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Blancato AB, Paddenberg-Schubert E, Proff P, Hueb de Menezes-Oliveira MA, Beisel-Memmert S, Baratto-Filho F, Lippold C, Kirschneck C, Calvano Küchler E, Lepri CP. Frequency and variability of nonmetric dental crown traits of primary and permanent molars in a group of orthodontic patients. J Orofac Orthop 2024:10.1007/s00056-024-00532-3. [PMID: 38842739 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-024-00532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to assess the frequency and variation of 13 nonmetric dental crown traits (NDCT) in permanent and primary molars in German orthodontic patients. METHODS Dental records from orthodontic patients were screened and evaluated. First and second permanent and primary upper and lower molars (from left and right sides) were assessed. Teeth with cavitated dental caries, occlusal wear, restorations and obvious dental deformities were not evaluated. The NDCT for permanent molars were identified and scored according to the odontoscopic system developed by Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS). The NDCT for primary molars were identified and scored according to ASUDAS, Hanihara's method and Sciulli's method. The χ2 test was used to investigate side preference and sexual dimorphism at a significance level of p ≤ 0.050. RESULTS A total of 163 orthodontic patients (82 males and 81 females) aged 8-14 years were included. A sexual dimorphism was observed for the hypocone in first upper permanent molar (p = 0.041). The protostylid was observed in lower permanent molars (range 2.1-10%). Males presented more hypoconulid than females (p = 0.019). Only females presented the distal trigonid crest in lower first permanent molars (p = 0.002). The most common groove pattern in primary molars was Y; male presented more Y grade than females in the lower second primary molar (p = 0.039). Asymmetry was observed in some traits, ranging from 0 to 100%. CONCLUSION The present study showed the frequency of NDCT of molars in German orthodontic patients and demonstrated that some traits present sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Svenja Beisel-Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University from Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Univille - University from the Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carsten Lippold
- Private Orthodontic Practice, Synagogenstr. 1, Ibbenbüren, Germany
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Cesar Penazzo Lepri
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Uberaba - UNIUBE, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Gade L, Kamble PP, Kanna ASA, Patil K, Saraf K, Singh BP. The Prevalence and Association of Non-metric Dental Traits With Dentoskeletal Malocclusion and ABO Blood Groups in the Maharashtrian Population. Cureus 2024; 16:e59853. [PMID: 38854309 PMCID: PMC11157158 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-metric dental traits (NMDTs) are a fundamental data source in forensic dentistry. Nevertheless, the insufficiency of data regarding the occurrence of these traits has instigated the present research endeavor aimed at ascertaining the prevalence, sexual dimorphism, and extent of inter-trait correlations within the Maharashtrian population of India. The secondary objective was to determine the correlations between NMDTs, dentoskeletal malocclusion, and ABO blood groups. Materials and methods This prospective, observational study included 528 individuals aged 18-30 years with dentoskeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions. NMDTs such as the presence of Cusp of Carabelli (CoC) on the upper first molars, hypocone on the upper second molars, and tri- or bicuspid lower second premolars were observed on the dental casts of all individuals. The dental relationship was assessed clinically according to Angle's system for the classification of malocclusion. The skeletal relationship was assessed using lateral cephalograms of the individuals. ABO blood groups were obtained from their medical records. The Chi-square test of independence was used to assess the associations between various variables. The correlation between each measurement was determined using Spearman's correlation test. Multivariate analysis enabled the identification of parameters that exhibited independent associations with NMDTs. A multinomial logistic regression model was constructed using NMDTs as the outcome variable. Results The mean age of males was 20.82 ± 1.71 years and 21.15 ± 1.76 years was in females. NMDTs were predominantly seen in females (n=394, 75%), with Class II dentoskeletal malocclusion (n=265, 50%) and B blood group ((n=199, 38%). All traits showed bilateral predominance. A statistically significant association was found between CoC, dentoskeletal malocclusion, hypocone, and tricuspid lower second premolars (p <0.05). All NMDTs showed a negative correlation with sex, a positive correlation between age and the presence of hypocones and CoC, a negative correlation between age and tricuspid lower second premolars, a strong positive correlation with dentoskeletal malocclusion, and a weak positive correlation with ABO blood groups. Multinomial logistic regression model analysis revealed that none of the independent variables were statistically significant predictors of the presence of CoC and tricuspid lower second premolars, while dentoskeletal malocclusion and sex were significant predictors of the presence of the hypocone trait. Conclusion NMDTs showed a female predilection with bilateral predominance. A significant association was observed between these traits and dentoskeletal malocclusions. The most commonly observed NMDT was the presence of a hypocone on the upper second molars, followed by the tricuspid lower second premolars and the CoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitkumar Gade
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sau Mathurabai Bhausaheb Thorat (SMBT) Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, IND
| | - Priyanka P Kamble
- Department of Oral Pathology, Jawahar Medical Foundation (JMF) Annasaheb Chudaman Patil Memorial (ACPM) Dental College, Dhule, IND
| | - Abdul Suban A Kanna
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, IND
| | - Kishor Patil
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sau Mathurabai Bhausaheb Thorat (SMBT) Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, IND
| | - Ketan Saraf
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sau Mathurabai Bhausaheb Thorat (SMBT) Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, IND
| | - Bhanu P Singh
- Department of Orthodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, IND
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Küchler EC, Kirschneck C, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Schroder ÂGD, Baratto-Filho F, Romano FL, Stuani MBS, Matsumoto MAN, de Araujo CM. Mandibular and dental measurements for sex determination using machine learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9587. [PMID: 38671054 PMCID: PMC11053013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study tested the combination of mandibular and dental dimensions for sex determination using machine learning. Lateral cephalograms and dental casts were used to obtain mandibular and mesio-distal permanent teeth dimensions, respectively. Univariate statistics was used for variables selection for the supervised machine learning model (alpha = 0.05). The following algorithms were trained: logistic regression, gradient boosting classifier, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, multilayer perceptron classifier, decision tree, and random forest classifier. A threefold cross-validation approach was adopted to validate each model. The areas under the curve (AUC) were computed, and ROC curves were constructed. Three mandibular-related measurements and eight dental size-related dimensions were used to train the machine learning models using data from 108 individuals. The mandibular ramus height and the lower first molar mesio-distal size exhibited the greatest predictive capability in most of the evaluated models. The accuracy of the models varied from 0.64 to 0.74 in the cross-validation stage, and from 0.58 to 0.79 when testing the data. The logistic regression model exhibited the highest performance (AUC = 0.84). Despite the limitations of this study, the results seem to show that the integration of mandibular and dental dimensions for sex prediction would be a promising approach, emphasizing the potential of machine learning techniques as valuable tools for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Ângela Graciela Deliga Schroder
- Postgraduate Program in Communication Disorders, Tuiuti University of Paraná, R. Padre Ladislau Kula 395, Curitiba, Paraná, 82010-210, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paraná, R. Padre Ladislau Kula 395, Curitiba, Paraná, 82010-210, Brazil
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paraná, R. Padre Ladislau Kula 395, Curitiba, Paraná, 82010-210, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, University of the Region of Joinville (Univille), R. Paulo Malschitzki 10, Joinville, Santa Catarina, 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Miranda de Araujo
- Postgraduate Program in Communication Disorders, Tuiuti University of Paraná, R. Padre Ladislau Kula 395, Curitiba, Paraná, 82010-210, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paraná, R. Padre Ladislau Kula 395, Curitiba, Paraná, 82010-210, Brazil
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Pentinpuro R, Lähdesmäki R, Pesonen P, Alvesalo L. Crown heights in the permanent teeth of 47,XXY males and 47,XXX females. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:218-225. [PMID: 34666610 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1989031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Earlier results based on dental casts and radiographs have shown that additional X and Y chromosomes influence permanent and deciduous tooth crown sizes, with 47,XYY males exhibiting greater crown heights than 46,XY males. We studied here the effect of both X and Y chromosomes on tooth crown heights. MATERIAL AND METHODS The series consisted of 48 47,XXY males, 22 of their male relatives, and seven 47,XXX females with five female relatives. The population controls consisted of 27 males and 33 females. Measurements of all applicable teeth except for the third molars on both sides of the jaws were made on panoramic radiographs with a sliding digital calliper. RESULTS Apart from a few teeth, the mean crown heights in the 47,XXY males were greater than those in the male population controls, the differences being statistically significant for one tooth in the maxilla and ten teeth in the mandible. With the exception of two teeth, the 47,XXX females had taller tooth crowns than the female population controls, the differences in the two teeth being statistically significant. The 47,XXY males had greater tooth crown heights than the 47,XXX females, except in one tooth, and the differences were significant in two teeth. The tooth crown heights of the male relatives of the 47,XXY males and the female relatives of the 47,XXX females were close to those in the general population. CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrated the effect of additional X and Y chromosomes in increasing crown heights. The differences between the 47,XXY males and 47,XXX females indicated a stronger effect of a Y chromosome on tooth crown height than of an X chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raija Pentinpuro
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Oral Development and Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Oulu University Hospital, MRC Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Lähdesmäki
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Oral Development and Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Oulu University Hospital, MRC Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paula Pesonen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Oulu University Hospital, MRC Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lassi Alvesalo
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Oral Development and Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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R B, P S, Muthu M, Nirmal L, Patil SS. Prevalence of the Cusp of Carabelli – A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 48:572-584. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2032339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavyaa R
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Sri Ramachandra Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - Sujitha P
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu-603203, India
| | - Murugan Muthu
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Sri Ramachandra Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - Latha Nirmal
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Sri Ramachandra Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - Sneha S Patil
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Sri Ramachandra Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
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New Approach to Dental Morphometric Research Based on 3D Imaging Techniques. J Imaging 2021; 7:jimaging7090184. [PMID: 34564110 PMCID: PMC8469472 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7090184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in imaging and image processing techniques has provided for improvements in odontological research in a variety of aspects. Thus, the presented method has been developed precisely in order to assess metrically 3D reconstructions of teeth. Rapidly and accurately obtained data of a wide range and appropriate density are sufficient enough for morphometric studies rather than tooth size assessments which are inherent to conventional techniques. The main contributions providing for holistic and objective morphometric analysis of teeth are the following: (1) interpretation of basic dental morphological features; (2) automated of orientational coordinate system setup based on tooth surface analysis; (3) new tooth morphometric parameters which could not be obtained through application of conventional odontometric techniques; (4) methodological novelty for automated odontomorphometric analysis pipeline. Application of tomographic imaging, which has been used for obtaining 3D models, expands the proposed method potential further through providing detailed and comprehensive reconstructions of teeth. The current study was conducted on unique material from the archaeological site of Sunghir related to the Upper Palaeolithic period. Metric assessments of external and internal morphological layers of teeth were performed in common orientation and sectioning. The proposed technique allowed more profound analysis of Sunghirian teeth which date back to the times of modern human morphology formation.
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Maier C, Dumančić J, Brkić H, Kaić Z, Savić Pavičin I, Poje Z, Scott GR. Tooth Crown Morphology in Turner and Klinefelter Syndrome Individuals from a Croatian Sample. Acta Stomatol Croat 2019; 53:106-118. [PMID: 31341318 PMCID: PMC6604557 DOI: 10.15644/asc53/2/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Turner syndrome (TS) and Klinefelter syndrome (KS) represent the two most common X chromosome aneuploidies, each associated with systemic disruptions to growth and development. Effects of these conditions on tooth crown morphology are explored in a sample of Croatian individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample included 57 TS, 37 KS and 88 control individuals. Dental crown morphology was scored on dental casts according to the Turner-Scott Dental Anthropology System. RESULTS Incisor shoveling and the hypocone were significantly different between TS individuals and both control and KS individuals. Individuals with TS exhibit lower grades of expression than either group. Furthermore, the number of lingual cusps on the mandibular premolars, the hypoconulid on the mandibular second molar, and cusp 7 on the mandibular first molar were significantly different, though pair-wise comparisons did not elucidate these differences. Tuberculum dentale, distal accessory ridge, and Carabelli's trait were expressed similarly to the control. KS individuals were not significantly different from control individuals for any trait, though this may be related to sample size. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies suggest the loss of an X chromosome has a reducing effect on dental crown morphology, which is confirmed in this research. TS individuals exhibit generally simpler dental morphology compared to the control sample, though some traits are expressed comparably to the control sample. The effects of KS are less clear. Though previous studies suggest that the presence of an extra X chromosome increases dental crown dimensions, there was no notable effect on crown morphology in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Maier
- Eckerd College, Department of Anthropology, 4200 54 Ave. S. St. Petersburg, FL 33711, USA
| | - Jelena Dumančić
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Department of Dental Anthropology, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Brkić
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Department of Dental Anthropology, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Kaić
- Croatian Dental Chamber, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Academy of Medical Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Savić Pavičin
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Department of Dental Anthropology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zvonko Poje
- Croatian Dental Chamber, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Academy of Medical Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - G. Richard Scott
- University of Nevada, Reno, Department of Anthropology, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NVUSA
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