 1001, Comunidad Juan Alonso, Cortázar, Guanajuato C.P. 38496, Mexico
| | - R López-Callejas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca S/N, Ocoyoacac, Estado de México C.P. 52750, Mexico
| | - A Mercado-Cabrera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca S/N, Ocoyoacac, Estado de México C.P. 52750, Mexico
| | - B Jaramillo-Sierra
- Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Tianguistenco, Carretera Tenango, Santiago-La Marquesa 22, Santiago Tilapa, Estado de México C.P. 52650, Mexico
| | - R Peña-Eguiluz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca S/N, Ocoyoacac, Estado de México C.P. 52750, Mexico
| | - R Valencia-Alvarado
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca S/N, Ocoyoacac, Estado de México C.P. 52750, Mexico
| | - D Alcántara-Díaz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca S/N, Ocoyoacac, Estado de México C.P. 52750, Mexico
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Fu Y, Liang L, Deng S, Wu Y, Yuan Y, Gao M. Novel spore lytic enzyme from a Bacillus phage leading to spore killing. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 142:109698. [PMID: 33220860 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial spores maintain metabolic dormancy and have high resistance to external pressure. Germination requires degradation of the spore cortex and the participation of germination-specific cortex-lytic enzymes (GSLEs). Previously reported GSLEs have been identified in bacteria and facilitate germination. In this study, we have characterized a novel spore lytic enzyme, Ply67, from Bacillus pumilus phage vB_BpuM_BpSp. Ply67 had a similar cortex-lytic activity to GSLEs but disrupted the inner membranes (IMs) of spores, leading to spore killing rather than germination. The amino acid sequence of the complete protein, Ply67FL, exhibited 40% homology to the GSLE SleB. Domain prediction showed that Ply67FL was composed of three domains: a signal peptide, N-terminal domain protein and C-terminal domain protein. Ply67FL rapidly caused E. coli cells lysis when it was expressed in E. coli. The protein containing the C-terminal domain protein, Ply67C, could kill B. pumilus spores. The protein containing the N-terminal domain protein, Ply67N, could combine with the decoated B. pumilus spores, indicating that N-terminal was the binding domain and C-terminal was the hydrolase domain. The protein lacking the signal peptide but containing the N-terminal and C-terminal domain proteins, Ply67, had activity against spores of various Bacillus species. The surface of spores treated with Ply67 shrank and the permeability barrier was disrupted, and the inner contents leaked out. Immunoelectron microscopic observation showed that Ply67 was mainly acted on the spore cortex. Overall, Ply67 is a novel spore lytic enzyme that differs from other GSLEs not only in amino acid sequence but also in activity against spores, and Ply67 might have the potential to kill spores of pathogenic Bacillus species, e.g., B. cereus and B. anthracis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Fu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China
| | - Leiqin Liang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China
| | - Sangsang Deng
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China
| | - Yan Wu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Yihui Yuan
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Meiying Gao
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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Arreola J, Keusgen M, Wagner T, Schöning MJ. Combined calorimetric gas- and spore-based biosensor array for online monitoring and sterility assurance of gaseous hydrogen peroxide in aseptic filling machines. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 143:111628. [PMID: 31476599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A combined calorimetric gas- and spore-based biosensor array is presented in this work to monitor and evaluate the sterilization efficacy of gaseous hydrogen peroxide in aseptic filling machines. H2O2 has been successfully measured under industrial conditions. Furthermore, the effect of H2O2 on three different spore strains , namely Bacillus atrophaeus, Bacillus subtilis and Geobacillus stearothermophilus, has been investigated by means of SEM, AFM and impedimetric measurements. In addition, the sterilization efficacy of a spore-based biosensor and the functioning principle are addressed and discussed: the sensor array is convenient to be used in aseptic food industry to guarantee sterile packages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Arreola
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Campus Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Keusgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Wagner
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Campus Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Complex Systems 8 (ICS-8), Research Centre Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Campus Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Complex Systems 8 (ICS-8), Research Centre Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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Estifaee P, Su X, Yannam SK, Rogers S, Thagard SM. Mechanism of E. coli Inactivation by Direct-in-liquid Electrical Discharge Plasma in Low Conductivity Solutions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2326. [PMID: 30787358 PMCID: PMC6382884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This work investigates and reveals the main mechanism(s) responsible for inactivation of E. coli by in-liquid pulsed electrical discharge plasma in low conductivity solutions. Experiments were designed and performed to explore the effects of plasma-emitted UV light, oxidative radicals, and electric field on E. coli inactivation curves, rate of DNA leakage and visual appearance of the treated microorganisms. Results showed that electric field had the main role in inactivation; scanning electron microscopy images revealed that both plasma and the isolated electric field result in extensive cell wall disruptions. While this damage in the case of plasma treatment was extensive and distributed randomly along the envelope, the electric field-induced damage resulted in disruption primarily at the poles of the bacterial rods. Subsequent experiments conducted with an oxidative radical scavenger suggested that plasma-generated radicals do not contribute directly to the inactivation but assist in cell wall deterioration and extension of the ruptures first generated by the electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Estifaee
- Clarkson University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - X Su
- Clarkson University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - S K Yannam
- Clarkson University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - S Rogers
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5710, USA
| | - S Mededovic Thagard
- Clarkson University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA.
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