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Khacha-ananda S, Intayoung U, Wunnapuk K, Kohsuwan K, Srisai P, Sapbamrer R. Urinary Levels of Sirtuin-1, π-Glutathione S-Transferase, and Mitochondrial DNA in Maize Farmer Occupationally Exposed to Herbicide. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050252. [PMID: 35622665 PMCID: PMC9145378 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between agrochemical exposure and risk of renal injury. Farmers face great risks to developing adverse effects. The most appropriate biomarker related to renal injury needs to be developed to encounter earlier detection. We aim to study the association between early renal biomarker and occupational herbicide exposure in maize farmers, Thailand. Sixty-four farmers were recruited and interviewed concerning demographic data, herbicide usage, and protective behavior. Two spot urines before (pre-work task) and after (post-work task) herbicide spraying were collected. To estimate the intensity of exposure, the cumulative herbicide exposure intensity index (cumulative EII) was also calculated from activities on the farm, type of personal protective equipment (PPE) use, as well as duration and frequency of exposure. Four candidate renal biomarkers including π-GST, sirtuin-1, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were measured. Most subjects were male and mostly sprayed three herbicides including glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), paraquat, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). A type of activity in farm was mixing and spraying herbicide. Our finding demonstrated no statistical significance of all biomarker levels between pre- and post-work task urine. To compare between single and cocktail use of herbicide, there was no statistical difference in all biomarker levels between pre- and post-work task urine. However, the urinary mtDNA seems to be increased in post-work task urine. Moreover, the cumulative EII was strongly associated with change in mtDNA content in both ND-1 and COX-3 gene. The possibility of urinary mtDNA as a valuable biomarker was promising as a noninvasive benchmark for early detection of the risk of developing renal injury from herbicide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supakit Khacha-ananda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawarorot Road, Sri Phum, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (U.I.); (K.W.); (K.K.)
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 239, Huay Kaew Road, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Unchisa Intayoung
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawarorot Road, Sri Phum, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (U.I.); (K.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Klintean Wunnapuk
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawarorot Road, Sri Phum, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (U.I.); (K.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Kanyapak Kohsuwan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawarorot Road, Sri Phum, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (U.I.); (K.W.); (K.K.)
| | | | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Simoes M, Huss A, Janssen N, Vermeulen R. Self-reported psychological distress and self-perceived health in residents living near pesticide-treated agricultural land: a cross-sectional study in The Netherlands. Occup Environ Med 2021; 79:127-133. [PMID: 34625506 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is rising concern regarding possible health effects from exposure to pesticides in residents living near agricultural land. Some studies indicated increased risks of reporting symptoms of anxiety and depression among agricultural workers but less is known about the mental and perceived health of rural residents. We aimed to study possible associations between self-reported psychological distress (SPD) and self-perceived health (SPH) in residents near pesticide-treated agricultural land. METHODS Using the Public Health Monitor national survey from 2012, we selected 216 932 participants who lived in rural and semi-urban areas of the Netherlands and changed addresses at most once in the period 2009-2012. Psychological distress (PD) was assessed via the Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K10) and participants were asked to assess their own health. We estimated the area of specific crop groups cultivated within buffers of 50 m, 100 m, 250 m and 500 m around each individual's residence for the period 2009-2012. Association between these exposure proxies and the outcomes was investigated using logistic regression, adjusting for individual, lifestyle and area-level confounders. RESULTS Overall, results showed statistically non-significant OR across all buffer sizes for both SPD and SPH, except for the association between SPH and 'all crops' (total area of all considered crop groups) with OR (95% CI) ranging from 0.77 (0.63 to 0.93) in 50 m to 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) in 500 m. We observed that most ORs were below unity for SPH. CONCLUSIONS This study provides no evidence that residential proximity to pesticide treated-crops is associated with PD or poorer perceived health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Simoes
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Janssen
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Aprea MC, Centi L, Meniconi M, Lunghini L, Banchi B, Sartorelli P. Determinants of Skin and Respiratory Exposure to Lufenuron During Spraying and Re-entry in Italian Ornamental Plants Greenhouses. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:554-565. [PMID: 33837378 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate dermal and respiratory exposure of workers to Lufenuron during spraying and re-entry on ornamental plants (stapling) in greenhouses. Potential and real skin exposure were evaluated using filter paper pads, hand contamination by washing, and respiratory exposure by personal air sampling. Dislodgeable foliar residues (DFRs) during re-entry were determined in order to calculate the dermal transfer factor (DTF). Lufenuron was analysed by liquid chromatography-mass detection. Respiratory dose (ReD) was calculated on the basis of a lung ventilation of 15-20 l min-1 and absorbed doses assuming a skin penetration of 13% and a respiratory retention of 100%. During stapling, from the dependence of exposure of hands from DFRs, the mean DTF was 0.575 cm2 h-1 (geometric mean). The ReD was 68.7-74.6 and 0.022-0.636% of the total real dose during spraying and stapling, respectively. The absorbed doses, 0.144-0.171 and 0.005-0.124 µg kg bw-1 during spraying and stapling, respectively, were less than the acceptable operator exposure level of 10 µg kg bw-1. Proper use of equipment and personal protective equipment and personal hygiene are aspects of fundamental importance on which workers must be trained. Adequate occupational hygiene studies are needed to support and verify working practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Aprea
- Department of Prevention, Unit of Occupational Hygiene and Toxicology, Public Health Laboratory, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Strada del Ruffolo, 4, Siena, Italy
| | - Letizia Centi
- Department of Prevention, Unit of Hygiene and Health in the Work Place, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Via Serdini, 46, 53041 Abbadia San Salvatore, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Meniconi
- Department of Technical Health Professions, Rehabilitation and Prevention, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Via Serdini, 46, 53041 Abbadia San Salvatore, Siena, Italy
| | - Liana Lunghini
- Department of Prevention, Unit of Occupational Hygiene and Toxicology, Public Health Laboratory, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Strada del Ruffolo, 4, Siena, Italy
| | - Bruno Banchi
- Department of Prevention, Unit of Occupational Hygiene and Toxicology, Public Health Laboratory, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Strada del Ruffolo, 4, Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Sartorelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Unit of Occupational Medicine AOU Senese, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Liem JF, Mansyur M, Soemarko DS, Kekalih A, Subekti I, Suyatna FD, Suryandari DA, Malik SG, Pangaribuan B. Cumulative exposure characteristics of vegetable farmers exposed to Chlorpyrifos in Central Java - Indonesia; a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1066. [PMID: 34090393 PMCID: PMC8178818 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Agriculture is a major economic sector in Indonesia. Chemical pesticides are widely being used in agriculture for controlling pest. There is a growing concern that pesticide exposure, particularly chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposure, combined with other occupational characteristics that determine the level of exposure, can lead to further health impacts for farmers. Our objective was to evaluate the cumulative exposure characteristics among farmers exposed to CPF by using a validated algorithm. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 152 vegetable farmers aged 18–65 who actively used CPF for at least 1 year in Central Java, Indonesia. Subject characteristics were obtained using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, addressed for sociodemographic and work-related characteristics. The cumulative exposure level (CEL) was estimated as a function of the intensity level of pesticide exposure (IL), lifetime years of pesticide use and the number of days spraying per year. CEL was subsequently classified into two groups, high and low exposure groups. The difference in characteristics of the study population was measured using Chi-square, independent-t or Mann-Whitney test. Association between CEL and its characteristics variables were performed by multiple linear regression. Results Seventy-one subjects (46.7%) were classified as the high exposure group. The use of multiple pesticide mixtures was common among our study population, with 94% of them using 2 or more pesticides. 73% reported direct contact with concentrated pesticides product, and over 80% reported being splashed or spilt during preparation or spraying activity. However, we found that the proportion of proper personal protective equipment (PPE) use in our subjects was low. Higher volume of mixture applied (p < 0.001) and broader acres of land (p = 0.001) were associated with higher cumulative exposure level, while using long-sleeved clothes and long pants (p < 0.05) during pesticide spraying were associated with lower cumulative exposure after adjusted for age and gender. Conclusions These findings indicate an inadequate knowledge of using pesticides properly. Thus, we recommend comprehensive training on pesticide usage and encourage proper PPE to reduce the exposure level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen Fuk Liem
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia. .,Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, Jakarta, 11510, Indonesia.
| | - Muchtaruddin Mansyur
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10320, Indonesia
| | - Dewi S Soemarko
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10320, Indonesia
| | - Aria Kekalih
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10320, Indonesia
| | - Imam Subekti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Franciscus D Suyatna
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Dwi A Suryandari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Safarina G Malik
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Diponegoro No. 69, Kota Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bertha Pangaribuan
- Prodia Occupational Health Institute International, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Park S, Choi JR, Kim SK, Lee S, Lee K, Kim JY, Oh SS, Koh SB. Increased risk of atherosclerosis associated with pesticide exposure in rural areas in Korea. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232531. [PMID: 32357160 PMCID: PMC7194402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammation in systemic vessels, and pesticide exposure has been emerging as its risk factor. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between pesticide exposure and the risk of atherosclerosis in a rural population in Korea using carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). This study used dataset from the baseline survey of the Korea Farmers Cohort Study between November 2005 and January 2008, and the final analysis included 477 participants. Well-structured questionnaires were used to estimate pesticide exposure. CIMT ≥ 0.9 mm was established for carotid atherosclerosis. Multiple logistic regression analyses were undertaken to evaluate the association between pesticide exposure and atherosclerosis, adjusting demographic and health-related confounders. Even after adjustments, the increased risk of atherosclerosis was significantly associated with pesticide exposure, such as a lifetime history of farming (odds ratio [OR] 3.25 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51–6.98), a history of using pesticide (OR 3.42 95% CI 1.63–7.16), using pesticide 10 times or more annually (OR 2.55 95% CI 1.21–5.39), and higher cumulative exposure index level (OR 3.63 95% CI 1.65–7.97). Further prospective studies are required to elucidate effects of pesticide exposure on the risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Cheonan Medical Center, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jung Ran Choi
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyung Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Solam Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyungsuk Lee
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jang-Young Kim
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Center for Global Health and Social Medicine, Institute of Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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