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Miki A, Fuse N, Fujimoto S, Taira M, Saito T, Okazaki T, Shiraki A, Sato S, Kawasaki R, Nakamura T, Kinoshita K, Nishida K, Yamamoto M. Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Inter-Eye Differences of Refractive Errors in a Population-Based Japanese Cohort: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Eye Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024; 31:46-54. [PMID: 37095711 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2203226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence, associated factors, and inter-eye differences of myopia and astigmatism in an adult Japanese population-based cohort. METHODS A total of 4282 participants from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Eye Study (ToMMo Eye Study) underwent comprehensive ocular examinations as well as extensive physiological tests and a lifestyle questionnaire. The spherical equivalent (SE) and cylinder power were obtained as refractive parameters. The age- and gender-stratified prevalences of high myopia (SE < -5D), myopia (SE < -0.5D), hyperopia (SE > 0.5D), astigmatism (cylinder power < -0.5D), and anisometropia (SE difference >1D) were calculated. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify associated factors for refractive error (RE). Distribution and associated factors of the inter-eye difference in RE were also investigated. RESULTS The age-adjusted prevalence of high myopia, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia was 15.9%, 63.5%, 14.7%, 51.1%, and 14.7%, respectively. Both myopia and high myopia were more prevalent in the younger age group, while astigmatism was more prevalent in the older age group. Age, education, blood pressure, intraocular pressure, and corneal thickness are significantly associated with myopic refraction. Age, gender, intraocular pressure, and corneal thickness are correlated with astigmatism. Older age was associated with against-the-rule astigmatism. Older age, myopia, and longer education showed a significant correlation with large inter-eye differences in SERE. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the high prevalence of myopia in young Japanese, which may be caused by a generational shift. This study also confirmed the influence of age and education on both the prevalence and inter-eye differences of RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuya Miki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Myopia Control Resaerch, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuse
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoko Fujimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Hawaii Macula and Retina Institute, Aiea, HI, USA
| | - Makiko Taira
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomo Saito
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Okazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shiraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Information Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Kawasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Vision Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Information Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Hashemi A, Khabazkhoob M, Hashemi H. High prevalence of refractive errors in an elderly population; a public health issue. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:38. [PMID: 36707798 PMCID: PMC9881344 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia and their associated demographic and ocular factors in people 60 years of age and above. METHODS The sampling was performed using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. The complete demographic and case history information were collected through an interview. Then, all participants underwent optometric examinations including measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, objective, and subjective refraction. Myopia and hyperopia were defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) refraction worse than -0.50 diopters (D) and + 0.50 D, respectively. RESULTS Three thousand three hundred ten of 3791 invitees participated, and the data of 3263 individuals were analyzed for this report. The mean age of participants was 68.25 ± 6.53 (60 to 97) years, and 1895 (58.1%) of them were female (number of male/female participants = 1368/1895). The prevalence of myopia and hyperopia was 31.65% (95% CI: 29.68 -33.61) and 45.36% (95% CI: 43.36 -47.37), respectively. The prevalence of severe myopia and hyperopia was 1.14% (95% CI: 0.73 -1.55) and 2.27% (95% CI: 1.57 -2.97), respectively. Based on the results of multiple logistic regression, the prevalence of myopia had a statistically significant direct relationship with age (OR: 1.04; p < 0.001), history of glaucoma surgery (OR:2.75; p < 0.001), pseudophakia (OR: 2.27; p < 0.001), axial length (OR:3.05; p < 0.001), and mean keratometry (OR:1.61; p < 0.001). The education level was significantly inversely related to the myopia prevalence. Moreover, a history of glaucoma surgery (OR:0.44; p < 0.001), pseudophakia (OR = 0.15; p < 0.001), axial length (OR:35; p < 0.001) and mean keratometry (OR:0.62; p < 0.001) were significantly inversely related to the prevalence of hyperopia. 19% and 40.02% of myopic and hyperopic patients had complete visual acuity after correction of refractive error, respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of refractive errors was high in the Iranian elderly population. A large percentage of the elderly still did not have complete visual acuity after the correction of refractive errors indicating the necessity for attention to other ocular diseases in this age group. The history of cataract and glaucoma surgery could be associated with a myopic shift of refractive error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hashemi
- grid.416362.40000 0004 0456 5893Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- grid.411600.2Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- grid.416362.40000 0004 0456 5893Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Rabiu MM, Taryam MO, AlBanna S, Albastaki B, Khan H, Alnakhi WK, Hussain HY, Rao P, Sinjab MM, Sharbek LT, Singh G, Pai S, Shang X, He M. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Refractive Errors and Effective Spectacle Coverage in Emiratis and Non-Emiratis Aged 40 Years or Older: the Dubai Eye Health Survey. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2023; 12:29-37. [PMID: 36706332 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of refractive errors (REs) and the effective spectacle coverage in Emiratis and non-Emiratis in Dubai. DESIGN The Dubai Eye Health Survey was a population-based cross-sectional study of participants aged 40 years or older. METHODS Distance and near visual acuity (VA), and noncycloplegic automated refraction were tested according to a standardized protocol. Distance VA was tested using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) logMAR chart at 3 m and near VA was measured using the near vision logMAR chart at 40 cm under ambient lighting. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent of refraction of less than -0.50 diopters (D), and hypermetropia as spherical equivalent of more than +0.50 D. Astigmatism was defined as cylinder power of 0.5 D or greater. Effective spectacle coverage for distance vision was computed as met need/(met need+unmet need+under-met need)×100%. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and RE. RESULTS The authors included 892 participants (446 Emiratis and 446 non-Emiratis) in the analysis. The prevalence of hypermetropia was 20.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 16.8%-24.4%] in Emiratis and 20.6% (95% CI: 20.0%-24.7%) in non-Emiratis. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 27.4% (95% CI: 23.3%-31.7%) and 1.8% (95% CI: 0.8%-3.5%) in Emiratis, and 19.5% (95% CI: 15.9%-23.5%) and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2%-2.3%) in non-Emiratis, respectively. High education (P=0.02) and not currently working (P=0.002) were risk factors of myopia in non-Emiratis only. The prevalence of astigmatism was 7.4% (95% CI: 5.1%-10.2%) in Emiratis and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.6%-3.2%) in non-Emiratis. This prevalence was higher in individuals aged over 60 years (P<0.001) and men (P=0.014) among Emiratis. The prevalence of anisometropia and uncorrected presbyopia was 11.4% (95% CI: 8.6%-14.8%) and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.1%-2.0%) in Emiratis, and 9.2% (95% CI: 6.7%-12.3%) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.05%-1.6%) in non-Emiratis, respectively. The effective spectacle coverage was 62.3% (95% CI: 54.0%-70.6%) and 69% (95% CI: 60.5%-77.5%) in Emiratis and non-Emiratis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of Emiratis and non-Emiratis was affected by RE without optimal effective spectacle coverage, highlighting the imperativeness of intervention to alleviate the burden. The findings may help facilitate evidence-based policymaking concerning the delivery of eye care services and allocation of medical resources in Dubai.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manal O Taryam
- Noor Dubai Foundation, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shurooq AlBanna
- Noor Dubai Foundation, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Hayat Khan
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafa K Alnakhi
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Prasan Rao
- Medcare Hospital and clinics, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mazen M Sinjab
- Medcare Hospital and clinics, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lama T Sharbek
- Medcare Hospital and clinics, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Xianwen Shang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mingguang He
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Hashemi H, Asharlous A, Yekta A, Aghamirsalim M, Nabovati P, Sadoughi MM, Khabazkhoob M. Astigmatism profile in the elderly population: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2022; 66:461-473. [PMID: 35947225 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-022-00936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of astigmatism and its associated factors and examine astigmatism symmetry patterns in an elderly population. STUDY DESIGN Population based cross-sectional study. METHODS The present population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on an elderly population above 60 years of age in Tehran, Iran in 2019. The sampling was done using the stratified multistage random cluster sampling method. All study participants underwent a complete optometric examination and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. RESULTS The prevalence of astigmatism higher than -0.50, -1.00, and -2.00 D was 83% (95% CI: 81 -84), 52 % (95% CI: 50 -54), and 19% (95% CI: 17-20), respectively. These prevalence was 79%(95% CI: 77-81), 46(95% CI: 44-49) and 14(95% CI: 13-16) in subjects without a history of ocular surgery, respectively. Based on cylinder power worse than -1.00 D, 10% (95% CI: 9-12), 20% (95% CI: 18-22), and 21% (95% CI:19-23) of study participants had with the rule, against the rule, and oblique astigmatism, respectively. According to the results of the multiple regression model, male gender, older age, low education level, pure posterior subcapsular cataract, pseudophakia, and myopia were independent factors associated with astigmatism. The prevalence of anisorule astigmatism was 57 % (95% CI: 56-59), the most common anisorule astigmatism was against the rule-oblique type with a prevalence of 36% (95% CI: 34-38). CONCLUSION The prevalence of astigmatism was high in the elderly population of Tehran. More than half of the participants in this study had anisorule astigmatism, and against the rule-oblique combination was more prevalent than other types. A posterior subcapsular cataract, a history of cataract surgery, and myopia were the associated factors of astigmatism in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Asharlous
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Yekta
- Department of Optometry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Payam Nabovati
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Sadoughi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shahid Labbafinezhad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gu L, Wang Y, Feng L, Li S, Zhang M, Ye Q, Zhuang Y, Lu ZL, Li J, Yuan J. Meridian-Specific and Post-Optical Deficits of Spatial Vision in Human Astigmatism: Evidences From Psycho-Physical and EEG Scalings. Front Psychol 2021; 12:595536. [PMID: 33815196 PMCID: PMC8010696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.595536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that orientation-specific deprivation in early life can lead to neural deficits of spatial vision in certain space, and can even result in meridional amblyopia (MA). Individuals with astigmatism are the optimal and natural models for exploring this asymmetric development of spatial vision in the human visual system. This study aims to assess the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and EEG signals along two principal meridians in participants with regular astigmatism when being optimal optical corrected. Twelve participants with astigmatism (AST group, 20 eyes) and thirteen participants with (MA group, 19 eyes) were recruited in the current study. CSFs and spatial sweep visual evoked potentials (sVEP) were measured with vertical and horizontal sinewave gratings along two principal meridians monocularly. Area under log CSF (AULCSF), spatial frequency threshold corresponding to 80% contrast gratings (SF threshold at 80% ctr), and CSF acuity were calculated from CSF test. In addition, sVEP amplitudes and thresholds were calculated with the recursive least square method. Participants with astigmatism exhibited marked vertical-horizontal resolution disparities even after they were corrected with optimal optical corrections. CSF tests showed that AULCSF along weak meridian (measured with horizontal gratings) was lower than that along strong meridian (measured with vertical gratings) in both groups. Significant meridional disparity of CSF acuity was also found in both groups. In addition, the MA group showed larger meridional disparity compared to the AST group. Spatial sVEP thresholds also supported the existence of marked meridional disparity. Our results suggest that meridian-specific partial deprivation in early life might lead to monocularly asymmetric development of spatial vision in the human visual system. In terms of application, we tested the feasibility and reliability of adopting psychophysical and EEG scalings to investigate the asymmetric development of spatial vision related to astigmatism. These paradigms are potentially applicable to reduce and even eliminate the meridional disparity in the primary visual cortex by adopting perceptual learning or other vision-related interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saiqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Division of Arts and Sciences, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Center for Neural Science, Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,NYU-ECNU Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Recent Epidemiology Study Data of Myopia. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:4395278. [PMID: 33489329 PMCID: PMC7803099 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4395278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia, a pandemic refractive error, is affecting more and more people. The progression of myopia could cause numerously serious complications, even leading to blindness. This review summarizes the epidemiological studies on myopia after 2018 and analyzes the risk factors associated with myopia. The prevalence of myopia varies in different regions, age, and observation time. East Asia has been gripped by an unprecedented rise in myopia, and other parts of the world have also seen an increase. The prevalence of myopia in children continues to rise and aggravates with age. The prevalence of high myopia has also increased along with myopia. Racial dependence and family aggregation can be seen frequently in myopia patients. Increased outdoor activities are proven to be protective factors for myopia, as near-distance work and higher education levels affect in the opposite. The impact of gender or urbanization on myopia is controversial. The relationship between nutrition, digital screens, Kawasaki disease, pregnant women smoking during pregnancy, and myopia is still not clear for lack of sufficient evidence. Understanding the various factors that affect myopia helps to clarify the mechanism of myopia formation and also to formulate reasonable prevention and control measures of myopia to protect people's health, especially for adolescents.
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Omoto MK, Torii H, Hayashi K, Ayaki M, Tsubota K, Negishi K. Ratio of Axial Length to Corneal Radius in Japanese Patients and Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Based on Biometric Data. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 218:320-329. [PMID: 32209342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the features of the axial length-to-corneal radius (AL/CR) ratio in Japanese patients with cataracts and to determine the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas according to the AL/CR features and the axial length (AL). DESIGN Retrospective observational case series. METHODS Setting was a clinical practice. Patient population was a total of 1,135 eyes (1,135 patients) with cataracts. Observation procedures included measurement of the AL and corenal radius (CR) by optical biometry and evaluation of the refractive outcomes by using the SRK/T, Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, Haigis, and Barrett Universal II formulas. Main outcome measurements were the features of the AL/CR ratio and the accuracy of IOL power calculations based on the AL/CR ratio and the AL. RESULTS The mean AL/CR ratio was 3.15 ± 0.19. Significant weak negative correlations were observed between the spherical equivalent (SE) and AL (r = -0.7489; P < .001) and between the SE and AL/CR ratio (r = -0.8069; P < .001); no correlation was found between the SE and CR (r = 0.0208, P = .483). For medium ALs and high AL/CR ratios, the SRK/T formula performed less accurately. For long ALs and high AL/CR ratios, the Holladay 1 and Hoffer Q formulas performed less accurately. The Barrett Universal II formula performed well across a range of ALs and AL/CR ratios. CONCLUSIONS The AL/CR ratio explained the total variation in the SE better than the AL alone. Surgeons should pay attention to the selection of IOL power calculation formulas in eyes with high AL/CR ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidemasa Torii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Hayashi Eye Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ayaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Otake Clinic Moon View Eye Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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