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Katmah R, Shehhi AA, Jelinek HF, Hulleck AA, Khalaf K. A Systematic Review of Gait Analysis in the Context of Multimodal Sensing Fusion and AI. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2023; 31:4189-4202. [PMID: 37847624 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2023.3325215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological diseases are a leading cause of disability and mortality. Gait, or human walking, is a significant predictor of quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. Gait patterns and other kinematic, kinetic, and balance gait features are accurate and powerful diagnostic and prognostic tools. OBJECTIVE This review article focuses on the applicability of gait analysis using fusion techniques and artificial intelligence (AI) models. The aim is to examine the significance of mixing several types of wearable and non-wearable sensor data and the impact of this combination on the performance of AI models. METHOD In this systematic review, 66 studies using more than two modalities to record and analyze gait were identified. 40 studies incorporated multiple gait analysis modalities without the use of artificial intelligence to extract gait features such as kinematic, kinetic, margin of stability, temporal, and spatial gait parameters, as well as cerebral activity. Similarly, 26 studies analyzed gait data using multimodal fusion sensors and AI algorithms. RESULTS The research summarized here demonstrates that the quality of gait analysis and the effectiveness of AI models can both benefit from the integration of data from many sensors. Meanwhile, the utilization of EMG signals in fusion data is especially advantageous. CONCLUSION The findings of this review suggest that a smart, portable, wearable-based gait and balance assessment system can be developed using multimodal sensing of the most cutting-edge, clinically relevant tools and technology available. The information presented in this article may serve as a vital springboard for such development.
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Russo L, Belli G, Di Blasio A, Lupu E, Larion A, Fischetti F, Montagnani E, Di Biase Arrivabene P, De Angelis M. The Impact of Nordic Walking Pole Length on Gait Kinematic Parameters. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:jfmk8020050. [PMID: 37218846 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nordic walking (NW) is a popular physical activity used to manage chronic diseases and maintain overall health and fitness status. This study aimed to compare NW to ordinary walking (W) with regard to pole length and to identify kinematic differences associated with different poles' length (55%, 65% and 75% of the subject's height, respectively). Twelve male volunteers (21.1 ± 0.7 years; 1.74 ± 0.05 m; 68.9 ± 6.1 kg) were tested in four conditions (W, NW55, NW65 and NW75) at three different speeds (4-5-6 km∗h-1). Each subject performed a total of twelve tests in a random order. Three-dimensional kinematics of upper and lower body were measured for both W and NW, while oxygen consumption levels (VO2) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured only for NW trials with different poles' length. NW showed a higher step length, lower elbow motion and higher trunk motion (p < 0.05) compared to W. Additionally, NW65 did not show any kinematic or RPE differences compared to NW55 and NW75. Only NW75 showed a higher elbow joint (p < 0.05) and lower pole (p < 0.05) range of motion compared to NW55 and a higher VO2 (p < 0.05) compared to NW55 and NW65 at 6 km∗h-1. In conclusion, the use of the poles affects the motion of the upper and lower body during gait. Poles with shorter or longer length do not produce particular changes in NW kinematics. However, increasing the length of the pole can be a smart variation in NW to increase exercise metabolic demand without significantly affecting the kinematics and the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Russo
- Department of Human Sciences, Università Telematica degli Studi IUL, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Belli
- Department of Sciences for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Lupu
- Department of Motor Activities, Petroleum Gas University Ploiesti, 100600 Ploiesti, Romania
| | - Alin Larion
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900029 Constanta, Romania
| | - Francesco Fischetti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Montagnani
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK
| | | | - Marco De Angelis
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Kettinen J, Tikkanen H, Venojärvi M. Comparative effectiveness of playing golf to Nordic walking and walking on acute physiological effects on cardiometabolic markers in healthy older adults: a randomised cross-over study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001474. [PMID: 36816424 PMCID: PMC9930551 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The acute effects of aerobic exercise on cardiometabolic markers are well documented in younger healthy individuals, but the same effects in older adults have not been elucidated. As such, this study compares the acute effects of three different types of age-appropriate aerobic exercises on cardiometabolic markers. Methods Healthy older golfers (n=25, 16 male and 9 female, 68±4 years) were enrolled in a randomised cross-over experiment. We compared the effects of three different acute aerobic exercises (18-hole golf, 6 km Nordic walk, 6 km walk) on blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid profile in a real-life environment. Results In the between-group comparison, playing golf resulted in a difference in blood glucose (golf: 0.01±1.0 mmol/L, walk: 1.3±0.9 mmol/L, p<0.001) compared with walking and triglycerides (golf: 0.13±0.2 mmol/L, Nordic walk: 0.31±0.2 mmol/L, walk: 0.23±0.2 mmol, p=0.012) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (golf: 0.04±0.06 mmol/L, Nordic walk: -0.02±0.06 mmol/L, walk: -0.02±0.07 mmol/L, p=0.002) compared with Nordic walking and walking. In addition, all groups had significant decreases (p<0.001) in systolic blood pressure, and Nordic walking and walking also demonstrated a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05). Conclusion Acute bouts of aerobic exercise improved cardiovascular profile in healthy older adults. Despite the lower exercise intensity of golf, the longer duration and higher energy expenditure appeared to have a more positive effect on lipid profile and glucose metabolism compared with Nordic walking and walking. Trial registration number ISRCTN10007294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kettinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Tikkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Venojärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Di Bacco VE, Kiriella JB, Gage WH. The Influence of the Relative Timing between Pole and Heel Strike on Lower Limb Loading among Young and Older Naïve Pole Walkers. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3938075. [PMID: 38655163 PMCID: PMC11022778 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3938075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Current research is unclear with respect to whether pole walking (PW) reduces lower limb loading when compared to regular walking (RW). Contradictory findings in the literature may be related to the relative timing between pole and foot contact events, which were examined in the current study among naïve pole walkers. Fourteen young (4 F; 25.3 ± 5.4 years) and 8 older adults (4 F; 68.5 ± 3.2 years) performed PW and RW trials along a force plate embedded walkway at two different visits. The time difference between pole and foot contact during both the onset of ground contact and the peak force application was calculated. Several kinetic measures were calculated for the lower limbs and poles. A significant decrease during PW, compared to RW, was found for foot impulse (2.1%; p < 0.01), peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) (3.4%; p < 0.01), rate of loading (5.2%; p=0.02), and peak push-off vGRF (2.1%; p=0.01). No difference in pole loading was found between age groups and visits. No significant correlations were found between the relative timing and foot loading measures. Significant low-to-moderate negative correlations were found between peak foot and pole vGRFs (p=0.04), peak foot vGRF and pole strike impulse (p=0.01), peak foot vGRF and pole impulse (p=0.02), and peak foot push-off vGRF and pole impulse (p=0.01), suggesting that as pole loading increased, foot loading decreased. Findings suggest timing between pole and heel contact may not be related to unloading the lower limbs but may be related to other aspects of pole use since PW reduced lower limb loading.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeevaka B. Kiriella
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William H. Gage
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Passos-Monteiro E, B. Schuch F, T. Franzoni L, R. Carvalho A, A. Gomeñuka N, Becker M, Rieder CRM, Andrade A, G. Martinez F, S. Pagnussat A, A. Peyré-Tartaruga L. Nordic Walking and Free Walking Improve the Quality of Life, Cognitive Function, and Depressive Symptoms in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5040082. [PMID: 33467297 PMCID: PMC7739412 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nordic walking's (NW) degree of effectiveness regarding health-related parameters in people with Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a subject of debate. While NW seems to improve functionality, a clear non-motor benefit has not been demonstrated. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the effects of 9-week NW and free walking (FW) training programs on quality of life, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms in individuals with PD. Thirty-three people with PD, (Hoehn and Yahr 1-4) were randomized into two groups: NW (n = 16) and FW (n = 17). We analyzed quality of life, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and motor symptoms. Significant improvements were found in the overall, physical, psychological, social participation, and intimacy domains of quality of life, as well as in cognitive function and depressive symptoms for both groups. Only the NW group showed improvement in the autonomy domain. Individuals with PD had a similar enhancement of non-motor symptoms after walking training, with or without poles. However, the NW group showed a more significant improvement in the autonomy domain, strengthening the applied and clinical potential of NW in people with PD. Future studies are needed to determine the efficacy of walking training without poles in subjects with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elren Passos-Monteiro
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil; (E.P.-M.); (A.R.C.); (N.A.G.); (M.B.); (F.G.M.); (L.A.P.-T.)
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil;
- Human Movement Sciences Graduate Program, School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Felipe B. Schuch
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil; (E.P.-M.); (A.R.C.); (N.A.G.); (M.B.); (F.G.M.); (L.A.P.-T.)
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RN, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-55-32207788
| | - Leandro T. Franzoni
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Division of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil;
| | - Alberito R. Carvalho
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil; (E.P.-M.); (A.R.C.); (N.A.G.); (M.B.); (F.G.M.); (L.A.P.-T.)
- Physical Therapy College, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel 85819-170, PA, Brazil
| | - Natalia A. Gomeñuka
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil; (E.P.-M.); (A.R.C.); (N.A.G.); (M.B.); (F.G.M.); (L.A.P.-T.)
- Departamento de Investigación de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de las Misiones, Posadas (UCAMI), Misiones N3300, Argentina
| | - Marindia Becker
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil; (E.P.-M.); (A.R.C.); (N.A.G.); (M.B.); (F.G.M.); (L.A.P.-T.)
| | - Carlos R. M. Rieder
- Movement Disorders Clinics, Division of Neurology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil;
| | - Alexandro Andrade
- Laboratory of Psychology of Sport and Exercise, Department of Physical Education, Center of Health Sciences and Sports, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis 89223-100, SC, Brazil;
| | - Flávia G. Martinez
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil; (E.P.-M.); (A.R.C.); (N.A.G.); (M.B.); (F.G.M.); (L.A.P.-T.)
| | - Aline S. Pagnussat
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil;
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Movement Analysis and Neurological Rehabilitation Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFSCPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil; (E.P.-M.); (A.R.C.); (N.A.G.); (M.B.); (F.G.M.); (L.A.P.-T.)
- Human Movement Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil
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Cebula A, Tyka AK, Tyka A, Pałka T, Pilch W, Luty L, Mucha D. Physiological response and cardiorespiratory adaptation after a 6-week Nordic Walking training targeted at lipid oxidation in a group of post-menopausal women. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230917. [PMID: 32236147 PMCID: PMC7112189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a 6-week Nordic Walking (NW) training, at the intensity corresponding to the dominance of lipid metabolism, on the levels of selected physiological indices, the haemodynamic indices of the cardiovascular system and physical fitness in sedentary women older than 55 years of age. In addition, the physiological response of the female body to the walking effort on treadmill with poles (NW) and without poles (W) was compared and the influence of training on this response was determined. A single group study with a pre-test/post-test study design was conducted. Eighteen women performed NW controlled intensity training 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Body composition, resting blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) as well as circulatory and respiratory indices in two graded walking efforts on mechanical treadmill NW and W were measured before and after training period. The intensity of workouts, which considered the dominance of lipid metabolism, was determined individually, based on the dynamics of changes in the level of physiological indices during the graded intensity NW. After the course of training, body mass, fat mass, resting BP and HR decreased significantly (p < 0.05). HR and respiratory exchange ratio recorded during NW and W at 1.75 m.s-1 walking speed decreased, while the oxygen pulse increased (p < 0.05). VO2max increased significantly (p < 0.05). Before and after the training period HR, oxygen uptake per minute, and energy expenditure during NW were significantly higher than in W (p < 0.05). The study showed that 6-week NW training at the intensity corresponding to the dominance of lipid metabolism can provide improvement in body composition, cardiovascular function and physical performance in previously sedentary women. NW compared to the regular walk with the same speed revealed higher energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Cebula
- Department of Biological Regeneration and Posture Correction, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Katarzyna Tyka
- Department of Recreation and Biological Regeneration, Faculty of Tourism and Leisure, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksander Tyka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pałka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wanda Pilch
- Department of Biochemistry and Basic of Cosmetology, Faculty of Cosmetology, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lidia Luty
- Department of Statistics and Econometrics, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Mucha
- Department of Biological Regeneration and Posture Correction, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
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Gomeñuka NA, Oliveira HB, da Silva ES, Passos-Monteiro E, da Rosa RG, Carvalho AR, Costa RR, Rodríguez Paz MC, Pellegrini B, Peyré-Tartaruga LA. Nordic walking training in elderly, a randomized clinical trial. Part II: Biomechanical and metabolic adaptations. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2020; 6:3. [PMID: 31932999 PMCID: PMC6957599 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-019-0228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Nordic walking is an attractive method of endurance training. Nevertheless, the biomechanic response due to the additional contribution of using poles in relation to free walking training has been less explored in the elderly. Purpose: This randomized parallel controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of 8 weeks of Nordic walking and free walking training on the walking economy, mechanical work, metabolically optimal speed, and electromyographic activation in elderly. Methods Thirty-three sedentary elderly were randomized into Nordic walking (n = 16) and free walking group (n = 17) with equalized loads. Submaximal walking tests were performed from 1 to 5 km h−1 on the treadmill. Results Walking economy was improved in both free and Nordic walking groups (x2 4.91, p = 0.014) and the metabolically optimal speed was increased by approximately 0.5 km h−1 changing the speed-cost profile. The electromyographic activation in lower and upper limbs, pendular recovery, and total, external, and internal mechanical work remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Interestingly, the internal mechanical work associated with arm movement was higher in the Nordic walking group than in the free walking group after training, while the co-contraction from upper limb muscles was reduced similarly to both groups. Conclusions Eight weeks of Nordic walking training effectively improved the walking economy and functionality as well as maintained the gait mechanics, similar to free walking training in elderly people. This enhancement in the metabolic economy may have been mediated by a reduction in the co-contraction from upper limb muscles. Trial registration ClinicalTrails.gov NCT03096964
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Andrea Gomeñuka
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, 90690-200, Brazil.,Departamento de Investigación de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, (UCAMI) Universidad Católica de las Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Henrique Bianchi Oliveira
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Edson Soares da Silva
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Elren Passos-Monteiro
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, 90690-200, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gomes da Rosa
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Alberito Rodrigo Carvalho
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, 90690-200, Brazil.,Physical Therapy College, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Rochelle Rocha Costa
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, 90690-200, Brazil
| | | | - Barbara Pellegrini
- CeRiSM (Research Centre of Mountain Sport and Health), University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
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