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Godínez-Pérez CM, Loza A, Hurtado JM, Gutiérrez-Ríos RM. The benzoyl-CoA pathway serves as a genomic marker to identify the oxygen requirements in the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1308626. [PMID: 38264488 PMCID: PMC10803450 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1308626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The first step of anaerobic benzoate degradation is the formation of benzoyl-coenzyme A by benzoate-coenzyme A ligase (BCL). The anaerobic route is steered by benzoyl-CoA reductase, which promotes benzoyl-CoA breakdown, which is subsequently oxidized. In certain bacteria at low oxygen conditions, the aerobic metabolism of monoaromatic hydrocarbons occurs through the degradation Box pathway. These pathways have undergone experimental scrutiny in Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria and have also been explored bioinformatically in representative Betaproteobacteria. However, there is a gap in our knowledge regarding the distribution of the benzoyl-CoA pathway and the evolutionary forces propelling its adaptation beyond that of representative bacteria. To address these questions, we used bioinformatic procedures to identify the BCLs and the lower pathways that transform benzoyl-CoA. These procedures included the identification of conserved motifs. As a result, we identified two motifs exclusive to BCLs, describing some of the catalytic properties of this enzyme. These motifs helped to discern BCLs from other aryl-CoA ligases effectively. The predicted BCLs and the enzymes of lower pathways were used as genomic markers for identifying aerobic, anaerobic, or hybrid catabolism, which we found widely distributed in Betaproteobacteria. Despite these enhancements, our approach failed to distinguish orthologs from a small cluster of paralogs exhibiting all the specified features to predict an ortholog. Nonetheless, the conducted phylogenetic analysis and the properties identified in the genomic context aided in formulating hypotheses about how this redundancy contributes to refining the catabolic strategy employed by these bacteria to degrade the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosa-María Gutiérrez-Ríos
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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2
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Zheng M, Zhang J, Zhang W, Yang L, Yan X, Tian W, Liu Z, Lin Z, Deng Z, Qu X. An Atypical Acyl‐CoA Synthetase Enables Efficient Biosynthesis of Extender Units for Engineering a Polyketide Carbon Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208734. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University 1 Luojiashan Rd. Wuhan 430071 China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd. Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd. Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University 1 Luojiashan Rd. Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd. Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xiaoli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University 1 Luojiashan Rd. Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Wenya Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd. Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University 1 Luojiashan Rd. Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Zhi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd. Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd. Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xudong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University 1 Luojiashan Rd. Wuhan 430071 China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Rd. Shanghai 200240 China
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3
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Zheng M, Zhang J, Zhang W, Yang L, Yan X, Tian W, Liu Z, Lin Z, Deng Z, Qu X. An Atypical Acyl‐CoA Synthetase Enables Efficient Biosynthesis of Extender Units for Engineering a Polyketide Carbon Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zheng
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Wan Zhang
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Lu Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Xiaoli Yan
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Wenya Tian
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Zhi Lin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Zixin Deng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Xudong Qu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 800 Dongchuan Rd. 200240 Shanghai CHINA
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4
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Patil GS, Kinatukara P, Mondal S, Shambhavi S, Patel KD, Pramanik S, Dubey N, Narasimhan S, Madduri MK, Pal B, Gokhale RS, Sankaranarayanan R. A universal pocket in fatty acyl-AMP ligases ensures redirection of fatty acid pool away from coenzyme A-based activation. eLife 2021; 10:70067. [PMID: 34490847 PMCID: PMC8460268 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acyl-AMP ligases (FAALs) channelize fatty acids towards biosynthesis of virulent lipids in mycobacteria and other pharmaceutically or ecologically important polyketides and lipopeptides in other microbes. They do so by bypassing the ubiquitous coenzyme A-dependent activation and rely on the acyl carrier protein-tethered 4′-phosphopantetheine (holo-ACP). The molecular basis of how FAALs strictly reject chemically identical and abundant acceptors like coenzyme A (CoA) and accept holo-ACP unlike other members of the ANL superfamily remains elusive. We show that FAALs have plugged the promiscuous canonical CoA-binding pockets and utilize highly selective alternative binding sites. These alternative pockets can distinguish adenosine 3′,5′-bisphosphate-containing CoA from holo-ACP and thus FAALs can distinguish between CoA and holo-ACP. These exclusive features helped identify the omnipresence of FAAL-like proteins and their emergence in plants, fungi, and animals with unconventional domain organizations. The universal distribution of FAALs suggests that they are parallelly evolved with FACLs for ensuring a CoA-independent activation and redirection of fatty acids towards lipidic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan S Patil
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Sudipta Mondal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sakshi Shambhavi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ketan D Patel
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Surabhi Pramanik
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Noopur Dubey
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Biswajit Pal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Rajan Sankaranarayanan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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5
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Abstract
Aryl coenzyme A (CoA) ligases belong to class I of the adenylate-forming enzyme superfamily (ANL superfamily). They catalyze the formation of thioester bonds between aromatic compounds and CoA and occur in nearly all forms of life. These ligases are involved in various metabolic pathways degrading benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). They are often necessary to produce the central intermediate benzoyl-CoA that occurs in various anaerobic pathways. The substrate specificity is very diverse between enzymes within the same class, while the dependency on Mg2+, ATP, and CoA as well as oxygen insensitivity are characteristics shared by the whole enzyme class. Some organisms employ the same aryl-CoA ligase when growing aerobically and anaerobically, while others induce different enzymes depending on the environmental conditions. Aryl-CoA ligases can be divided into two major groups, benzoate:CoA ligase-like enzymes and phenylacetate:CoA ligase-like enzymes. They are widely distributed between the phylogenetic clades of the ANL superfamily and show closer relationships within the subfamilies than to other aryl-CoA ligases. This, together with residual CoA ligase activity in various other enzymes of the ANL superfamily, leads to the conclusion that CoA ligases might be the ancestral proteins from which all other ANL superfamily enzymes developed.
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Singh P, Preu L, Beuerle T, Kaufholdt D, Hänsch R, Beerhues L, Gaid M. A promiscuous coenzyme A ligase provides benzoyl-coenzyme A for xanthone biosynthesis in Hypericum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1472-1490. [PMID: 33031578 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzoic acid-derived compounds, such as polyprenylated benzophenones and xanthones, attract the interest of scientists due to challenging chemical structures and diverse biological activities. The genus Hypericum is of high medicinal value, as exemplified by H. perforatum. It is rich in benzophenone and xanthone derivatives, the biosynthesis of which requires the catalytic activity of benzoate-coenzyme A (benzoate-CoA) ligase (BZL), which activates benzoic acid to benzoyl-CoA. Despite remarkable research so far done on benzoic acid biosynthesis in planta, all previous structural studies of BZL genes and proteins are exclusively related to benzoate-degrading microorganisms. Here, a transcript for a plant acyl-activating enzyme (AAE) was cloned from xanthone-producing Hypericum calycinum cell cultures using transcriptomic resources. An increase in the HcAAE1 transcript level preceded xanthone accumulation after elicitor treatment, as previously observed with other pathway-related genes. Subcellular localization of reporter fusions revealed the dual localization of HcAAE1 to cytosol and peroxisomes owing to a type 2 peroxisomal targeting signal. This result suggests the generation of benzoyl-CoA in Hypericum by the CoA-dependent non-β-oxidative route. A luciferase-based substrate specificity assay and the kinetic characterization indicated that HcAAE1 exhibits promiscuous substrate preference, with benzoic acid being the sole aromatic substrate accepted. Unlike 4-coumarate-CoA ligase and cinnamate-CoA ligase enzymes, HcAAE1 did not accept 4-coumaric and cinnamic acids, respectively. The substrate preference was corroborated by in silico modeling, which indicated valid docking of both benzoic acid and its adenosine monophosphate intermediate in the HcAAE1/BZL active site cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Lutz Preu
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Till Beuerle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - David Kaufholdt
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP) - College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
- Centre of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Mariam Gaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
- Centre of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
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7
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Walker PD, Rowe MT, Winter AJ, Weir AN, Akter N, Wang L, Race PR, Williams C, Song Z, Simpson TJ, Willis CL, Crump MP. A Priming Cassette Generates Hydroxylated Acyl Starter Units in Mupirocin and Thiomarinol Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:494-503. [PMID: 31977176 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mupirocin, a commercially available antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 10586, and thiomarinol, isolated from the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. SANK 73390, both consist of a polyketide-derived monic acid homologue esterified with either 9-hydroxynonanoic acid (mupirocin, 9HN) or 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (thiomarinol, 8HO). The mechanisms of formation of these deceptively simple 9HN and 8HO fatty acid moieties in mup and tml, respectively, remain unresolved. To define starter unit generation, the purified mupirocin proteins MupQ, MupS, and MacpD and their thiomarinol equivalents (TmlQ, TmlS and TacpD) have been expressed and shown to convert malonyl coenzyme A (CoA) and succinyl CoA to 3-hydroxypropionoyl (3-HP) or 4-hydroxybutyryl (4-HB) fatty acid starter units, respectively, via the MupQ/TmlQ catalyzed generation of an unusual bis-CoA/acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioester, followed by MupS/TmlS catalyzed reduction. Mix and match experiments show MupQ/TmlQ to be highly selective for the correct CoA. MacpD/TacpD were interchangeable but alternate trans-acting ACPs from the mupirocin pathway (MacpA/TacpA) or a heterologous ACP (BatA) were nonfunctional. MupS and TmlS selectivity was more varied, and these reductases differed in their substrate and ACP selectivity. The solution structure of MacpD determined by NMR revealed a C-terminal extension with partial helical character that has been shown to be important for maintaining high titers of mupirocin. We generated a truncated MacpD construct, MacpD_T, which lacks this C-terminal extension but retains an ability to generate 3-HP with MupS and MupQ, suggesting further downstream roles in protein-protein interactions for this region of the ACP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Walker
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew T. Rowe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley J. Winter
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Angus N.M. Weir
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Nahida Akter
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Luoyi Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Race
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongshu Song
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Simpson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Christine L. Willis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P. Crump
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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8
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D’Ambrosio HK, Derbyshire ER. Investigating the Role of Class I Adenylate-Forming Enzymes in Natural Product Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:17-27. [PMID: 31815417 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenylate-forming enzymes represent one of the most important enzyme classes in biology, responsible for the activation of carboxylate substrates for biosynthetic modifications. The byproduct of the adenylate-forming enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, acetyl-CoA, is incorporated into virtually every primary and secondary metabolic pathway. Modification of acetyl-CoA by an array of other adenylate-forming enzymes produces complex classes of natural products including nonribosomal peptides, polyketides, phenylpropanoids, lipopeptides, and terpenes. Adenylation domains possess a variety of unique structural and functional features that provide for such diversification in their resulting metabolites. As the number of organisms with sequenced genomes increases, more adenylate-forming enzymes are being identified, each with roles in metabolite production that have yet to be characterized. In this Review, we explore the broad role of class I adenylate-forming enzymes in the context of natural product biosynthesis and how they contribute to primary and secondary metabolism by focusing on important work conducted in the field. We highlight features of subclasses from this family that facilitate the production of structurally diverse metabolites, including those from noncanonical adenylation domains, and additionally discuss when biological roles for these compounds are known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K. D’Ambrosio
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Emily R. Derbyshire
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 213 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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9
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Carboxylic acid reductases in metabolic engineering. J Biotechnol 2020; 307:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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Zhang XM, Zhang HJ, Liu M, Liu B, Zhang XF, Ma CJ, Fu TT, Hou YM, Tang BZ. Cloning and Immunosuppressive Properties of an Acyl-Activating Enzyme from the Venom Apparatus of Tetrastichus brontispae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E672. [PMID: 31752154 PMCID: PMC6891662 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Venom injected into the host plays vital roles in facilitating successful parasitization and development for parasitoid wasps, especially those devoid of polydnavirus, and the abundant venom proteins appear to be most likely involved in parasitization success. Previously, we found the four most abundant venom proteins, including 4-coumarate:CoA ligase-like 4 (4CL4-like), in the Tetrastichus brontispae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) venom apparatus. In this study, we cloned, expressed T. brontispae 4CL4-like (Tb4CL4-like) in Escherichia coli, and investigated its immunosuppressive properties. The deduced amino acid sequence for Tb4CL4-like shares high identity at conserved amino acids associated with the acyl-activating enzyme (AAE) consensus motif but shows only <40% identity with the members in the AAE superfamily. mRNA abundance analysis indicated that Tb4CL4-like was transcribed mainly in the venom apparatus. Recombinant Tb4CL4-like inhibited Octodonta nipae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) pupal cellular encapsulation and spreading by targeting the hemocyte cytoskeleton and reduced the hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis of E. coli in vivo. Moreover, Tb4CL4-like exhibited greater affinity to palmitic acid and linolenic acid based on the molecular docking assay and is hypothesized to be involved in fatty acid metabolism. In conclusion, our results suggest that Tb4CL4-like may be an immunity-related AAE protein that is involved in the regulation of host immunity through fatty acid metabolism-derived signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hua-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xia-Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ting-Ting Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - You-Ming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
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