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Jiang L, Chen G, Li L, Chen Z, Yang K, Wang X. Remote teaching system for robotic surgery and its validation: results of a randomized controlled study. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:9190-9200. [PMID: 37845534 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, only a limited number of remote assistance modalities are utilized in the basic phase of robotic surgery training to facilitate the rapid acquisition of robotic surgery skills by surgeons. This study aimed to investigate the benefits of real-time remote surgical robotic skill training based on a multi-channel video recording and playback system. METHODS We randomly divided 40 medical students without prior expertise in the use of surgical robots into two groups to assess the performance of trainees on a robotic simulator (Mimic dV-Trainer). The remote group received remote training, while the control group received live one-on-one guidance. We compared the learning curves of the two groups based on simulator scores. Furthermore, the NASA task load index (NASA-TLX) scale was used to measure the fatigue load of the trainers. RESULTS We observed no significant differences in the demographics or initial baseline skill levels between the two groups. Participants in the remote group achieved higher total scores in the Match Board 2 and Thread the Rings 1 exercises compared to the control group. In addition, trainers in the remote group reported lower subjective fatigue load than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The remote approach to surgical robotics skills training based on the Remote Teaching System for Robotic Surgery (ReTeRoS) is both feasible and has the potential for large-scale training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Jiang
- Second Clinical College, Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Medicine - Remote Mapping Associated Laboratory, ZhongNan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaojie Chen
- Second Clinical College, Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Medicine - Remote Mapping Associated Laboratory, ZhongNan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Li
- Second Clinical College, Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Medicine - Remote Mapping Associated Laboratory, ZhongNan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ziyan Chen
- Second Clinical College, Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Medicine - Remote Mapping Associated Laboratory, ZhongNan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Second Clinical College, Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Medicine - Remote Mapping Associated Laboratory, ZhongNan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, 430071, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Second Clinical College, Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, 430071, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Lo CN, Abdelkader T, Choi YM, Goff AJ, Suresh K, Carpio GAC, Soon B. Teaching Physiotherapy Students Physical Examination Skills by Using Photogrammetry: A Randomized Control Trial of 3- Versus 2-Dimensional Images. Simul Healthc 2022; 17:e98-e104. [PMID: 33867495 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Education research explains how healthcare professional training could be more efficient and effective by integrating simulation technology. Despite its relevance in training medical students, the evidence of its effectiveness in the manual skill training of physiotherapy students remains limited. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 3-dimensional (3D) images of real objects produced by photogrammetry and traditional 2-dimensional (2D) images when introducing manual therapy skills to undergraduate physiotherapy students via an online course. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial, a group of first-year physiotherapy bachelor honor degree students participated in a 2-hour online course on 3 manual assessment skills: cervical compression, distraction, and flexion-rotation tests. They demonstrated 2 sets of learning materials, including either 3D images of real rotating objects using close-range photogrammetry (experimental group) or traditional 2D images (control group). After their respective training, an Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation procedure was conducted to demonstrate their knowledge about the techniques. A standardized 9-item practical performance test was used as the primary outcome measure for the analyses. RESULTS Seventy-seven students participated in the study. The average Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation score for the experimental group (n = 40) was 41.3/50 (±3.9) and the control group (n = 37) was 39.1/50 (±4.5, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS For learning 3 cervical spine assessment skills, this study shows that photogrammetry creates 3D images of real rotating objects that are more effective than 2D images for first-year physiotherapy students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ngai Lo
- From the Cluster of Health and Social Sciences (C.N.L., T.A., J.Y.M.C., A.J.G., B.T.C.S.), and Centre for Learning Environment and Assessment Development (K.S., G.A.C.C.), Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
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Wang M, Li D, Shang X, Wang J. A review of computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery systems. Int J Med Robot 2020; 16:1-28. [PMID: 32362063 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery systems have great potential, but no review has focused on computer-assisted surgery systems for the spine, hip, and knee. METHODS A systematic search was performed in Web of Science and PubMed. We searched the literature on computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery systems from 2008 to the present and focused on three aspects of systems: training, planning, and intraoperative navigation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this review study, we reviewed 34 surgical training systems, 31 surgical planning systems, and 41 surgical navigation systems. The functions and characteristics of the surgical systems were compared and analysed, and the current concerns about and the impact of the surgical systems on doctors and surgery were clarified. CONCLUSION Computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery systems are still in the development stage. Future surgical training systems should include synthetic models with patient anatomy. Surgical planning systems with automatic planning should be developed, and surgical navigation systems with multimodal fusion, robotic assistance and imaging should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monan Wang
- Mechanical & Power Engineering College , Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Donghui Li
- Mechanical & Power Engineering College , Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiping Shang
- Mechanical & Power Engineering College , Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Mechanical & Power Engineering College , Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
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Abdelaal AE, Avinash A, Kalia M, Hager GD, Salcudean SE. A multi-camera, multi-view system for training and skill assessment for robot-assisted surgery. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2020; 15:1369-1377. [PMID: 32430693 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-020-02176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper introduces the concept of using an additional intracorporeal camera for the specific goal of training and skill assessment and explores the benefits of such an approach. This additional camera can provide an additional view of the surgical scene, and we hypothesize that this additional view would improve surgical training and skill assessment in robot-assisted surgery. METHODS We developed a multi-camera, multi-view system, and we conducted two user studies ([Formula: see text]) to evaluate its effectiveness for training and skill assessment. In the training user study, subjects were divided into two groups: a single-view group and a dual-view group. The skill assessment study was a within-subject study, in which every subject was shown single- and dual view recorded videos of a surgical training task, and the goal was to count the number of errors committed in each video. RESULTS The results show the effectiveness of using an additional intracorporeal camera view for training and skill assessment. The benefits of this view are modest for skill assessment as it improves the assessment accuracy by approximately 9%. For training, the additional camera view is clearly more effective. Indeed, the dual-view group is 57% more accurate than the single-view group in a retention test. In addition, the dual-view group is 35% more accurate and 25% faster than the single-view group in a transfer test. CONCLUSION A multi-camera, multi-view system has the potential to significantly improve training and moderately improve skill assessment in robot-assisted surgery. One application of our work is to include an additional camera view in existing virtual reality surgical training simulators to realize its benefits in training. The views from the additional intracorporeal camera can also be used to improve on existing surgical skill assessment criteria used in training systems for robot-assisted surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Eldin Abdelaal
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Apeksha Avinash
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Megha Kalia
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Gregory D Hager
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Septimiu E Salcudean
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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