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Zeng Z, Huang J, Zhang L. Biomimetic mesoporous carbon-silica/AAO asymmetric nanochannel array for electrochemical sensing of K + in rat brain microdialysates and serum. Talanta 2024; 268:125304. [PMID: 37898035 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Acquirement of chemical expression in practical brain system is vital to understand the molecular mechanism involved in physiological and pathological processes in brain. Though nanochannels have been demonstrated to be promising platform for electrochemical sensor, it is a great challenge for nanochannels to be employed in practical brain biofluid. In this work, we rationally designed and created the biomimetic asymmetric nanochannels for sensing of K+ through integrating in situ modification of a two-component mesoporous carbon-silica (MCS) thin film with a pore size of ∼3.6 nm at anodic alumina nanochannel array (AAO) with the ∼40 nm pores (denoted as MCS/AAO). Apparent rectification phenomenon in such functionalized nanochannel array was achieved based on diode-like ion transport. Then, 4'-aminobenzeno-18-crown-6 (SP) was selected to be chemically decorated at MCS/AAO as the specific recognition for K+ (SP/MCS/AAO). The developed SP/MCS/AAO exhibited good selectivity towards K+ detection against the coexisting interferences in brain, and possessed a good linear response to K+ concentration in the range of 0.5-10 mM with a detection limit of 0.1 mM. Combined with microdialysis technique, the variation of K+ was successfully determined in rat brain microdialysates and serums. Compared with normal rats, the concentration of K+ was found to be greatly decreased in the cerebral microdialysates and serum of rats with hypertensive model (SHR). This work unveiled a powerful platform for K+, and promised to be extended to design new strategy for detecting other chemical species, in particular non-electroactive species in biofluid related to physiological and pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Pilia N, Severi S, Raimann JG, Genovesi S, Dössel O, Kotanko P, Corsi C, Loewe A. Quantification and classification of potassium and calcium disorders with the electrocardiogram: What do clinical studies, modeling, and reconstruction tell us? APL Bioeng 2020; 4:041501. [PMID: 33062908 PMCID: PMC7532940 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by alterations of ionic concentrations are frequently observed challenges and play an important role in clinical practice. The clinically established method for the diagnosis of electrolyte concentration imbalance is blood tests. A rapid and non-invasive point-of-care method is yet needed. The electrocardiogram (ECG) could meet this need and becomes an established diagnostic tool allowing home monitoring of the electrolyte concentration also by wearable devices. In this review, we present the current state of potassium and calcium concentration monitoring using the ECG and summarize results from previous work. Selected clinical studies are presented, supporting or questioning the use of the ECG for the monitoring of electrolyte concentration imbalances. Differences in the findings from automatic monitoring studies are discussed, and current studies utilizing machine learning are presented demonstrating the potential of the deep learning approach. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of computational modeling approaches to gain insight into the mechanisms of relevant clinical findings and as a tool to obtain synthetic data for methodical improvements in monitoring approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pilia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Severi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi," University of Bologna, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - J G Raimann
- Renal Research Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - S Genovesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - O Dössel
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - C Corsi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi," University of Bologna, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - A Loewe
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Zaniboni M, Cacciani F. Restitution and adaptation measurements for the estimate of short-term cardiac action potential memory: comparison of five human ventricular models. Europace 2020; 21:1594-1602. [PMID: 31419289 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This computational study refines our recently published pacing protocol to measure short-term memory (STM) of cardiac action potential (AP), and apply it to five numerical models of human ventricular AP. METHODS AND RESULTS Several formulations of electrical restitution (ER) have been provided over the years, including standard, beat-to-beat, dynamic, steady-state, which make it difficult to compare results from different studies. We discuss here the notion of dynamic ER (dER) by relating it to its steady-state counterpart, and propose a pacing protocol based on dER to measure STM under periodically varying pacing cycle length (CL). Under high and highly variable-pacing rate, all models develop STM, which can be measured over the entire sequence by means of dER. Short-term memory can also be measured on a beat-to-beat basis by estimating action potential duration (APD) adaptation after clamping CL constant. We visualize STM as a phase shift between action potential (AP) parameters over consecutive cycles of CL oscillations, and show that delay between CL and APD oscillation is nearly constant (around 92 ms) in the five models, despite variability in their intrinsic AP properties. CONCLUSION dER, as we define it and together with other approaches described in the study, provides an univocal way to measure STM under extreme cardiac pacing conditions. Given the relevance of AP memory for repolarization dynamics and stability, STM should be considered, among other usual biomarkers, to validate and tune cardiac AP models. The possibility of extending the method to in vivo cellular and whole organ models can also be profitably explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Zaniboni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Cacciani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, Parma, Italy
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Prado NJ, Egan Beňová T, Diez ER, Knezl V, Lipták B, Ponce Zumino AZ, Llamedo-Soria M, Szeiffová Bačová B, Miatello RM, Tribulová N. Melatonin receptor activation protects against low potassium-induced ventricular fibrillation by preserving action potentials and connexin-43 topology in isolated rat hearts. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12605. [PMID: 31408542 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypokalemia prolongs the QRS and QT intervals, deteriorates intercellular coupling, and increases the risk for arrhythmia. Melatonin preserves gap junctions and shortens action potential as potential antiarrhythmic mechanisms, but its properties under hypokalemia remain unknown. We hypothesized that melatonin protects against low potassium-induced arrhythmias through the activation of its receptors, resulting in action potential shortening and connexin-43 preservation. After stabilization in Krebs-Henseleit solution (4.5 mEq/L K+ ), isolated hearts from Wistar rats underwent perfusion with low-potassium (1 mEq/L) solution and melatonin (100 μmol/L), a melatonin receptor blocker (luzindole, 5 μmol/L), melatonin + luzindole or vehicle. The primary endpoint of the study was the prevention of ventricular fibrillation. Electrocardiography was used, and epicardial action potentials and heart function were measured and analyzed. The ventricular expression, dephosphorylation, and distribution of connexin-43 were examined. Melatonin reduced the incidence of low potassium-induced ventricular fibrillation from 100% to 59%, delayed the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation and induced a faster recovery of sinus rhythm during potassium restitution. Melatonin prevented QRS widening, action potential activation delay, and the prolongation of action potential duration at 50% of repolarization. Other ECG and action potential parameters, the left ventricular developed pressure, and nonsustained ventricular arrhythmias did not differ among groups. Melatonin prevented connexin-43 dephosphorylation and its abnormal topology (lateralization). Luzindole abrogated the protective effects of melatonin on electrophysiological properties and connexin-43 misdistribution. Our results indicate that melatonin receptor activation protects against low potassium-induced ventricular fibrillation, shortens action potential duration, preserves ventricular electrical activation, and prevents acute changes in connexin-43 distribution. All of these properties make melatonin a remarkable antifibrillatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jorgelina Prado
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Tamara Egan Beňová
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Emiliano Raúl Diez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Vladimír Knezl
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Lipták
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Amira Zulma Ponce Zumino
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mariano Llamedo-Soria
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Barbara Szeiffová Bačová
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roberto Miguel Miatello
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Narcisa Tribulová
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Bratislava, Slovakia
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