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Clark A, Kosik G, Desrosiers A, Tjarks BJ, Junkins-Hopkins JM. Localized argyria with pseudo-ochronosis: A report of two cases highlighting involvement of elastic fibers. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:815-818. [PMID: 37316955 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigale Clark
- Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Grace Kosik
- Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Desrosiers
- Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - B Joel Tjarks
- Physicians Laboratory, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- University of South Dakota - Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Junkins-Hopkins
- Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gravel-Miguel C, Cristiani E, Hodgkins J, Orr CM, Strait DS, Peresani M, Benazzi S, Pothier-Bouchard G, Keller HM, Meyer D, Drohobytsky D, Talamo S, Panetta D, Zupancich A, Miller CE, Negrino F, Riel-Salvatore J. The Ornaments of the Arma Veirana Early Mesolithic Infant Burial. JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHOD AND THEORY 2022; 30:757-804. [PMID: 37600347 PMCID: PMC10432373 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-022-09573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Personal ornaments are widely viewed as indicators of social identity and personhood. Ornaments are ubiquitous from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene, but they are most often found as isolated objects within archaeological assemblages without direct evidence on how they were displayed. This article presents a detailed record of the ornaments found in direct association with an Early Mesolithic buried female infant discovered in 2017 at the site of Arma Veirana (Liguria, Italy). It uses microscopic, 3D, and positional analyses of the ornaments as well as a preliminary perforation experiment to document how they were perforated, used, and what led to their deposit as part of the infant's grave goods. This study provides important information on the use of beads in the Early Mesolithic, in general, as well as the relationship between beads and young subadults, in particular. The results of the study suggest that the beads were worn by members of the infant's community for a considerable period before they were sewn onto a sling, possibly used to keep the infant close to the parents while allowing their mobility, as seen in some modern forager groups. The baby was then likely buried in this sling to avoid reusing the beads that had failed to protect her or simply to create a lasting connection between the deceased infant and her community. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10816-022-09573-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Gravel-Miguel
- Département d’anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - E. Cristiani
- DANTE – Diet and ANcient TEchnology Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - J. Hodgkins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO USA
| | - C. M. Orr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - D. S. Strait
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
- Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M. Peresani
- Prehistory and Antropology Science Unit, Department of Humanities, University of Ferrara, Sezione Di Scienze Preistoriche E Antropologiche, Ferrara, Italy
- Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (IGAG), National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G. Pothier-Bouchard
- Département d’anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
- Département des sciences historiques, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - H. M. Keller
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - D. Meyer
- Cultural Heritage Engineering Initiative (CHEI), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - D. Drohobytsky
- Cultural Heritage Engineering Initiative (CHEI), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - S. Talamo
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D. Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology - CNR-IFC, Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Zupancich
- DANTE – Diet and ANcient TEchnology Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Archaeology of Social Dynamics, Institución Milá Y Fontanals, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. E. Miller
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - F. Negrino
- Department of Antiquities, Philosophy, History, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - J. Riel-Salvatore
- Département d’anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
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Invasive and Non-Invasive Analyses of Ochre and Iron-Based Pigment Raw Materials: A Methodological Perspective. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring and deeply coloured iron-bearing materials were exploited very early on by human populations. The characterization of these materials has proven useful for addressing several archaeological issues, such as the study of technical behaviors, group mobility, and the reconstruction of cultural dynamics. However, this work poses some critical methodological questions. In this paper, we will review ochre studies by focusing on the analytical methods employed, the limits of non-invasive methods, as well as examples of some quality research addressing specific issues (raw material selection and provenience, heat treatment). We will then present a methodological approach that aims to identify the instrumental limits and the post-depositional alterations that significantly impact the results of the non-invasive analysis of cohesive ochre fragments from Diepkloof rock Shelter, South Africa. We used ochre materials recuperated in both archaeological and geological contexts, and we compared non-invasive surface analyses by XRD, scanning electron microscopy coupled with dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDXS), and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) with invasive analysis of powder pellets and sections from the same samples. We conclude that non-invasive SEM-EDXS and PIXE analyses provide non-representative results when the number of measurements is too low and that post-depositional alterations cause significant changes in the mineralogical and major element composition at the surface of archaeological pieces. Such biases, now identified, must be taken into account in future studies in order to propose a rigorous framework for developing archaeological inferences.
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Velliky EC, Schmidt P, Bellot-Gurlet L, Wolf S, Conard NJ. Early anthropogenic use of hematite on Aurignacian ivory personal ornaments from Hohle Fels and Vogelherd caves, Germany. J Hum Evol 2020; 150:102900. [PMID: 33260040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Aurignacian (ca. 43-35 ka) of southwestern Germany is well known for yielding some of the oldest artifacts related to symbolic behaviors, including examples of figurative art, musical instruments, and personal ornaments. Another aspect of these behaviors is the presence of numerous pieces of iron oxide (ocher); however, these are comparatively understudied, likely owing to the lack of painted artifacts from this region and time period. Several Aurignacian-aged carved ivory personal ornaments from the sites of Hohle Fels and Vogelherd contain traces of what appear to be red ocher residues. We analyzed these beads using a combination of macroanalytical and microanalytical methods, including scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. We found that the residue is composed of the iron oxide mineral hematite (Fe2O3). Further analyses on associated archaeological sediments by X-ray diffraction revealed the absence of hematite and other iron oxide mineral phases, suggesting that the hematite residues were intentionally applied to the ivory personal ornaments by human agents. These findings have important implications as they represent evidence for the direct application of ocher on portable symbolic objects by early Homo sapiens in Europe. Furthermore, our results reveal shared behavioral practices from two key Aurignacian sites maintained over several millennia and illuminate aspects of pigment use and symbolic practices during a pivotal time in the cultural evolution of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Velliky
- SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), Faculty of Humanities, University of Bergen, Øysteinsgate 3, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway; Archaeology/Centre for Rock-Art Research and Management, M257, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Patrick Schmidt
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Applied Mineralogy, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, "de La Molécule Aux Nano-objets: Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies", MONARIS, UMR 8233, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Sibylle Wolf
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Conard
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, Germany
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Singh J, Mishra V. Modeling of adsorption flux in nickel-contaminated synthetic simulated wastewater in the batch reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:1059-1069. [PMID: 32532180 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1767983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, physico-chemical characterization of composite material revealed the presence of fluffy surface structure with crystalline look and negatively charged surface functional groups. The study of adsorption flux by using dimensionless numbers φ (2.62), Nk (62.68) and λ (1.17 × 10-5) proved that adsorption of nickel ions on the surface of composite material was mostly film diffusion-limited with maximum surface area coverage coupled with weakened surface tension. The results of intraparticle diffusivity and Boyd plot model showed that at the onset of process, film diffusion was the primary mechanism involved and at the later stage intraparticle diffusion played a critical role as rate governing step. The values of film (0.65 × 10-8 cm2 sec-1) and pore diffusivity (1.8 × 10-12 cm2 sec-1) coefficients showed that the adsorption process is dependent upon two different types of diffusion namely film and pore diffusion. Overall, transport and reshuffling mechanism had no substantial role in adsorption dynamics of nickel ions on the surface of composite material. Sorption isotherm and kinetics modeling showed higher values of regression coefficients for Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.99) and pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99) compared to other models. This showed that sorption of nickel followed monolayer coverage with chemisorption at optimized process parameters like pH 6, biosorbent dose 0.1 g/L, temperature 50 °C, agitation rate180 rpm, adsorbate concentration100 mg/L and contact time 60 minutes. The positive value of enthalpy of adsorption (ΔH = + 10.41 kJ/mole) and entropy (ΔS = +58.19 J/mol K) showed that binding of nickel ions on the surface of the composite material was endothermic with improved randomness at solid-liquid interface. The negative value of (ΔG = -6.4 to -8.67 kJ/mol) showed spontaneous nature of nickel adsorption on composite material in the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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MacDonald BL, Stalla D, He X, Rahemtulla F, Emerson D, Dube PA, Maschmann MR, Klesner CE, White TA. Hunter-Gatherers Harvested and Heated Microbial Biogenic Iron Oxides to Produce Rock Art Pigment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17070. [PMID: 31745164 PMCID: PMC6864057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Red mineral pigment use is recognized as a fundamental component of a series of traits associated with human evolutionary development, social interaction, and behavioral complexity. Iron-enriched mineral deposits have been collected and prepared as pigment for use in rock art, personal adornment, and mortuary practices for millennia, yet little is known about early developments in mineral processing techniques in North America. Microanalysis of rock art pigments from the North American Pacific Northwest reveals a sophisticated use of iron oxide produced by the biomineralizing bacterium Leptothrix ochracea; a keystone species of chemolithotroph recognized in recent advances in the development of thermostable, colorfast biomaterial pigments. Here we show evidence for human engagement with this bacterium, including nanostructural and magnetic properties evident of thermal enhancement, indicating that controlled use of pyrotechnology was a key feature of how biogenic iron oxides were prepared into paint. Our results demonstrate that hunter-gatherers in this area of study prepared pigments by harvesting aquatic microbial iron mats dominated by iron-oxidizing bacteria, which were subsequently heated in large open hearths at a controlled range of 750 °C to 850 °C. This technical gesture was performed to enhance color properties, and increase colorfastness and resistance to degradation. This skilled production of highly thermostable and long-lasting rock art paint represents a specialized technological innovation. Our results contribute to a growing body of knowledge on historical-ecological resource use practices in the Pacific Northwest during the Late Holocene. Figshare link to figures: https://figshare.com/s/9392a0081632c20e9484.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi Lee MacDonald
- Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Missouri Research Reactor, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - David Stalla
- Electron Microscopy Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Xiaoqing He
- Electron Microscopy Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Farid Rahemtulla
- Department of Anthropology, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N4Z9, Canada
| | - David Emerson
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA
| | - Paul A Dube
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S4M1, Canada
| | - Matthew R Maschmann
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Catherine E Klesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 87521, USA
| | - Tommi A White
- Electron Microscopy Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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