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Oliveira SSC, Elias CGR, Dias FA, Lopes AH, d’Avila-Levy CM, Santos ALS, Branquinha MH. The Enhanced Expression of Cruzipain-Like Molecules in the Phytoflagellate Phytomonas serpens Recovered From the Invertebrate and Plant Hosts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:819133. [PMID: 35096661 PMCID: PMC8793489 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.819133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytomonas serpens is a protozoan parasite that alternates its life cycle between two hosts: an invertebrate vector and the tomato fruit. This phytoflagellate is able to synthesize proteins displaying similarity to the cysteine peptidase named cruzipain, an important virulence factor from Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Herein, the growth of P. serpens in complex medium (BHI) supplemented with natural tomato extract (NTE) resulted in the increased expression of cysteine peptidases, as verified by the hydrolysis of the fluorogenic substrate Z-Phe-Arg-AMC and by gelatin-SDS-PAGE. Phytoflagellates showed no changes in morphology, morphometry and viability, but the proliferation was slightly reduced when cultivated in the presence of NTE. The enhanced proteolytic activity was accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of cruzipain-like molecules, as verified by flow cytometry using anti-cruzipain antibodies. In parallel, parasites incubated under chemically defined conditions (PBS supplemented with glucose) and added of different concentration of NTE revealed an augmentation in the production of cruzipain-like molecules in a typically dose-dependent way. Similarly, P. serpens recovered from the infection of mature tomatoes showed an increase in the expression of molecules homologous to cruzipain; however, cells showed a smaller size compared to parasites grown in BHI medium. Furthermore, phytoflagellates incubated with dissected salivary glands from Oncopeltus fasciatus or recovered from the hemolymph of infected insects also showed a strong enhance in the expression of cruzipain-like molecules that is more relevant in the hemolymph. Collectively, our results showed that cysteine peptidases displaying similarities to cruzipain are more expressed during the life cycle of the phytoflagellate P. serpens both in the invertebrate and plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone S. C. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila G. R. Elias
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. Dias
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela H. Lopes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia M. d’Avila-Levy
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André L. S. Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBq), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta H. Branquinha
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Guzmán M, González-Coloma A, Fe Andrés M, Navarro-Rocha J, Martínez-Díaz RA. Biological Evaluation of Essential Oils from Selected Medicinal Plants and Their Main Components against Phytomonas davidi (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatidae). Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000521. [PMID: 32945120 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Eight essential oils (EOs) from selected medicinal plants have been tested for their activity against Phytomonas davidi, a plant trypanosomal parasite. In the present research, the EOs have been tested on promastigote forms of P. davidi ATCC® 30287™ strain, along with their major components, both separately and in binary combinations, using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. The EOs with the highest antipromastigote activity were from Origanum virens and Salvia lavandulifolia. Thymol and β-pinene were the most active pure compounds. The study of the activity of the pure compounds in combination indicated the existence of antagonistic and synergistic effects depending on the concentration tested. In general, the combinations at low concentrations favored the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guzmán
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arzobispo, Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115-dpdo, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Fe Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115-dpdo, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliana Navarro-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de, Aragón (CITA), Av. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael A Martínez-Díaz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arzobispo, Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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