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Al-Mahmood OA, Fraser AM. Perceived challenges in implementing halal standards by halal certifying bodies in the United States. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290774. [PMID: 37651404 PMCID: PMC10470877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Islamic dietary laws inform halal standards, defining which foods are halal (lawful and permissible). Many halal foods are produced in non-Muslim majority countries increasing the likelihood they might be haram (prohibited). Halal certification is one way to operationalize halal standards, hence protecting Muslim consumers. At present there is no unified halal standard guiding halal certification. The aim of this study was to determine the perceived challenges in implementing halal standards in the United States. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were done with a representative from 6 of the 11 halal certifying bodies (HCBs) in the United States. All reported their role was to verify food safety records for compliance with government regulations but not to monitor food safety practices. Two main issues-forged halal certificates and expired halal logos were identified as significant issues. Three HCBs stated there is no problem with having multiple halal standards, but all believed it is necessary to have one universal halal standard with minimum standards followed by everyone. The findings of this study can be beneficial to the U.S. halal industry as it highlights the challenges and issues they face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A. Al-Mahmood
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Angela M. Fraser
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
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2
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Nuraeni U, Malau J, Astuti RT, Dewantoro A, Apriori D, Lusiana ED, Prasetya B. Droplet digital PCR versus real-time PCR for in-house validation of porcine detection and quantification protocol: An artificial recombinant plasmid approach. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287712. [PMID: 37450440 PMCID: PMC10348585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Authenticity and traceability are essential for modern food and medicine inspection, and reliable techniques are important for the trade of halal foods, which reach more than 20 percent of the world market. A sensitive and accurate porcine detection method is required to develop a conformity assessment system that includes laboratory testing for porcine-free certification. This study proposes a procedure that could be incorporated into the development of a standardized control and protocol for real-time PCR (qPCR) methods and their traceability using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). The design used a recombinant pUC57 plasmid as an amplification target to carry the 97 bp fragment of the porcine ATCB gene. The absolute quantification and linearity assessment showed high precision with R2 values of 0.9971 and 0.9998 for qPCR and ddPCR, respectively. In general, both methods showed comparable results in terms of linearity and detection limit. However, both limit of detection assessments showed high sensitivity, although ddPCR showed a slightly higher sensitivity than that of qPCR, especially at low DNA concentrations. Multiple-sample and inter-participatory testing evaluations revealed a high sensitivity, broad applicability, and robustness of the qPCR method. Therefore, we conclude that based on a recombinant plasmid analysis with a low quantity (less than five copy number), the digital PCR method produced more reliable results. These results could provide scientific information for regulatory authorities, especially those in Indonesia, to consider the development and formulation of a well-established qPCR protocol for porcine detection using expected DNA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umi Nuraeni
- Laboratory of National Measurement Standards of Biology, The National Standard Agency of Indonesia (BSN), South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Jekmal Malau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Retno Tri Astuti
- Department of Fisheries Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Auraga Dewantoro
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, The National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dini Apriori
- Laboratory of National Measurement Standards of Biology, The National Standard Agency of Indonesia (BSN), South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Evellin Dewi Lusiana
- Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Prasetya
- Research Center for Testing Technology and Standards, The National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), South Tangerang, Indonesia
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3
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Attwood S, Jameel S, Fuseini A, AlKhalawi E, Hajat C. Halal cultivated meat: an untapped opportunity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1196475. [PMID: 37502725 PMCID: PMC10370351 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1196475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global Halal food market is forecast to reach US$1.67 trillion by 2025, growing to meet the dietary demands of a rapidly increasing Muslim population, set to comprise 30% of the global population by mid-century. Meat consumption levels are increasing in many Muslim countries, with important implications for health and environmental sustainability. Alt protein products are currently being manufactured and positioned as one possible solution to reduce the environmental impact of meat consumption, yet, little is currently known about the Halal status of these products, nor the extent to which they appeal to Muslim consumers in emerging markets in Asia and Africa. Here, we explore key considerations regarding the acceptability of alt protein products for Muslim consumers, explore Halal certification requirements in the context of cultivated meat, and examine some unique beliefs within the Islamic faith that may support, as well as impede, widespread adoption of alt protein among the 2.8 billion Muslims of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahid Jameel
- Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies and Green Templeton College, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Awal Fuseini
- Huddersfield Business School, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Eman AlKhalawi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cother Hajat
- Real World Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Public Health Institute, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Ramli MA, Abd Razak MA, Jaafar MH. Understanding non-Muslims’ reluctance to halal food: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC MARKETING 2023; 14:544-561. [DOI: 10.1108/jima-05-2021-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
To tap into the global market, it is important to evaluate and predict the trends of the acceptance of non-Muslims towards halal food products. This review paper aimed to evaluate the evidence relating to the potential barriers to the acceptance of halal food among non-Muslim consumers.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors searched ScienceDirect, Scopus, Emerald and JSTOR databases. The search for the studies was performed without restrictions by using the terms “Non-Muslim” OR “Jews” OR “Christian” OR “Hindu” OR “Buddha” AND “halal” OR “halalan toyyiban” OR “sharia compliance” AND “food” OR “dietary” AND “perception” OR “opinion” OR “attitude” OR “barrier”. Quantitative studies were included, and the quality of the studies was assessed with the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool.
Findings
Two themes were identified to be the potential barriers in the acceptance of halal food among non-Muslim consumers. There were two major factors: weak intention (negative attitude, perceived low behavioural control and perceived low subjective norms) and lack of food safety awareness, whereas the minor factors were as follows: perceived low food quality, halal logo/brand, lack of halal awareness, religious belief, animal welfare, consumer motive, low confidence level, lack of proper marketing/promotion, bad cognitive dissonance, bad food assurance and poor product judgement.
Practical implications
By realising these potential barriers, it will benefit many parties including stakeholders and the food industry to improve their strategy to expand the halal market, especially for non-Muslims.
Originality/value
Based on the findings, the authors believe that while research towards halal needs to continue and improve its basis in theory and design, researchers and food marketers can be confident that intention of purchasing halal food products can be increased by securing the aspect of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control as well as food safety awareness. Based on the identification of these potential barriers, this review hopes to further explain effective methods of communication for conveying halal concept in different parts of the countries.
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Fonseca RP, Sanchez-Sabate R. Consumers' Attitudes towards Animal Suffering: A Systematic Review on Awareness, Willingness and Dietary Change. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16372. [PMID: 36498444 PMCID: PMC9741386 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Planetary and human health depend on Westerners' ability to reduce meat consumption. Meat production degrades the environment while excessive meat intake is associated with cancer and cardiovascular disease, among others. Effective reasons and motivations are needed for consumers to change their diet. The fact that modern animal agriculture inflicts a great deal of pain on animals from their birth to their slaughter, animal welfare/suffering may drive consumers to curtail their meat consumption. This systematic review examined a total of 90 papers to ascertain consumers' awareness of the pain animals experience in animal agriculture, as well as consumer attitudes towards meat reduction due to animal welfare. Results show that consumers have low awareness of animal agriculture. Awareness of animal agricultural practices and animal sentience is associated with increased negative attitudes towards animal suffering. Animal suffering due to farming practices, transportation, slaughter, and animal sentience are factors that may encourage a reduction in meat consumption, and even dietary change in the short term. There is also evidence that animal suffering may be a more compelling motivation for consumers' willingness to change their diet than for health or environmental reasons. Therefore, increasing consumers' awareness of animal suffering in meat production is paramount to contributing to reduced pressure on the environment and improved human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pedro Fonseca
- Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia Iscte, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ruben Sanchez-Sabate
- Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo (CEPEC), Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Educación, Ciencias Sociales y Patrimonio, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán 3820572, Chile
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Muhammad M, Stokes JE, Morgans L, Manning L. The Social Construction of Narratives and Arguments in Animal Welfare Discourse and Debate. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2582. [PMID: 36230322 PMCID: PMC9559530 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stakeholders can hold conflicting values and viewpoints, on what animal welfare is and how a good life is achieved and can signal different problems, or problematize specific aspects of farm animal welfare, and propose different actions or interventions within food supply chains. The aim of the study is to explore the contribution of narrative and argumentative discourse to the social construction and framing of animal welfare and its implications. The methodological approach in this research is composed of two phases with phase 1 being the foundational structured literature search in both academic and grey literature. Phase 2 was the analysis of the secondary data from the literature review to develop a synthesized iterative paper and in doing so develop a typology of five narratives: the 'farming as a business' narrative, the 'religion-based' narrative, the 'research, legislative and political based narrative', the 'higher welfare' narrative, and the "animal rights/power-based" narrative. Our findings demonstrate the contestation within the stakeholder discourse of the articulation of why farm animals should have a good life. Performance-related perspectives are rooted in the value-laden language and narratives that shape the arguments regarding notions of good and bad welfare; the emergent positioning of positive welfare for farm animals as well as how to achieve a good life in practice. The novel contribution of this review is the application of an explanatory word-language-discourse-person-situation-environment framework in this specific context to inform future research on animal welfare discourse analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Muhammad
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester GL7 6JS, UK
| | - Jessica E. Stokes
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester GL7 6JS, UK
| | - Lisa Morgans
- Innovation for Agriculture, Kenilworth, Warwickshire CV8 2LZ, UK
| | - Louise Manning
- Lincoln Institute for Agri-Food Technology, University of Lincoln, Riseholme Park, Lincoln LN2 2LG, UK
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Harlina PW, Maritha V, Musfiroh I, Huda S, Sukri N, Muchtaridi M. Possibilities of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
(LC-MS)-Based Metabolomics and Lipidomics in the Authentication of Meat
Products: A Mini Review. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:744-761. [PMID: 36133639 PMCID: PMC9478982 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Putri Widyanti Harlina
- Department of Food Industrial Technology,
Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas
Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Corresponding author: Putri
Widyanti Harlina, Department of Food Industrial Technology, Faculty of
Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia,
Tel: +62-22-7798844, E-mail:
| | - Vevi Maritha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and
Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas
Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ida Musfiroh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and
Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas
Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Syamsul Huda
- Department of Food Industrial Technology,
Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas
Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nandi Sukri
- Department of Food Industrial Technology,
Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas
Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and
Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas
Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Corresponding author:
Muchtaridi Muchtaridi, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363,
Indonesia, Tel: +62-22-8784288888 (ext. 3210), E-mail:
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8
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Font-i-Furnols M, Guerrero L. Understanding the future meat consumers. Meat Sci 2022; 193:108941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Estévez-Moreno LX, María GA, Sepúlveda WS, Villarroel M, Miranda-de la Lama GC. Attitudes of meat consumers in Mexico and Spain about farm animal welfare: A cross-cultural study. Meat Sci 2021; 173:108377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Loyer J, Whittaker AL, Buddle EA, Ankeny RA. A Review of Legal Regulation of Religious Slaughter in Australia: Failure to Regulate or a Regulatory Fail? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091530. [PMID: 32872627 PMCID: PMC7552297 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Religious slaughter has recently attracted public attention as a result of media portrayal of several high-profile Australian and international events. The requirements of domestic religious slaughter practice, including animal welfare provisions, appear to be poorly understood by the Australian public. This paper summarizes the welfare science and regulatory framework around halal and shechita slaughter in Australia. Current knowledge on public viewpoints on these practices is examined, and areas for future social science research are proposed. In spite of wide-ranging and extensive animal welfare protection being provided by the law, we propose that the complexity of the legislative arrangement reduces transparency and undermines the strength of protection to animals provided by law. Avenues for legal reform are proposed. There is also a need for more active public engagement to increase community knowledge about religious slaughter practices, and to counter Islamophobia and anti-Semitic attitudes. Abstract While religious slaughter is not a new practice in Australia, it has recently attracted public concern regarding questions of animal welfare following unfavourable media coverage. However, the details of religious slaughter practices, including related animal welfare provisions, appear to be poorly understood by the Australian public, and no existing literature concisely synthesises current regulations, practices, and issues. This paper addresses this gap by examining the processes associated with various types of religious slaughter and associated animal welfare issues, by reviewing the relevant legislation and examining public views, while highlighting areas for further research, particularly in Australia. The paper finds shortcomings in relation to transparency and understanding of current practices and regulation and suggests a need for more clear and consistent legislative provisions, as well as increased independence from industry in the setting of the standards, enforcement and administration of religious slaughter. A starting point for legal reform would be the relocation of important provisions pertaining to religious slaughter from delegated codes to the responsible act or regulation, ensuring proper parliamentary oversight. In addition, more active public engagement must occur, particularly with regard to what constitutes legal practices and animal welfare standards in the Australian context to overcome ongoing conflict between those who oppose religious slaughter and the Muslim and Jewish communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Loyer
- School of Humanities, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.L.); (E.A.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Alexandra L. Whittaker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Emily A. Buddle
- School of Humanities, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.L.); (E.A.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Rachel A. Ankeny
- School of Humanities, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.L.); (E.A.B.); (R.A.A.)
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