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Sarmadi S, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A, Najafi H. Vaccine approaches and treatment aspects against Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever. Virusdisease 2024; 35:377-383. [PMID: 39071873 PMCID: PMC11269551 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF] is a severe infectious viral disease caused by a tick borne virus which can lead to fatal hemorrhagic disease in humans. It has been reported from some continents including Africa, Asia and Europe. Virus is transmitted to human mainly through tick bite, whose acquire infection from reservoirs wild and domesticated mammalians and ostriches. Currently no approved vaccine or drug is available for CCHF and prevention is mainly based on biosecurity measures. Ribavirin is the only approved drug that has been used in some countries to treat human disease, however some new studies did not prove the Ribavirin efficacy. Different strategies to design effective vaccines, have been conducted through years, from inactivated virus to nucleotide-based ones including DNA and mRNA vaccines. In this study we review of pioneering vaccine candidate platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Sarmadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Najafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Tang HP, He YP, Wang J, Zhan JM, Lian WB, Xue F, Wang L, Li Y, Zhang A, Zhang F, Xu C, Li J, Xu WX. Epitope delimitation: A new method for defining epitopes of human IgG-reactive antigenic peptides based on rabbit-recognized epitope motifs. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29388. [PMID: 38235845 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The use of precise epitope peptides as antigens is essential for accurate serological diagnosis of viral-infected individuals, but now it remains an unsolvable problem for mapping precise B cell epitopes (BCEs) recognized by human serum. To address this challenge, we propose a novel epitope delimitation (ED) method to uncover BCEs in the delineated human IgG-reactive (HR) antigenic peptides (APs). Specifically, the method based on the rationale of similarities in humoral immune responses between mammalian species consists of a pair of elements: experimentally delineated HR-AP and rabbit-recognized (RR) BCE motif and corresponding pair of sequence alignment analysis. As a result of using the ED approach, after decoding four RR-epitomes of human papillomavirus types 16/18-E6 and E7 proteins utilizing rabbit serum against each recombinant protein and sequence alignment analysis of HR-APs and RR-BCEs, 19 fine BCEs in 17 of 22 known HR-APs were defined based on each corresponding RR-BCE motifs, including the type-specificity of each delimited BCE in homologous proteins. The test with 22 known 16/20mer HR-APs demonstrated that the ED method is effective and efficient, indicating that it can be used as an alternative method to the conventional identification of fine BCEs using overlapping 8mer peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Tang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ping He
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhan
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bo Lian
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Histo-Embryology Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Histo-Embryology Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijie Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ailian Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Histo-Embryology Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wan-Xiang Xu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
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Hu YL, Zhang LQ, Liu XQ, Ye W, Zhao YX, Zhang L, Qiang ZX, Zhang LX, Lei YF, Jiang DB, Cheng LF, Zhang FL. Construction and evaluation of DNA vaccine encoding Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleocapsid protein, glycoprotein N-terminal and C-terminal fused with LAMP1. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1121163. [PMID: 37026060 PMCID: PMC10072157 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and is mainly transmitted by ticks. There is no effective vaccine for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) at present. We developed three DNA vaccines encoding CCHFV nucleocapsid protein (NP), glycoprotein N-terminal (Gn) and C-terminal (Gc) fused with lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and assessed their immunogenicity and protective efficacy in a human MHC (HLA-A11/DR1) transgenic mouse model. The mice that were vaccinated three times with pVAX-LAMP1-CCHFV-NP induced balanced Th1 and Th2 responses and could most effectively protect mice from CCHFV transcription and entry-competent virus-like particles (tecVLPs) infection. The mice vaccinated with pVAX-LAMP1-CCHFV-Gc mainly elicited specific anti-Gc and neutralizing antibodies and provided a certain protection from CCHFV tecVLPs infection, but the protective efficacy was less than that of pVAX-LAMP1-CCHFV-NP. The mice vaccinated with pVAX-LAMP1-CCHFV-Gn only elicited specific anti-Gn antibodies and could not provide sufficient protection from CCHFV tecVLPs infection. These results suggest that pVAX-LAMP1-CCHFV-NP would be a potential and powerful candidate vaccine for CCHFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lian-Qing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- School of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Yue-Xi Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- School of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Zun-Xian Qiang
- Department of Microbiology, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Lin-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Ying-Feng Lei
- Department of Microbiology, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Dong-Bo Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dong-Bo Jiang, ; Lin-Feng Cheng, ; Fang-Lin Zhang,
| | - Lin-Feng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dong-Bo Jiang, ; Lin-Feng Cheng, ; Fang-Lin Zhang,
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dong-Bo Jiang, ; Lin-Feng Cheng, ; Fang-Lin Zhang,
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Development of humanised antibodies for Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever virus: Comparison of hybridoma-based versus phage library techniques. J Immunol Methods 2023; 512:113405. [PMID: 36496007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Humanised antibodies targeting Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic virus (CCHFV) are needed for the development and standardisation of serological assays. These assays are needed to address a shortfall in available tests that meet regulatory diagnostic standards and to aid surveillance activities to extend knowledge on the distribution of CCHFV. To generate a humanised monoclonal antibody against CCHFV, we have compared two methods: the traditional mouse hybridoma approach with subsequent sequencing and humanisation of antibodies versus a non-animal alternative using a human combinatorial antibody library (HuCAL). Our results demonstrated that the mouse hybridoma followed by humanisation protocol gave higher affinity antibodies. Whilst not yet able to demonstrate the generation of equivalent humanised antibodies without the use of animals, sequencing data enables the subsequent production of recombinant antibodies, thus providing a reduction in future animal usage for this application. Ultimately, our report provides information on development of a humanised standardised control, which can form an important positive control component of serological assays against CCHFV.
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Fine mapping of the antigenic epitopes of the Gc protein of Guertu virus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271878. [PMID: 35881569 PMCID: PMC9321374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Guertu virus (GTV), a newly discovered member of the genus Banyangvirus in the family Phenuiviridae, poses a potential health threat to humans and animals. The viral glycoprotein (GP) binds to host cell receptors to induce a neutralizing immune response in the host. Therefore, identification of the B-cell epitopes (BCEs) in the immunodominant region of the GTV Gc protein is important for the elucidation of the virus–host cell interactions and the development of GTV epitope assays and vaccines. In this study, an improved overlapping biosynthetic peptide method and rabbit anti-GTV Gc polyclonal antibodies were used for fine mapping of the minimal motifs of linear BCEs of the GTV Gc protein. Thirteen BCE motifs were identified from eleven positive 16mer-peptides, namely EGc1 (19KVCATTGRA27), EGc2 (58KKINLKCKK66), EGc3 (68SSYYVPDA75), EGc4 (75ARSRCTSVRR84), EGc5 (79CTSVRRCRWA88), EGc6 (90DCQSGCPS97), EGc7 (96PSHFTSNS103), EGc8 (115AGLGFSG121), EGc9 (148ENPHGVI154), EGc10 (179KVFHPMS185), EGc11 (230QAGMGVVG237), EGc12 (303RSHDSQGKIS312), and EGc13 (430DIPRFV435). Of these, 7 could be recognized by GTV IgG-positive sheep sera. Three-dimensional structural analysis revealed that all 13 BCEs were present on the surface of the Gc protein. Sequence alignment of the 13 BCEs against homologous proteins from 10 closely related strains of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from different geographical regions revealed that the amino acid sequences of EGc4, EGc5, EGc8, EGc11, and EGc12 were highly conserved, with 100% similarity. The remaining 8 epitopes (EGc1, EGc2, EGc3, EGc6, EGc7, EGc9, EGc10, and EGc13) showed high sequence similarity in the range of 71.43%–87.50%. These 13 BCEs of the GTV Gc protein provide a molecular foundation for future studies of the immunological properties of GTV glycoproteins and the development of GTV multi-epitope assays and vaccines.
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Lombe BP, Saito T, Miyamoto H, Mori-Kajihara A, Kajihara M, Saijo M, Masumu J, Hattori T, Igarashi M, Takada A. Mapping of Antibody Epitopes on the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Nucleoprotein. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030544. [PMID: 35336951 PMCID: PMC8955205 DOI: 10.3390/v14030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a nairovirus, is a tick-borne zoonotic virus that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans. The CCHFV nucleoprotein (NP) is the antigen most used for serological screening of CCHFV infection in animals and humans. To gain insights into antibody epitopes on the NP molecule, we produced recombinant chimeric NPs between CCHFV and Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV), which is another nairovirus, and tested rabbit and mouse antisera/immune ascites, anti-NP monoclonal antibodies, and CCHFV-infected animal/human sera for their reactivities to the NP antigens. We found that the amino acids at positions 161–320 might include dominant epitopes recognized by anti-CCHFV IgG antibodies, whereas cross-reactivity between anti-CCHFV and anti-NSDV antibodies was limited. Their binding capacities were further tested using a series of synthetic peptides whose sequences were derived from CCHFV NP. IgG antibodies in CCHFV-infected monkeys and patients were reactive to some of the synthetic peptide antigens (e.g., amino acid residues at positions 131–150 and 211–230). Only a few peptides were recognized by IgG antibodies in the anti-NSDV serum. These results provide useful information to improve NP-based antibody detection assays as well as antigen detection tests relying on anti-NP monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boniface Pongombo Lombe
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (B.P.L.); (T.S.); (H.M.); (A.M.-K.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (M.I.)
- Central Veterinary Laboratory of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 8842, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Pedagogic University, Kinshasa B.P. 8815, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (B.P.L.); (T.S.); (H.M.); (A.M.-K.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (M.I.)
| | - Hiroko Miyamoto
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (B.P.L.); (T.S.); (H.M.); (A.M.-K.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (M.I.)
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (B.P.L.); (T.S.); (H.M.); (A.M.-K.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (M.I.)
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (B.P.L.); (T.S.); (H.M.); (A.M.-K.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (M.I.)
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama 208-0011, Japan;
| | - Justin Masumu
- Central Veterinary Laboratory of Kinshasa, Kinshasa B.P. 8842, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Pedagogic University, Kinshasa B.P. 8815, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- National Institute of Biomedical Research, Kinshasa B.P. 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Takanari Hattori
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (B.P.L.); (T.S.); (H.M.); (A.M.-K.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (M.I.)
| | - Manabu Igarashi
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (B.P.L.); (T.S.); (H.M.); (A.M.-K.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (M.I.)
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (B.P.L.); (T.S.); (H.M.); (A.M.-K.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (M.I.)
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Correspondence:
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Wang Q, Cao R, Li L, Liu J, Yang J, Li W, Yan L, Wang Y, Yan Y, Li J, Deng F, Zhou Y, Wang M, Zhong W, Hu Z. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a novel nucleoside analog H44 against Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Antiviral Res 2022; 199:105273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Rodriguez SE, Hawman DW, Sorvillo TE, O'Neal TJ, Bird BH, Rodriguez LL, Bergeron É, Nichol ST, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Spengler JR. Immunobiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res 2022; 199:105244. [PMID: 35026307 PMCID: PMC9245446 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human infection with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a tick-borne pathogen in the family Nairoviridae, can result in a spectrum of outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic infection through mild clinical signs to severe or fatal disease. Studies of CCHFV immunobiology have investigated the relationship between innate and adaptive immune responses with disease severity, attempting to elucidate factors associated with differential outcomes. In this article, we begin by highlighting unanswered questions, then review current efforts to answer them. We discuss in detail current clinical studies and research in laboratory animals on CCHF, including immune targets of infection and adaptive and innate immune responses. We summarize data about the role of the immune response in natural infections of animals and humans and experimental studies in vitro and in vivo and from evaluating immune-based therapies and vaccines, and present recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Rodriguez
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Teresa E Sorvillo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - T Justin O'Neal
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian H Bird
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Pritam M, Singh G, Kumar R, Singh SP. Screening of potential antigens from whole proteome and development of multi-epitope vaccine against Rhizopus delemar using immunoinformatics approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2118-2145. [PMID: 35067195 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2028676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a deadly fungal disease mainly caused by Rhizopus oryzae (strain 99-880), also known as Rhizopus delemar. Previously, mucormycosis occurs in immunocompromised patients of diabetes mellitus, cancer, organ transplant, etc. But there was a drastic increase in mucormycosis cases in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Despite several available therapies and antifungal treatments, the mortality rate of mucormycosis is about more than 50%. Currently, there is no vaccine available in the market for mucormycosis that urgently needs to develop a potential vaccine against mucormycosis with high efficacy. In the present study, we have screened 4 genome-derived predicted antigens (GDPA) through sequential filtration of the whole proteome of R. delemar using different benchmarked bioinformatics tools. These 4 GDPA along with 4 randomly selected experimentally reported antigens (ERA) were sourced for prediction of B- and T- cell epitopes and utilized in designing of two potential multi-epitope vaccine candidates which can induce both innate and adaptive immunity against R. delemar. Besides these, comparative immune simulation studies and in silico cloning were performed using L. lactis as an expression system for their possible uses as oral vaccines. This is the first multi-epitope vaccine designed against R. delemar through systematic pipelined reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatic approaches. Although the wet-lab based experimental validation of designed vaccines is required before testing in the preclinical model, the current study will significantly help in reducing the cost of experimentation as well as improving the efficacy of vaccine therapy against mucormycosis and other pathogenic diseases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pritam
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Garima Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
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Immunogenicity of a DNA-Based Sindbis Replicon Expressing Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Nucleoprotein. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121491. [PMID: 34960237 PMCID: PMC8703447 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) infrequently causes hemorrhagic fever in humans with a case fatality rate of 30%. Currently, there is neither an internationally approved antiviral drug nor a vaccine against the virus. A replicon based on the Sindbis virus vector encoding the complete open reading frame of a CCHFV nucleoprotein from a South African isolate was prepared and investigated as a possible candidate vaccine. The transcription of CCHFV RNA and recombinant protein production by the replicon were characterized in transfected baby hamster kidney cells. A replicon encoding CCHFV nucleoprotein inserted in plasmid DNA, pSinCCHF-52S, directed transcription of CCHFV RNA in the transfected cells. NIH-III heterozygous mice immunized with pSinCCHF-52S generated CCHFV IgG specific antibodies with notably higher levels of IgG2a compared to IgG1. Splenocytes from mice immunized with pSinCCHF-52S secreted IFN-γ and IL-2, low levels of IL-6 or IL-10, and no IL-4. No specific cytokine production was registered in splenocytes of mock-immunized mice (p < 0.05). Thus, our study demonstrated the expression of CCHFV nucleoprotein by a Sindbis virus vector and its immunogenicity in mice. The spectrum of cytokine production and antibody profile indicated predominantly Th1-type of an anti-CCHFV immune response. Further studies in CCHFV-susceptible animals are necessary to determine whether the induced immune response is protective.
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11
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Karaaslan E, Çetin NS, Kalkan-Yazıcı M, Hasanoğlu S, Karakeçili F, Özdarendeli A, Kalkan A, Kılıç AO, Doymaz MZ. Immune responses in multiple hosts to Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009973. [PMID: 34851958 PMCID: PMC8635347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the World Health Organization declared 3 billion to be at risk of developing Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). The causative agent of this deadly infection is CCHFV. The data related to the biology and immunology of CCHFV are rather scarce. Due to its indispensable roles in the viral life cycle, NP becomes a logical target for detailed viral immunology studies. In this study, humoral immunity to NP was investigated in CCHF survivors, as well as in immunized mice and rabbits. Abundant antibody response against NP was demonstrated both during natural infection in humans and following experimental immunizations in mice and rabbits. Also, cellular immune responses to recombinant NP (rNP) was detected in multispecies. This study represents the most comprehensive investigation on NP as an inducer of both humoral and cellular immunity in multiple hosts and proves that rNP is an excellent candidate warranting further immunological studies specifically on vaccine investigations. Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is the most lethal human pathogen of medical importance after the dengue virus among arboviruses. The increasing geographic spread of Hyalomma ticks, which are responsible for viral transmission widespread, threatens billions of people. WHO currently declares the field of research on CCHFV as the second most urgently needed areas of investigations on emerging pathogens. About 10 to 40% of those infected with the virus lose their life due to the rapidly developing severe clinical manifestations. Pandemic potential and the lack of any approved treatment or vaccine make raise the studies on CCHFV as critical. The studies on CCHFV are challenging due to the necessities of BSL-4 facilities and the immunological characterization of individual structural proteins will lay the groundwork for the steps to be taken to treat and prevent this emerging disease. As is known from other RNA viruses, nucleoprotein (NP) has crucial roles in the viral life cycle, both in viral replication and transcription and in the formation of the virion structure. So far, detailed and comprehensive immunological characterizations on NP in multiple are not undertaken. Our study was set out to embark such detailed investigation. The strong humoral and cellular immune response to NP demonstrated by this study indicates that NP might be an excellent candidate for future scrutinies on vaccines and diagnostic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Karaaslan
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesibe Selma Çetin
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Kalkan-Yazıcı
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevde Hasanoğlu
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faruk Karakeçili
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özdarendeli
- Erciyes University Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Microbiology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kalkan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Kılıç
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ziya Doymaz
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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12
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Data curation to improve the pattern recognition performance of B-cell epitope prediction by support vector machine. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2020-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
B-cell epitope will be recognized and attached to the surface of receptors in B-lymphocytes to trigger immune response, thus are the vital elements in the field of epitope-based vaccine design, antibody production and therapeutic development. However, the experimental approaches in mapping epitopes are time consuming and costly. Computational prediction could offer an unbiased preliminary selection to reduce the number of epitopes for experimental validation. The deposited B-cell epitopes in the databases are those with experimentally determined positive/negative peptides and some are ambiguous resulted from different experimental methods. Prior to the development of B-cell epitope prediction module, the available dataset need to be handled with care. In this work, we first pre-processed the B-cell epitope dataset prior to B-cell epitopes prediction based on pattern recognition using support vector machine (SVM). By using only the absolute epitopes and non-epitopes, the datasets were classified into five categories of pathogen and worked on the 6-mers peptide sequences. The pre-processing of the datasets have improved the B-cell epitope prediction performance up to 99.1 % accuracy and showed significant improvement in cross validation results. It could be useful when incorporated with physicochemical propensity ranking in the future for the development of B-cell epitope prediction module.
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13
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Purification of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleoprotein and its utility for serological diagnosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2324. [PMID: 33504869 PMCID: PMC7840982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes a zoonotic disease, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) endemic in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Southeastern Europe. However, the prevalence of CCHF is not monitored in most of the endemic countries due to limited availability of diagnostic assays and biosafety regulations required for handling infectious CCHFV. In this study, we established a protocol to purify the recombinant CCHFV nucleoprotein (NP), which is antigenically highly conserved among multiple lineages/clades of CCHFVs and investigated its utility in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect CCHFV-specific antibodies. The NP gene was cloned into the pCAGGS mammalian expression plasmid and human embryonic kidney 293 T cells were transfected with the plasmid. The expressed NP molecule was purified from the cell lysate using cesium-chloride gradient centrifugation. Purified NP was used as the antigen for the ELISA to detect anti-CCHFV IgG. Using the CCHFV NP-based ELISA, we efficiently detected CCHFV-specific IgG in anti-NP rabbit antiserum and CCHFV-infected monkey serum. When compared to the commercially available Blackbox CCHFV IgG ELISA kit, our assay showed equivalent performance in detecting CCHFV-specific IgG in human sera. These results demonstrate the usefulness of our CCHFV NP-based ELISA for seroepidemiological studies.
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14
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Tipih T, Burt FJ. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Advances in Vaccine Development. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:137-150. [PMID: 32461819 PMCID: PMC7247048 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2019.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe human disease with mortality rates of up to 30%. The disease is widespread in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The last few years have seen disease emergence in Spain for the first time and disease re-emergence in other regions of the world after periods of inactivity. Factors, such as climate change, movement of infected ticks, animals, and changes in human activity, are likely to broaden endemic foci. There are therefore concerns that CCHF might emerge in currently nonendemic regions. The absence of approved vaccines or therapies heightens these concerns; thus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is listed by the World Health Organization as a priority organism. However, the current sporadic nature of CCHF cases may call for targeted vaccination of risk groups as opposed to mass vaccinations. CCHF vaccine development has accelerated in recent years, partly because of the discovery of CCHF animal models. In this review, we discuss CCHF risk groups who are most likely to benefit from vaccine development, the merits and demerits of available CCHF animal models, and the various approaches which have been explored for CCHF vaccine development. Lastly, we present concluding remarks and research areas which can be further explored to enhance the available CCHFV vaccine data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tipih
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Felicity Jane Burt
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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15
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Kumar BK, Kumar KM, Reddy GBM, Abraham S, Yogisharadhya R, Prashantha CN. Molecular Modelling and Insilico Engineering of PapMV-CP Towards Display and Development of Capripox Viral Like Particles Based on Immunogenic P32 Envelop Protein is the Homologous of the Vaccinia-Viral H3L Gene: An Insilico Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020; 26:2155-2167. [PMID: 32421016 PMCID: PMC7222904 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-10007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Viral-like particles are assembled from capsid protein structural subunits of different viruses and have ability to establish research in biomedicals, like construction of novel safety vaccines, gene therapy vectors by delivering systems for nucleic acids, small biomolecules and diagnostics. Papaya Mosaic Viral nanoparticals can provide as a vaccine candidate helps to increase the immunity by fusing the epitope based peptide antigen. Capripox viruses are the genus comprises Lymphy skin-disease, Sheep and Goat pox Viruses are notified by The World Animal Health Organization (OIE) based on their economic impotence act as a transboundary animal diseases viruses of sheep, goat, and cattle’s respectively. Plant viral based innovative vaccines have been emerged ineffective vaccine development. This research describes the engineering and development of a new vaccine candidate by display immunogenic peptide using the carrier capsid protein of Papaya Mosaic Virus. The Capripox virus P32 immunogenic protein is homologous of the vaccinia virus H3L gene displayed PapMV CP. The antigenicity of P32 protein epitope lowest score among epitopes C-terminally docked epitopes are EP6 > EP3 > EP8 as well the lowest score among epitopes N-terminally docked epitopes are EP8 > EP3 > EP6 presented on the N-terminus of PMV CP region which are found to be suitable for epitope display. And these modelled immunogenic peptide could be used to develop a viral like particles. Epitope based Antibody developed against immunogenic epitopic regions can contribute to a novel and robust protection from infection. As well might be used for developing cost effective detection kits for Transboundary animal disease viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K M Kumar
- 1Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064 India.,3Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - G B Manjunatha Reddy
- 2National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sunil Abraham
- 4Department of Animal Behavior and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021 India
| | - R Yogisharadhya
- 2National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - C N Prashantha
- 1Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064 India
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16
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Fine epitope mapping of glycoprotein Gn in Guertu virus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223978. [PMID: 31618247 PMCID: PMC6795428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Guertu virus (GTV) is a tick-borne phleboviruses (TBPVs) which belongs to the genus Banyangvirus in the family of Phenuiviridae. In vitro and in vivo studies of GTV demonstrated that it was able to infect animal and human cell lines and could cause pathological lesions in mice. Glycoproteins (GP, including Gn and Gc) on the surface of Guertu virus (GTV) could bind to receptors on host cells and induce protective immunity in the host, but knowledge is now lacking on the information of B cell epitopes (BCEs) present on GTV-GP protein. The aim of this study was to identify all BCEs on Gn of the GTV DXM strain using rabbit pAbs against GTV-Gn. Seven fine BCEs and two antigenic peptides (APs) from nine reactive 16mer-peptides were identified, which are EGn1 (2PIICEGLTHS11), EGn2 (135CSQDSGT141), EGn3 (165IP EDVF170), EGn4 (169VFQEL K174), EGn5 (187IDGILFN193), EGn6 (223QTKWIQ228), EGn7 (237CHKDGIGPC245), AP-8 (299GVRVRPKCYGFSRMMA314) and AP-9 (355CASH FCSSAESGKKNT370), of which six of mapped BCEs were recognized by the IgG-positive sheep serum obtained from sheep GTV-infected naturally. Multiple sequence alignments (MSA) based on each mapped BCE motif identified that the most of identified BCEs and APs are highly conserved among 10 SFTSV strains from different countries and lineages that share relatively close evolutionary relationships with GTV. The fine epitope mapping of the GTV-Gn would provide basic data with which to explore the GTV-Gn antigen structure and pathogenic mechanisms, and it could lay the foundation for the design and development of a GTV multi-epitope peptide vaccine and detection antigen.
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17
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Fine mapping epitope on glycoprotein Gc from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 67:101371. [PMID: 31627038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne zoonosis, caused by CCHF virus (CCHFV) and which there are no diagnostic or therapeutic strategies. The C-terminus of glycoprotein (Gc) encoded by the CCHFV M gene is responsible for CCHFV binding to cellular receptors and acts as a neutralizing-antibody target. In this study, a modified biosynthetic peptide technique (BSP) was used to identify fine epitopes of Gc from the CCHFV YL04057 strain using rabbit antiserum against CCHFV-Gc. Six B cell epitopes (BCEs) and one antigenic peptide (AP) were identified: E1 (88VEDASES94), E2 (117GDRQVEE123), E3 (241EIVTLH246), AP-4 (281DFQVYHVGNLLRGDKV296), E5a (370GDTP QLDL377), E5b (373PQLDLKAR380), and E6 (443HVRSSD448). Western blotting analysis showed that each epitope interacted with the positive serum of sheep that had been naturally infected with CCHFV, and the results were consistent with that of Dot-ELISA. The multiple sequence alignment (MSA) revealed high conservation of the identified epitopes among ten CCHFV strains from different areas, except for epitopes AP-4 and E6. Furthermore, three-dimensional structural modeling showed that all identified epitopes were located on the surface of the Gc "head" domain. These mapped epitopes of the CCHFV Gc would provide a basis for further increase our understanding CCHFV glycoprotein function and the development of a CCHFV epitope-based diagnostics vaccine and detection antigen.
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