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Fan J, Du H, Li G, He X. The effect of multi-tasks mechanism on cooperation in evolutionary game. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2024; 34:083101. [PMID: 39088350 DOI: 10.1063/5.0210787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Human games are inherently diverse, involving more than mere identity interactions. The diversity of game tasks offers a more authentic explanation in the exploration of social dilemmas. Human behavior is also influenced by conformity, and prosociality is a crucial factor in addressing social dilemmas. This study proposes a generalized prisoner's dilemma model of task diversity that incorporates a conformity-driven interaction. Simulation findings indicate that the diversity of multi-tasks and the path dependence contribute to the flourishing of cooperation in games. Conformity-driven interactions also promote cooperation. However, this promotion effect does not increase linearly, and only appropriate task sizes and suitable proportions of conformity-driven interactions yield optimal results. From a broader group perspective, the interplay of network adaptation, task size, and conformity-driven interaction can form a structure of attractors or repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Fan
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaochen He
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Linczuk J, Górski PJ, Szymanski BK, Hołyst JA. Multidimensional attributes expose Heider balance dynamics to measurements. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15568. [PMID: 37730884 PMCID: PMC10511462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of studied social interactions arise from dyadic relations. An exception is Heider Balance Theory that postulates the existence of triad dynamics, which however has been elusive to observe. Here, we discover a sufficient condition for the Heider dynamics observability: assigning the edge signs according to multiple opinions of connected agents. Using longitudinal records of university student mutual contacts and opinions, we create a coevolving network on which we introduce models of student interactions. These models account for: multiple topics of individual student opinions, influence of such opinions on dyadic relations, and influence of triadic relations on opinions. We show that the triadic influence is empirically measurable for static and dynamic observables when signs of edges are defined by multidimensional differences between opinions on all topics. Yet, when these signs are defined by a difference between opinions on each topic separately, the triadic interactions' influence is indistinguishable from noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Linczuk
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr J Górski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Boleslaw K Szymanski
- NEST Center, Dept. Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA.
- Academy of Social Sciences, Henryka Sienkiewicza 9, 90-113, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Janusz A Hołyst
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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He X, Li G, Du H. Conformity effect on the evolution of cooperation in signed networks. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:023114. [PMID: 36859219 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human behaviors are often subject to conformity, but little research attention has been paid to social dilemmas in which players are assumed to only pursue the maximization of their payoffs. The present study proposed a generalized prisoner dilemma model in a signed network considering conformity. Simulation shows that conformity helps promote the imitation of cooperative behavior when positive edges dominate the network, while negative edges may impede conformity from fostering cooperation. The logic of homophily and xenophobia allows for the coexistence of cooperators and defectors and guides the evolution toward the equality of the two strategies. We also find that cooperation prevails when individuals have a higher probability of adjusting their relation signs, but conformity may mediate the effect of network adaptation. From a population-wide view, network adaptation and conformity are capable of forming the structures of attractors or repellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen He
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
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4
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Stella M, Swanson TJ, Li Y, Hills TT, Teixeira AS. Cognitive networks detect structural patterns and emotional complexity in suicide notes. Front Psychol 2022; 13:917630. [PMID: 36570999 PMCID: PMC9773561 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.917630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communicating one's mindset means transmitting complex relationships between concepts and emotions. Using network science and word co-occurrences, we reconstruct conceptual associations as communicated in 139 genuine suicide notes, i.e., notes left by individuals who took their lives. We find that, despite their negative context, suicide notes are surprisingly positively valenced. Through emotional profiling, their ending statements are found to be markedly more emotional than their main body: The ending sentences in suicide notes elicit deeper fear/sadness but also stronger joy/trust and anticipation than the main body. Furthermore, by using data from the Emotional Recall Task, we model emotional transitions within these notes as co-occurrence networks and compare their structure against emotional recalls from mentally healthy individuals. Supported by psychological literature, we introduce emotional complexity as an affective analog of structural balance theory, measuring how elementary cycles (closed triads) of emotion co-occurrences mix positive, negative and neutral states in narratives and recollections. At the group level, authors of suicide narratives display a higher complexity than healthy individuals, i.e., lower levels of coherently valenced emotional states in triads. An entropy measure identified a similar tendency for suicide notes to shift more frequently between contrasting emotional states. Both the groups of authors of suicide notes and healthy individuals exhibit less complexity than random expectation. Our results demonstrate that suicide notes possess highly structured and contrastive narratives of emotions, more complex than expected by null models and healthy populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stella
- CogNosco Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Massimo Stella
| | - Trevor J. Swanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Ying Li
| | - Thomas T. Hills
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Andreia S. Teixeira
- LASIGE, Departamento de Informática, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal,INESC-ID, Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Brito-Montes J, Canto-Lugo E, Huerta-Quintanilla R. Modularity, balance, and frustration in student social networks: The role of negative relationships in communities. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278647. [PMID: 36480539 PMCID: PMC9731467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signed networks provide information to study the structure and composition of relationships (positive and negative) among individuals in a complex system. Individuals, through different criteria, form groups or organizations called communities. Community structures are one of the important properties of social networks. In this work, we aim to analyze the perturbation of negative relationships in communities. We developed a methodology to obtain and analyze the optimal community partitions in nine school networks in the state of Yucatán, México. We implemented a technique based on the social balance theory in signed networks to complete negative missing links and further applied two methods of community detection: Newman's and Louvain's algorithms. We obtain values close to Dunbar's ratio for both types of relationships, positive and negative. The concepts of balance and frustration were analyzed, and modularity was used to measure the perturbation of negative relationships in communities. We observe differences among communities of different academic degrees. Elementary school communities are unstable, i.e. significantly perturbed by negative relationships, in secondary school communities are semi-stable, and in high school and the university the communities are stable. The analyzes indicate that a greater number of negative links in the networks does not necessarily imply higher instability in the communities, but other social factors are also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Brito-Montes
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Efrain Canto-Lugo
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
- * E-mail:
| | - Rodrigo Huerta-Quintanilla
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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6
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Yang M, Wang X, Huang M, Ma L, He Q. A Novel Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Judgment-Rule Evolution Strategy for Structural Balance in Signed Social Networks. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TOPICS IN COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/tetci.2021.3089714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Yang
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Huang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lianbo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, College of Software, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang He
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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7
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A promotive structural balance model based on reinforcement learning for signed social networks. Neural Comput Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-022-07298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Takács K, Gross J, Testori M, Letina S, Kenny AR, Power EA, Wittek RPM. Networks of reliable reputations and cooperation: a review. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200297. [PMID: 34601917 PMCID: PMC8487750 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reputation has been shown to provide an informal solution to the problem of cooperation in human societies. After reviewing models that connect reputations and cooperation, we address how reputation results from information exchange embedded in a social network that changes endogenously itself. Theoretical studies highlight that network topologies have different effects on the extent of cooperation, since they can foster or hinder the flow of reputational information. Subsequently, we review models and empirical studies that intend to grasp the coevolution of reputations, cooperation and social networks. We identify open questions in the literature concerning how networks affect the accuracy of reputations, the honesty of shared information and the spread of reputational information. Certain network topologies may facilitate biased beliefs and intergroup competition or in-group identity formation that could lead to high cooperation within but conflicts between different subgroups of a network. Our review covers theoretical, experimental and field studies across various disciplines that target these questions and could explain how the dynamics of interactions and reputations help or prevent the establishment and sustainability of cooperation in small- and large-scale societies. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The language of cooperation: reputation and honest signalling’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Takács
- The Institute for Analytical Sociology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.,Computational Social Science-Research Center for Educational and Network Studies (CSS-RECENS), Centre for Social Sciences, Tóth Kálmán u. 4., 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jörg Gross
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Testori
- Organization Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Srebrenka Letina
- The Institute for Analytical Sociology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.,Institute of Health and Wellbeing, MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Berkeley Square, 99 Berkeley Street, Glasgow G3 7HR, UK
| | - Adam R Kenny
- Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, 64 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK.,Calleva Research Centre for Evolution and Human Sciences, Magdalen College, High Street, Oxford OX1 4AU, UK
| | - Eleanor A Power
- Department of Methodology, The London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK
| | - Rafael P M Wittek
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712 TG Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Teixeira AS, Talaga S, Swanson TJ, Stella M. Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19423. [PMID: 34593826 PMCID: PMC8484592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98147-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how people who commit suicide perceive their cognitive states and emotions represents an important open scientific challenge. We build upon cognitive network science, psycholinguistics and semantic frame theory to introduce a network representation of suicidal ideation as expressed in multiple suicide notes. By reconstructing the knowledge structure of such notes, we reveal interconnections between the ideas and emotional states of people who committed suicide through an analysis of emotional balance motivated by structural balance theory, semantic prominence and emotional profiling. Our results indicate that connections between positively- and negatively-valenced terms give rise to a degree of balance that is significantly higher than in a null model where the affective structure is randomized and in a linguistic baseline model capturing mind-wandering in absence of suicidal ideation. We show that suicide notes are affectively compartmentalized such that positive concepts tend to cluster together and dominate the overall network structure. Notably, this positive clustering diverges from perceptions of self, which are found to be dominated by negative, sad conceptual associations in analyses based on subject-verb-object relationships and emotional profiling. A key positive concept is "love", which integrates information relating the self to others and is semantically prominent across suicide notes. The emotions constituting the semantic frame of "love" combine joy and trust with anticipation and sadness, which can be linked to psychological theories of meaning-making as well as narrative psychology. Our results open new ways for understanding the structure of genuine suicide notes and may be used to inform future research on suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Sofia Teixeira
- LASIGE, Departamento de Informática, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- INESC-ID, R. Alves Redol 9, 1000-029, Lisbon, Portugal
- Indiana Network Science Institute, Indiana University, 1001 IN-45, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Hospital da Luz Learning Health, Luz Saúde, Avenida Lusíada, 100, Edifício C, 1500-650, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Szymon Talaga
- Robert Zajonc Institute for Social Studies, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, Warsaw, 00-183, Poland
| | - Trevor James Swanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Massimo Stella
- CogNosco Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK.
- Complex Science Consulting, Via Amilcare Foscarini 2, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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10
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Yang M, Ma L, Wang X, Huang M, He Q. An improved network structural balance approach based on weighted node-to-node influence with evolutionary algorithm. Appl Soft Comput 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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He X, Du H, Feldman MW, Li G. Information diffusion in signed networks. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224177. [PMID: 31661504 PMCID: PMC6818773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Information diffusion has been widely discussed in various disciplines including sociology, economics, physics or computer science. In this paper, we generalize the linear threshold model in signed networks consisting of both positive and negative links. We analyze the dynamics of the spread of information based on balance theory, and find that a signed network can generate path dependence while structural balance can help remove the path dependence when seeded with balanced initialized active nodes. Simulation shows that the diffusion of information based on positive links contradicts that based on negative links. More positive links in signed networks are more likely to activate nodes and remove path dependence, but they can reduce predictability that is based on active states. We also find that a balanced structure can facilitate both the magnitude and speed of information diffusion, remove the path dependence, and cause polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen He
- Center for Administration and Complexity Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Sociology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Haifeng Du
- Center for Administration and Complexity Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (HD); (MWF)
| | - Marcus W. Feldman
- Center for Administration and Complexity Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HD); (MWF)
| | - Guangyu Li
- Center for Administration and Complexity Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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12
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He X, Du H, Cai M, Feldman MW. Correction: The evolution of cooperation in signed networks under the impact of structural balance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207144. [PMID: 30388178 PMCID: PMC6214562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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