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Bellini C, Del Maschio N, Gentile M, Del Mauro G, Franceschini R, Abutalebi J. Original language versus dubbed movies: Effects on our brain and emotions. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 253:105424. [PMID: 38815502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests that emotions are often dulled in one's foreign language. Here, we paired fMRI with a naturalistic viewing paradigm (i.e., original vs. dubbed versions of sad, fun and neutral movie clips) to investigate the neural correlates of emotion perception as a function of native (L1) and foreign (L2) language context. Watching emotional clips in L1 (vs. L2) reflected in activations of anterior temporal cortices involved in semantic cognition, arguably indicating a closer association of emotion concepts with the native language. The processing of fun clips in L1 (vs. L2) reflected in enhanced response of the right amygdala, suggesting a deeper emotional experience of positively valenced stimuli in the L1. Of interest, the amygdala response to fun clips positively correlated with participants' proficiency in the L2, indicating that a higher L2 competence may reduce emotional processing differences across a bilingual's two languages. Our findings are compatible with the view that language provides a context for the construction of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bellini
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicola Del Maschio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Gentile
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianpaolo Del Mauro
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore MD 21201, United States.
| | - Rita Franceschini
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; UiT The Arctic University of Norway, PO Box 6050, Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Tang D, Li X, Fu Y, Wang H, Li X, Parviainen T, Kärkkäinen T. Neural correlates of emotion-label vs. emotion-laden word processing in late bilinguals: evidence from an ERP study. Cogn Emot 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38738622 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2352584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The brain processes underlying the distinction between emotion-label words (e.g. happy, sad) and emotion-laden words (e.g. successful, failed) remain inconclusive in bilingualism research. The present study aims to directly compare the processing of these two types of emotion words in both the first language (L1) and second language (L2) by recording event-related potentials (ERP) from late Chinese-English bilinguals during a lexical decision task. The results revealed that in the early word processing stages, the N170 emotion effect emerged only for L1 negative emotion-laden words and L2 negative emotion-label words. In addition, larger early posterior negativity (EPN) was elicited by emotion-laden words than emotion-label words in both L1 and L2. In the later processing stages, the N400 emotion effect was evident for L1 emotion words, excluding positive emotion-laden words, while it was absent in L2. Notably, L1 emotion words elicited enhanced N400 and attenuated late positive complex (LPC) compared to those in L2. Taken together, these findings confirmed the engagement of emotion, and highlighted the modulation of emotion word type and valence on word processing in both early and late processing stages. Different neural mechanisms between L1 and L2 in processing written emotion words were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Xueqiao Li
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Yang Fu
- School of International Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Foreign Languages, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiina Parviainen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tommi Kärkkäinen
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Rojas C, Vega-Rodríguez YE, Lagos G, Cabrera-Miguieles MG, Sandoval Y, Crisosto-Alarcón J. Applicability and usefulness of pupillometry in the study of lexical access. A scoping review of primary research. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1372912. [PMID: 38529093 PMCID: PMC10961345 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1372912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pupil dilation has been associated with the effort required to perform various cognitive tasks. At the lexical level, some studies suggest that this neurophysiological measure would provide objective, real-time information during word processing and lexical access. However, due to the scarcity and incipient advancement of this line of research, its applicability, use, and sensitivity are not entirely clear. This scoping review aims to determine the applicability and usefulness of pupillometry in the study of lexical access by providing an up-to-date overview of research in this area. Following the PRISMA protocol, 16 articles were included in this review. The results show that pupillometry is a highly applicable, useful, and sensitive method for assessing lexical skills of word recognition, word retrieval, and semantic activation. Moreover, it easily fits into traditional research paradigms and methods in the field. Because it is a non-invasive, objective, and automated procedure, it can be applied to any population or age group. However, the emerging development of this specific area of research and the methodological diversity observed in the included studies do not yet allow for definitive conclusions in this area, which in turn does not allow for meta-analyses or fully conclusive statements about what the pupil response actually reflects when processing words. Standardized pupillary recording and analysis methods need to be defined to generate more accurate, replicable research designs with more reliable results to strengthen this line of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rojas
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | | | - Gabriel Lagos
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - María Gabriela Cabrera-Miguieles
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
- Department of Spanish, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Yasna Sandoval
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
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Hu T, Wang X, Xu H. Eye-Tracking in Interpreting Studies: A Review of Four Decades of Empirical Studies. Front Psychol 2022; 13:872247. [PMID: 35832927 PMCID: PMC9272778 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been four decades since eye-tracking was first used in interpreting studies, and recent years has witnessed a growing interest in the application of this method, which holds great potential for offering a look into the “black box” of interpreting processing. However, little attention has been paid to comprehensively illustrating what has been done, what can be done, and what needs to be done with this method in this discipline. With this in view, this paper sets out to understand contributions of previous studies—key themes discussed, eye-tracking measures used, their limitations and implications, and future directions. To this end, we conduct a review of a total of 26 empirical papers from peer-reviewed journals within a time span of 4 decades ranging from 1981 to 2021. This study, as the first attempt of its kind at a comprehensive review on using eye-tracking in interpreting studies, should have implications for researchers, educators, and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- School of English Studies, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Zhejiang Conservatory of Music, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Zhejiang Conservatory of Music, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyu Wang,
| | - Haiming Xu
- School of English Studies, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
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Naranowicz M, Jankowiak K, Kakuba P, Bromberek-Dyzman K, Thierry G. In a Bilingual Mood: Mood Affects Lexico-Semantic Processing Differently in Native and Non-Native Languages. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030316. [PMID: 35326272 PMCID: PMC8945979 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive and negative moods tend to have differential effects on lexico-semantic processing in the native language (L1). Though accumulating evidence points to dampened sensitivity to affective stimuli in the non-native language (L2), little is known about the effects of positive and negative moods on L2 processing. Here, we show that lexico-semantic processing is differently affected by positive and negative moods only in L1. Unbalanced Polish–English bilinguals made meaningfulness judgments on L1 and L2 sentences during two EEG recording sessions featuring either positive- or negative-mood-inducing films. We observed a reduced N1 (lexical processing) for negative compared to positive mood in L2 only, a reduced N2 (lexico-semantic processing) in negative compared to positive mood in L1 only, a reduced N400 (lexico-semantic processing) for meaningless compared to meaningful L1 sentences in positive mood only, and an enhanced late positive complex (semantic integration and re-analysis) for L2 compared to L1 meaningful sentence in negative mood only. Altogether, these results suggest that positive and negative moods affect lexical, lexico-semantic, and semantic processing differently in L1 and L2. Our observations are consistent with previous accounts of mood-dependent processing and emotion down-regulation observed in bilinguals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Naranowicz
- Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61712 Poznań, Poland; (K.J.); (P.K.); (K.B.-D.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Jankowiak
- Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61712 Poznań, Poland; (K.J.); (P.K.); (K.B.-D.); (G.T.)
| | - Patrycja Kakuba
- Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61712 Poznań, Poland; (K.J.); (P.K.); (K.B.-D.); (G.T.)
| | | | - Guillaume Thierry
- Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61712 Poznań, Poland; (K.J.); (P.K.); (K.B.-D.); (G.T.)
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK
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Thoma D. Emotion regulation by attentional deployment moderates bilinguals' language-dependent emotion differences. Cogn Emot 2021; 35:1121-1135. [PMID: 34041997 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.1929853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Unbalanced bilinguals react differently to emotional stimuli in their first (L1) and second (L2) language. However, the size and direction of the emotion difference varies across emotions and tasks, so that its causes are controversial. Therefore, we investigated if the attentional resources bilinguals allocate to emotion processing moderate their language-dependent emotions. In two experiments, we crossed language and emotion regulation. Study 1 compared effects of distraction and concentration on bilingual emotion-word valence ratings. Study 2 induced positive emotion-focused rumination (or not) prior to a simulated, video-based online-dating activity. It measured emotional attraction to dating candidates speaking the participant's L1 or L2 in pupillary, eye-fixation and self-report responses. The studies found reduced L2 emotions when emotion processing was distracted or when its level was low to start with. Yet, if bilinguals concentrated or had ruminated on their emotions, their self-reported and physiological emotionality was comparable or even stronger in L2, relative to L1. The findings suggest that bilinguals' language-dependent emotions vary with differential language-processing automaticity. We propose that the observed emotion-regulation moderation generates further testable predictions about where and when language choice is relevant for bilinguals' emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Thoma
- Department of English Linguistics, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Wu YJ, Liu Y, Yao M, Li X, Peng W. Language contexts modulate instant empathic responses to others’ pain. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13562. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jing Wu
- School of Psychology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Faculty of Foreign Languages Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Psychology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Manlin Yao
- School of Psychology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- School of Psychology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Weiwei Peng
- School of Psychology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
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