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Poudel BH, Koks S. The whole transcriptome analysis using FFPE and fresh tissue samples identifies the molecular fingerprint of osteosarcoma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10161. [PMID: 38966281 PMCID: PMC11222325 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a form of bone cancer that predominantly impacts osteoblasts, the cells responsible for creating fresh bone tissue. Typical indications include bone pain, inflammation, sensitivity, mobility constraints, and fractures. Utilising imaging techniques such as X-rays, MRI scans, and CT scans can provide insights into the size and location of the tumour. Additionally, a biopsy is employed to confirm the diagnosis. Analysing genes with distinct expression patterns unique to osteosarcoma can be valuable for early detection and the development of effective treatment approaches. In this research, we comprehensively examined the entire transcriptome and pinpointed genes with altered expression profiles specific to osteosarcoma. The study mainly aimed to identify the molecular fingerprint of osteosarcoma. In this study, we processed 90 FFPE samples from PathWest with an almost equal number of osteosarcoma and healthy tissues. RNA was extracted from Paraffin-embedded tissue; RNA was sequenced, the sequencing data was analysed, and gene expression was compared to the healthy samples of the same patients. Differentially expressed genes in osteosarcoma-derived samples were identified, and the functions of those genes were explored. This result was combined with our previous studies based on FFPE and fresh samples to perform a meta-analysis. We identified 1,500 identical differentially expressed genes in PathWest osteosarcoma samples compared to normal tissue samples of the same patients. Meta-analysis with combined fresh tissue samples identified 530 differentially expressed genes. IFITM5, MMP13, PANX3, and MAGEA6 were some of the most overexpressed genes in osteosarcoma samples, while SLC4A1, HBA1, HBB, AQP7 genes were some of the top downregulated genes. Through the meta-analysis, 530 differentially expressed genes were identified to be identical among FFPE (105 FFPE samples) and 36 fresh bone samples. Deconvolution analysis with single-cell RNAseq data confirmed the presence of specific cell clusters in FFPE samples. We propose these 530 DEGs as a molecular fingerprint of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bal Hari Poudel
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapy, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Perron Institute of Neurological Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sulev Koks
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapy, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Perron Institute of Neurological Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
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2
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Niu J, Chen Y, Chai HC, Sasidharan S. Exploring MiR-484 Regulation by Polyalthia longifolia: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Cervical Cancer through Integrated Bioinformatics and an In Vitro Analysis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:909. [PMID: 38672263 PMCID: PMC11047986 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiR-484, implicated in various carcinomas, holds promise as a prognostic marker, yet its relevance to cervical cancer (CC) remains unclear. Our prior study demonstrated the Polyalthia longifolia downregulation of miR-484, inhibiting HeLa cells. This study investigates miR-484's potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in CC through integrated bioinformatics and an in vitro analysis. METHODS MiR-484 levels were analyzed across cancers, including CC, from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The limma R package identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high- and low-miR-484 CC cohorts. We assessed biological functions, tumor microenvironment (TME), immunotherapy, stemness, hypoxia, RNA methylation, and chemosensitivity differences. Prognostic genes relevant to miR-484 were identified through Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses, and a prognostic model was captured via multivariate Cox regression. Single-cell RNA sequencing determined cell populations related to prognostic genes. qRT-PCR validated key genes, and the miR-484 effect on CC proliferation was assessed via an MTT assay. RESULTS MiR-484 was upregulated in most tumors, including CC, with DEGs enriched in skin development, PI3K signaling, and immune processes. High miR-484 expression correlated with specific immune cell infiltration, hypoxia, and drug sensitivity. Prognostic genes identified were predominantly epidermal and stratified patients with CC into risk groups, with the low-risk group showing enhanced survival and immunotherapeutic responses. qRT-PCR confirmed FGFR3 upregulation in CC cells, and an miR-484 mimic reversed the P. longifolia inhibitory effect on HeLa proliferation. CONCLUSION MiR-484 plays a crucial role in the CC progression and prognosis, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Niu
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
- School of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hwa Chia Chai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
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3
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Corbet AK, Bikorimana E, Boyd RI, Shokry D, Kries K, Gupta A, Paton A, Sun Z, Fazal Z, Freemantle SJ, Nelson ER, Spinella MJ, Singh R. G0S2 promotes antiestrogenic and pro-migratory responses in ER+ and ER- breast cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2023; 33:101676. [PMID: 37086619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is known to inhibit lipolysis by inhibiting adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). In this report, we dissect the role of G0S2 in ER+ versus ER- breast cancer. Overexpression of G0S2 in ER- cells increased cell proliferation, while G0S2 overexpression in ER+ cells decreased cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that G0S2 mediated distinct but overlapping transcriptional responses in ER- and ER+ cells. G0S2 reduced genes associated with an epithelial phenotype, especially in ER- cells, including CDH1, ELF3, STEAP4 and TACSTD2, suggesting promotion of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). G0S2 also repressed estrogen signaling and estrogen receptor target gene signatures, especially in ER+ cells, including TFF1 and TFF3. In addition, G0S2 overexpression increased cell migration in ER- cells and increased estrogen deprivation sensitivity in ER+ cells. Interestingly, two genes downstream of ATGL in fat utilization and very important in steroid hormone biosynthesis, HMGCS1 and HMGCS2, were downregulated in G0S2 overexpressing ER+ cells. In addition, HSD17B11, a gene that converts estradiol to its less estrogenic derivative, estrone, was highly upregulated in G0S2 overexpressing ER+ cells, suggesting G0S2 overexpression has a negative effect on estradiol production and maintenance. High expression of G0S2 and HSD17B11 was associated with improved relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients while high expression of HMGSC1 was associated with poor survival. Finally, we deleted G0S2 in breast cancer-prone MMTV-PyMT mice. Our data indicates a complex role for G0S2 in breast cancer, dependent on ER status, that may be partially mediated by suppression of the estrogen signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Corbet
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Emmanuel Bikorimana
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Raya I Boyd
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Doha Shokry
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kelly Kries
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ayush Gupta
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Anneliese Paton
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhengyang Sun
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sarah J Freemantle
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Zhang R, Meng J, Yang S, Liu W, Shi L, Zeng J, Chang J, Liang B, Liu N, Xing D. Recent Advances on the Role of ATGL in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:944025. [PMID: 35912266 PMCID: PMC9326118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic state of the tumor microenvironment leads to reprogramming lipid metabolism in tumor cells. Adipose triglyceride lipase, also known as patatin-like phospholipase= domain-containing protein 2 and Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), as an essential lipid metabolism-regulating enzyme in cells, is regulated accordingly under hypoxia induction. However, studies revealed that ATGL exhibits both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects, which depend on the cancer cell type and the site of tumorigenesis. For example, elevated ATGL expression in breast cancer is accompanied by enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO), enhancing cancer cells’ metastatic ability. In prostate cancer, on the other hand, tumor activity tends to be negatively correlated with ATGL expression. This review outlined the regulation of ATGL-mediated lipid metabolism pathways in tumor cells, emphasizing the Hypoxia-inducible factors 1 (HIF-1)/Hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated (HIG-2)/ATGL axis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)/G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2)/ATGL axis, and fat-specific protein 27 (FSP-27)/Early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1)/ATGL axis. In the light of recent research on different cancer types, the role of ATGL on tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, and tumor metastasis was systemically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshuai Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingsen Meng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanbo Yang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingyu Shi
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Liu, ; Dongming Xing,
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Liu, ; Dongming Xing,
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Brain and Breast Cancer Cells with PTEN Loss of Function Reveal Enhanced Durotaxis and RHOB Dependent Amoeboid Migration Utilizing 3D Scaffolds and Aligned Microfiber Tracts. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205144. [PMID: 34680293 PMCID: PMC8533830 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with PTEN mutations often lead to brain dissemination with poor patient outcome, thus new therapeutic targets are needed. To understand signaling, controlling the dynamics and mechanics of brain tumor cell migration, we implemented GBM and TNBC cell lines and designed 3D aligned microfibers and scaffolds mimicking brain structures. METHODS 3D microfibers and scaffolds were printed using melt electrowriting. GBM and TNBC cell lines with opposing PTEN genotypes were analyzed with RHO-ROCK-PTEN inhibitors and PTEN rescue using live-cell imaging. RNA-sequencing and qPCR of tumor cells in 3D with microfibers were performed, while scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy addressed cell morphology. RESULTS In contrast to the PTEN wildtype, GBM and TNBC cells with PTEN loss of function yielded enhanced durotaxis, topotaxis, adhesion, amoeboid migration on 3D microfibers and significant high RHOB expression. Functional studies concerning RHOB-ROCK-PTEN signaling confirmed the essential role for the above cellular processes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a significant role of the PTEN genotype and RHOB expression for durotaxis, adhesion and migration dependent on 3D. GBM and TNBC cells with PTEN loss of function have an affinity for stiff brain structures promoting metastasis. 3D microfibers represent an important tool to model brain metastasizing tumor cells, where RHO-inhibitors could play an essential role for improved therapy.
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6
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Darrigues E, Elberson BW, De Loose A, Lee MP, Green E, Benton AM, Sink LG, Scott H, Gokden M, Day JD, Rodriguez A. Brain Tumor Biobank Development for Precision Medicine: Role of the Neurosurgeon. Front Oncol 2021; 11:662260. [PMID: 33981610 PMCID: PMC8108694 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.662260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-oncology biobanks are critical for the implementation of a precision medicine program. In this perspective, we review our first year experience of a brain tumor biobank with integrated next generation sequencing. From our experience, we describe the critical role of the neurosurgeon in diagnosis, research, and precision medicine efforts. In the first year of implementation of the biobank, 117 patients (Female: 62; Male: 55) had 125 brain tumor surgeries. 75% of patients had tumors biobanked, and 16% were of minority race/ethnicity. Tumors biobanked were as follows: diffuse gliomas (45%), brain metastases (29%), meningioma (21%), and other (5%). Among biobanked patients, 100% also had next generation sequencing. Eleven patients qualified for targeted therapy based on identification of actionable gene mutations. One patient with a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome was also identified. An iterative quality improvement process was implemented to streamline the workflow between the operating room, pathology, and the research laboratory. Dedicated tumor bank personnel in the department of neurosurgery greatly improved standard operating procedure. Intraoperative selection and processing of tumor tissue by the neurosurgeon was integral to increasing success with cell culture assays. Currently, our institutional protocol integrates standard histopathological diagnosis, next generation sequencing, and functional assays on surgical specimens to develop precision medicine protocols for our patients. This perspective reviews the critical role of neurosurgeons in brain tumor biobank implementation and success as well as future directions for enhancing precision medicine efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Darrigues
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Benjamin W Elberson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Annick De Loose
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Madison P Lee
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Ebonye Green
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Ashley M Benton
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Ladye G Sink
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Hayden Scott
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Murat Gokden
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - John D Day
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Di Giorgio E, Paluvai H, Picco R, Brancolini C. Genetic Programs Driving Oncogenic Transformation: Lessons from in Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246283. [PMID: 31842516 PMCID: PMC6940909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer complexity relies on the intracellular pleiotropy of oncogenes/tumor suppressors and in the strong interplay between tumors and micro- and macro-environments. Here we followed a reductionist approach, by analyzing the transcriptional adaptations induced by three oncogenes (RAS, MYC, and HDAC4) in an isogenic transformation process. Common pathways, in place of common genes became dysregulated. From our analysis it emerges that, during the process of transformation, tumor cells cultured in vitro prime some signaling pathways suitable for coping with the blood supply restriction, metabolic adaptations, infiltration of immune cells, and for acquiring the morphological plasticity needed during the metastatic phase. Finally, we identified two signatures of genes commonly regulated by the three oncogenes that successfully predict the outcome of patients affected by different cancer types. These results emphasize that, in spite of the heterogeneous mutational burden among different cancers and even within the same tumor, some common hubs do exist. Their location, at the intersection of the various signaling pathways, makes a therapeutic approach exploitable.
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8
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Cho E, Kwon YJ, Ye DJ, Baek HS, Kwon TU, Choi HK, Chun YJ. G0/G1 Switch 2 Induces Cell Survival and Metastasis through Integrin-Mediated Signal Transduction in Human Invasive Breast Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:591-602. [PMID: 31272137 PMCID: PMC6824625 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, is highly invasive and aggressive, compared to less invasive cell line, MCF-7. To explore the genes that might influence the malignancy of MDA-MB-231, DNA microarray analysis was performed. The results showed that G0/G1 switch 2 (G0S2) was one of the most highly expressed genes among the genes upregulated in MDA-MB-231. Although G0S2 acts as a direct inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase, action of G0S2 in cancer progression is not yet understood. To investigate whether G0S2 affects invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells, G0S2 expression was inhibited using siRNA, which led to decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Consequently, G0S2 inhibition inactivated integrinregulated FAK-Src signaling, which promoted Hippo signaling and inactivated ERK1/2 signaling. In addition, G0S2 downregulation decreased β-catenin expression, while E-cadherin expression was increased. It was demonstrated for the first time that G0S2 mediates the Hippo pathway and induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Taken together, our results suggest that G0S2 is a major factor contributing to cell survival and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunah Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Ye
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seok Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Metareceptome Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
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Williams D, Fingleton B. Non-canonical roles for metabolic enzymes and intermediates in malignant progression and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:211-224. [PMID: 31073762 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations are established as a hallmark of cancer. Such hallmark changes in cancer metabolism are characterized by reprogramming of energy-producing pathways and increases in the generation of biosynthetic intermediates to meet the needs of rapidly proliferating tumor cells. Various metabolic phenotypes such as aerobic glycolysis, increased glutamine consumption, and lipolysis have also been associated with the process of metastasis. However, in addition to the energy and biosynthetic alterations, a number of secondary functions of enzymes and metabolites are emerging that specifically contribute to metastasis. Here, we describe atypical intracellular roles of metabolic enzymes, extracellular functions of metabolic enzymes, roles of metabolites as signaling molecules, and epigenetic regulation mediated by altered metabolism, all of which can affect metastatic progression. We highlight how some of these mechanisms are already being exploited for therapeutic purposes, and discuss how others show similar potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demond Williams
- Program in Cancer Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Barbara Fingleton
- Program in Cancer Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Lipolytic inhibitor G0S2 modulates glioma stem-like cell radiation response. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:147. [PMID: 30953555 PMCID: PMC6451284 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation (IR) therapy is the standard first-line treatment for newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and malignant primary brain tumor. However, the effects of IR are limited due to the aberrant radioresistance of GBM. METHODS Transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA-seq in radioresistant patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). Survival of glioma patient and mice bearing-brain tumors was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Lipid droplet and γ-H2AX foci-positive cells were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Lipolytic inhibitor G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is upregulated in radioresistant GSCs and elevated in clinical GBM. GBM patients with high G0S2 expression had significantly shorter overall survival compared with those with low expression of G0S2. Using genetic approaches targeting G0S2 in glioma cells and GSCs, we found that knockdown of G0S2 promoted lipid droplet turnover, inhibited GSC radioresistance, and extended survival of xenograft tumor mice with or without IR. In contrast, overexpression of G0S2 promoted glioma cell radiation resistance. Mechanistically, high expression of G0S2 reduced lipid droplet turnover and thereby attenuated E3 ligase RNF168-mediated 53BP1 ubiquitination through activated the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) signaling and increased 53BP1 protein stability in response to IR, leading to enhanced DNA repair and glioma radioresistance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover a new function for lipolytic inhibitor G0S2 as an important regulator for GSC radioresistance, suggesting G0S2 as a potential therapeutic target for treating gliomas.
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