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Olmo R, Quijada NM, Morán-Diez ME, Hermosa R, Monte E. Identification of Tomato microRNAs in Late Response to Trichoderma atroviride. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1617. [PMID: 38338899 PMCID: PMC10855890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important crop worldwide and is considered a model plant to study stress responses. Small RNAs (sRNAs), 21-24 nucleotides in length, are recognized as a conserved mechanism for regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. Plant endogenous sRNAs, such as microRNA (miRNA), have been involved in disease resistance. High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to analyze the miRNA profile of the aerial part of 30-day-old tomato plants after the application of the fungus Trichoderma atroviride to the seeds at the transcriptional memory state. Compared to control plants, ten differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in those inoculated with Trichoderma, five upregulated and five downregulated, of which seven were known (miR166a, miR398-3p, miR408, miR5300, miR6024, miR6027-5p, and miR9471b-3p), and three were putatively novel (novel miR257, novel miR275, and novel miR1767). miRNA expression levels were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR analysis. A plant sRNA target analysis of the DE miRNAs predicted 945 potential target genes, most of them being downregulated (84%). The analysis of KEGG metabolic pathways showed that most of the targets harbored functions associated with plant-pathogen interaction, membrane trafficking, and protein kinases. Expression changes of tomato miRNAs caused by Trichoderma are linked to plant defense responses and appear to have long-lasting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Enrique Monte
- Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain; (R.O.); (N.M.Q.); (M.E.M.-D.); (R.H.)
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2
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Sharma D, Koul A, Bhushan S, Gupta S, Kaul S, Dhar MK. Insights into microRNA-mediated interaction and regulation of metabolites in tomato. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:1142-1153. [PMID: 37681459 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs direct regulation of various metabolic pathways in plants and animals. miRNAs may be useful in developing novel/elite genotypes, with enhanced metabolites and disease resistance. We examined miRNAs in tomato. In tomato, miRNAs in the carotenoid pathway have not been fully elucidated. We examined the potential role of miRNAs in biosynthesis of carotenoids, transcript profiling of miRNAs and their possible targets (genes and transcription factors) at different development stages of tomato using stem-loop PCR and RT-qPCR. We also identified miRNAs targeting key flavonoid genes, such as chalcone isomerase (CHI), and dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR). Distinct expression profiles of miRNAs and their targets were found in fruits of three tomato accessions, suggesting carotenoid regulation by miRNAs at various stages of fruit development. This was also confirmed using HPLC of the carotenoids. The present study may help in understanding possible regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis. The identified miRNAs can be exploited to enhance biosynthesis of different carotenoids in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sharma
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - A Koul
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S Bhushan
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Bagla (Rahya Suchani), Samba, Jammu, India
| | - S Gupta
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - S Kaul
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - M K Dhar
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
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3
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Homma F, Huang J, van der Hoorn RAL. AlphaFold-Multimer predicts cross-kingdom interactions at the plant-pathogen interface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6040. [PMID: 37758696 PMCID: PMC10533508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adapted plant pathogens from various microbial kingdoms produce hundreds of unrelated small secreted proteins (SSPs) with elusive roles. Here, we used AlphaFold-Multimer (AFM) to screen 1879 SSPs of seven tomato pathogens for interacting with six defence-related hydrolases of tomato. This screen of 11,274 protein pairs identified 15 non-annotated SSPs that are predicted to obstruct the active site of chitinases and proteases with an intrinsic fold. Four SSPs were experimentally verified to be inhibitors of pathogenesis-related subtilase P69B, including extracellular protein-36 (Ecp36) and secreted-into-xylem-15 (Six15) of the fungal pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. Together with a P69B inhibitor from the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas perforans and Kazal-like inhibitors of the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, P69B emerges as an effector hub targeted by different microbial kingdoms, consistent with a diversification of P69B orthologs and paralogs. This study demonstrates the power of artificial intelligence to predict cross-kingdom interactions at the plant-pathogen interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Homma
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxford, UK
| | - Jie Huang
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxford, UK
| | - Renier A L van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxford, UK.
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4
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Tomato Response to Fusarium spp. Infection under Field Conditions: Study of Potential Genes Involved. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most important horticultural crops in the world and is severely affected by Fusarium diseases. To successfully manage these diseases, new insights on the expression of plant–pathogen interaction genes involved in immunity responses to Fusarium spp. infection are required. The aim of this study was to assess the level of infection of Fusarium spp. in field tomato samples and to evaluate the differential expression of target genes involved in plant–pathogen interactions in groups presenting different infection levels. Our study was able to detect Fusarium spp. in 16 from a total of 20 samples, proving the effectiveness of the primer set designed in the ITS region for its detection, and allowed the identification of two main different species complexes: Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti. Results demonstrated that the level of infection positively influenced the expression of the transcription factor WRKY41 and the CBEF (calcium-binding EF hand family protein) genes, involved in plant innate resistance to pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the expression of tomato defense-related gene expression is studied in response to Fusarium infection under natural field conditions. We highlight the importance of these studies for the identification of candidate genes to incorporate new sources of resistance in tomato and achieve sustainable plant disease management.
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Defense Strategies: The Role of Transcription Factors in Tomato-Pathogen Interaction. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020235. [PMID: 35205101 PMCID: PMC8869667 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Tomato is one of the most cultivated and economically important vegetable crops throughout the world. It is affected by a panoply of different pathogens that cause infectious diseases that reduce tomato yield and affect product quality, with the most common symptoms being wilts, leaf spots/blights, fruit spots, and rots. To survive, tomato, as other plants, have developed elaborate defense mechanisms against plant pathogens. Among several genes already identified in tomato response to pathogens, we highlight those encoding the transcription factors (TFs). TFs are regulators of gene expression and are involved in large-scale biological phenomena. Here, we present an overview of recent studies of tomato TFs regarding defense responses to pathogen attack, selected for their abundance, importance, and availability of functionally well-characterized members. Tomato TFs’ roles and the possibilities related to their use for genetic engineering in view of crop breeding are presented. Abstract Tomato, one of the most cultivated and economically important vegetable crops throughout the world, is affected by a panoply of different pathogens that reduce yield and affect product quality. The study of tomato–pathogen system arises as an ideal system for better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying disease resistance, offering an opportunity of improving yield and quality of the products. Among several genes already identified in tomato response to pathogens, we highlight those encoding the transcription factors (TFs). TFs act as transcriptional activators or repressors of gene expression and are involved in large-scale biological phenomena. They are key regulators of central components of plant innate immune system and basal defense in diverse biological processes, including defense responses to pathogens. Here, we present an overview of recent studies of tomato TFs regarding defense responses to biotic stresses. Hence, we focus on different families of TFs, selected for their abundance, importance, and availability of functionally well-characterized members in response to pathogen attack. Tomato TFs’ roles and possibilities related to their use for engineering pathogen resistance in tomato are presented. With this review, we intend to provide new insights into the regulation of tomato defense mechanisms against invading pathogens in view of plant breeding.
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Genome-wide screening and identification of nuclear Factor-Y family genes and exploration their function on regulating abiotic and biotic stress in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Gene 2021; 812:146089. [PMID: 34896520 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Nuclear Factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factor (TF), which includes three distinct subunits (NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC), is known to manipulate various aspects of plant growth, development, and stress responses. Although the NF-Y gene family was well studied in many species, little is known about their functions in potato. In this study, a total of 37 potato NF-Y genes were identified, including 11 StNF-YAs, 20 StNF-YBs, and 6 StNF-YCs. The genetic features of these StNF-Y genes were investigated by comparing their evolutionary relationship, intron/exon organization and motif distribution pattern. Multiple alignments showed that all StNF-Y proteins possessed clearly conserved core regions that were flanked by non-conserved sequences. Gene duplication analysis indicated that nine StNF-Y genes were subjected to tandem duplication and eight StNF-Ys arose from segmental duplication events. Synteny analysis suggested that most StNF-Y genes (33 of 37) were orthologous to potato's close relative tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Tissue-specific expression of the StNF-Y genes suggested their potential roles in controlling potato growth and development. The role of StNF-Ys in regulating potato responses to abiotic stress (ABA, drought and salinity) was also confirmed: twelve StNF-Y genes were up-regulated and another two were down-regulated under different abiotic treatments. In addition, genes responded differently to pathogen challenges, suggesting that StNF-Y genes may play distinct roles under certain biotic stress. In summary, insights into the evolution of NF-Y family members and their functions in potato development and stress responses are provided.
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Campos MD, Félix MDR, Patanita M, Materatski P, Varanda C. High throughput sequencing unravels tomato-pathogen interactions towards a sustainable plant breeding. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:171. [PMID: 34333540 PMCID: PMC8325677 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most economically important vegetables throughout the world. It is one of the best studied cultivated dicotyledonous plants, often used as a model system for plant research into classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and molecular biology. Tomato plants are affected by different pathogens such as viruses, viroids, fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, and nematodes, that reduce yield and affect product quality. The study of tomato as a plant-pathogen system helps to accelerate the discovery and understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease resistance and offers the opportunity of improving the yield and quality of their edible products. The use of functional genomics has contributed to this purpose through both traditional and recently developed techniques, that allow the identification of plant key functional genes in susceptible and resistant responses, and the understanding of the molecular basis of compatible interactions during pathogen attack. Next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS), which produce massive quantities of sequencing data, have greatly accelerated research in biological sciences and offer great opportunities to better understand the molecular networks of plant-pathogen interactions. In this review, we summarize important research that used high-throughput RNA-seq technology to obtain transcriptome changes in tomato plants in response to a wide range of pathogens such as viruses, fungi, bacteria, oomycetes, and nematodes. These findings will facilitate genetic engineering efforts to incorporate new sources of resistance in tomato for protection against pathogens and are of major importance for sustainable plant-disease management, namely the ones relying on the plant's innate immune mechanisms in view of plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doroteia Campos
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Rosário Félix
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Mariana Patanita
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Patrick Materatski
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Carla Varanda
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
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Yue H, Huang LP, Lu DYH, Zhang ZH, Zhang Z, Zhang DY, Zheng LM, Gao Y, Tan XQ, Zhou XG, Shi XB, Liu Y. Integrated Analysis of microRNA and mRNA Transcriptome Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Solanum lycopersicum Response to Bemisia tabaci and Tomato chlorosis virus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:693574. [PMID: 34239512 PMCID: PMC8258350 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.693574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), is one of the most devastating cultivated tomato viruses, seriously threatened the growth of crops worldwide. As the vector of ToCV, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED) is mainly responsible for the rapid spread of ToCV. The current understanding of tomato plant responses to this virus and B. tabaci is very limited. To understand the molecular mechanism of the interaction between tomato, ToCV and B. tabaci, we adopted a next-generation sequencing approach to decipher miRNAs and mRNAs that are differentially expressed under the infection of B. tabaci and ToCV in tomato plants. Our data revealed that 6199 mRNAs were significantly regulated, and the differentially expressed genes were most significantly associated with the plant-pathogen interaction, the MAPK signaling pathway, the glyoxylate, and the carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms and photosynthesis related proteins. Concomitantly, 242 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected, including novel putative miRNAs. Sly-miR159, sly-miR9471b-3p, and sly-miR162 were the most expressed miRNAs in each sample compare to control group. Moreover, we compared the similarities and differences of gene expression in tomato plant caused by infection or co-infection of B. tabaci and ToCV. Taken together, the analysis reported in this article lays a solid foundation for further research on the interaction between tomato, ToCV and B. tabaci, and provide evidence for the identification of potential key genes that influences virus transmission in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- Subcollege of Longping, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Ping Huang
- Subcollege of Longping, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Ding-Yi-Hui Lu
- Subcollege of Longping, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Zhan-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - De-Yong Zhang
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Min Zheng
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Qiu Tan
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Xu-Guo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Xiao-Bin Shi
- Subcollege of Longping, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Subcollege of Longping, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
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Gaafar YZA, Ziebell H. Novel targets for engineering Physostegia chlorotic mottle and tomato brown rugose fruit virus-resistant tomatoes: in silico prediction of tomato microRNA targets. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10096. [PMID: 33194382 PMCID: PMC7597636 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physostegia chlorotic mottle virus (PhCMoV; genus: Alphanucleorhabdovirus, family: Rhabdoviridae) and tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV; genus: Tobamovirus, family: Virgaviridae) are newly emerging plant viruses that have a dramatic effect on tomato production. Among various known virus-control strategies, RNAi-mediated defence has shown the potential to protect plants against various pathogens including viral infections. Micro(mi)RNAs play a major role in RNAi-mediated defence. Methods Using in silico analyses, we investigated the possibility of tomato-encoded miRNAs (TomiRNA) to target PhCMoV and ToBRFV genomes using five different algorithms, i.e., miRanda, RNAhybrid, RNA22, Tapirhybrid and psRNATarget. Results The results revealed that 14 loci on PhCMoV and 10 loci on ToBRFV can be targeted by the TomiRNAs based on the prediction of at least three algorithms. Interestingly, one TomiRNA, miR6026, can target open reading frames from both viruses, i.e., the phosphoprotein encoding gene of PhCMoV, and the two replicase components of ToBRFV. There are currently no commercially available PhCMoV- or ToBRFV-resistant tomato varieties, therefore the predicted data provide useful information for the development of PhCMoV- and ToBFRV-resistant tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Zakaria Abdou Gaafar
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) -Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Heiko Ziebell
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) -Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
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10
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Silencing Dicer-Like Genes Reduces Virulence and sRNA Generation in Penicillium italicum, the Cause of Citrus Blue Mold. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020363. [PMID: 32033176 PMCID: PMC7072147 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dicer protein is one of the most important components of RNAi machinery because it regulates the production of small RNAs (sRNAs) in eukaryotes. Here, Dicer1-like gene (Pit-DCL1) and Dicer2-like gene (Pit-DCL2) RNAi transformants were generated via pSilent-1 in Penicillium italicum (Pit), which is the causal agent of citrus blue mold. Neither transformant showed a change in mycelial growth or sporulation ability, but the pathogenicity of the Pit-DCL2 RNAi transformant to citrus fruits was severely impaired, compared to that of the Pit-DCL1 RNAi transformant and the wild type. We further developed a citrus wound-mediated RNAi approach with a double-stranded fragment of Pit-DCL2 generated in vitro, which achieved an efficiency in reducing Pi-Dcl2 expression and virulence that was similar to that of protoplast-mediated RNAi in P. italicum, suggesting that this approach is promising in the exogenous application of dsRNA to control pathogens on the surface of citrus fruits. In addition, sRNA sequencing revealed a total of 69.88 million potential sRNAs and 12 novel microRNA-like small RNAs (milRNAs), four of which have been predicated on target innate immunity or biotic stress-related genes in Valencia orange. These data suggest that both the Pit-DCL1 and Pit-DCL2 RNAi transformants severely disrupted the biogenesis of the potential milRNAs, which was further confirmed for some milRNAs by qRT-PCR or Northern blot analysis. These data suggest the sRNAs in P. italicum that may be involved in a molecular virulence mechanism termed cross-kingdom RNAi (ck-RNAi) by trafficking sRNA from P. italicum to citrus fruits.
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11
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Li B, Gao Y, Mao HY, Borkovich KA, Ouyang SQ. The SNARE protein FolVam7 mediates intracellular trafficking to regulate conidiogenesis and pathogenicity in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2696-2706. [PMID: 30848031 PMCID: PMC6850041 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are conserved in fungi, plants and animals. The Vam7 gene encodes a v‐SNARE protein that involved in vesicle trafficking in fungi. Here, we identified and characterized the function of FolVam7, a homologue of the yeast SNARE protein Vam7p in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), a fungal pathogen of tomato. FolVam7 contains SNARE and PX (Phox homology) domains that are indispensable for normal localization and function of FolVam7. Targeted gene deletion showed that FolVam7‐mediated vesicle trafficking is important for vegetative growth, asexual development, conidial morphology and plant infection. Further cytological examinations revealed that FolVam7 is localized to vesicles and vacuole membranes in the hyphae stage. Moreover, the ΔFolvam7 mutant is insensitive to salt and osmotic stresses and hypersensitive to cell wall stressors. Taken together, our results suggested that FolVam7‐mediated vesicle trafficking promotes vegetative growth, conidiogenesis and pathogenicity of Fol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ying Mao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Katherine A Borkovich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Shou-Qiang Ouyang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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12
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Application of Data-Independent Acquisition Approach to Study the Proteome Change from Early to Later Phases of Tomato Pathogenesis Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040863. [PMID: 30781546 PMCID: PMC6413104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and pathogens are entangled in a continual arms race. Plants have evolved dynamic defence and immune mechanisms to resist infection and enhance immunity for second wave attacks from the same or different types of pathogenic species. In addition to evolutionarily and physiological changes, plant-pathogen interaction is also highly dynamic at the molecular level. Recently, an emerging quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach named data-independent acquisition (DIA), has been developed for the analysis of the proteome in a high-throughput fashion. In this study, the DIA approach was applied to quantitatively trace the change in the plant proteome from the early to the later stage of pathogenesis progression. This study revealed that at the early stage of the pathogenesis response, proteins directly related to the chaperon were regulated for the defence proteins. At the later stage, not only the defence proteins but also a set of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector triggered immunity (ETI)-related proteins were highly induced. Our findings show the dynamics of the plant regulation of pathogenesis at the protein level and demonstrate the potential of using the DIA approach for tracing the dynamics of the plant proteome during pathogenesis responses.
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