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Farahani SJ, Li J, Minder B, Vielh P, Glisic M, Muka T. Impact of implementing the first edition of the Paris system for reporting: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytopathology 2024. [PMID: 38934101 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Urine cytology is a noninvasive, widely used diagnostic tool for screening and surveillance of genitourinary tract neoplasms. However, the absence of unified terminology and clear objective morphological criteria limits the clinical benefit of urine cytology. The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology (TPS) was developed with the goal of standardizing reporting and improving urine cytology performance in detecting high-grade malignancy (HGM). We aimed to evaluate potential effects of TPS on improving urine cytology diagnostic performance and clinical utility by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched six electronic databases to identify cross-sectional and cohort studies written in English assessing the accuracy of urine cytology in detecting genitourinary tract malignancies of patients under surveillance or with clinical suspicion of malignancy from January 2004 to December 2022. We extracted relevant data from eligible studies to calculate relative distribution of cytology diagnostic categories; ratio of atypical to HGM cytology diagnosis; and risk of HGM (ROHGM) and HGM likelihood ratio (HGM-LR) associated with cytology diagnostic categories. We used a generalized linear mixed model with logit transformation to combine proportions and multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression to pool diagnostic accuracy measurements. We performed meta-regression to evaluate any significant difference between TPS and non-TPS cohorts. We included 64 studies for 99,796 combined total cytology samples, across 31 TPS and 49 non-TPS cohorts. Pooled relative distribution [95% confidence interval (CI)] of negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC)/negative for malignancy (NM); atypical urothelial cells (AUC); suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (SHGUC)/suspicious for malignancy (SM); low-grade urothelial neoplasm (LGUN); and HGM categories among satisfactory cytology cases were 83.8% (80.3%-86.9%), 8.0% (6.0%-10.6%), 2.2% (1.4%-3.3%), 0.01% (0.0%-0.1%), and 4.2% (3.2%-5.5%) in TPS versus 80.8% (76.8-2.7%), 11.3% (8.6%-14.7%), 1.8% (1.2%-2.7%), 0.01% (0.0%-0.1%), and 3.3% (2.5%-4.3%) in non-TPS cohorts. Adopting TPS classification resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of NHGUC and a reduction in AUC cytology diagnoses, respectively. The AUC/HGM ratio in TPS cohort was 2.0, which showed a statistically significant difference from the atypical/HGM ratio of 4.1 in non-TPS cohort (p-value: 0.01). Moreover, the summary rate (95% CI) of LGUN called AUC on cytology significantly decreased to 20.8% (14.9%-28.3%) in the TPS compared with 34.1% (26.4%-42.8%) in non-TPS cohorts. The pooled ROHGM (95% CI) was 20.4% (6.2%-50.0%) in nondiagnostic (NDX), 15.5% (9.6%-24.2%) in NHGUC, 40.2% (30.9%-50.2%) in AUC, 80.8% (72.9%-86.8%) in SHGUC, 15.1% (5.7%-34.3%) in LGUN, and 91.4% (87.3%-94.3%) in HGM categories in TPS studies. NHGUC, AUC, SHGUC, and HGM categories were associated with HGM-LR (95% CI) of 0.2 (0.1-0.3), 0.9 (0.6-1.3), 6.9 (2.4-19.9), and 16.8 (8.3-33.8). Our results suggest that TPS 1.0 has reduced the relative frequency of AUC diagnosis, AUC/HGM ratio, and the frequency of LGUNs diagnosed as AUC on cytology. Adopting this classification has improved the clinical utility of SHGUC and HGM cytology diagnoses in ruling in high-grade lesions. However, an NHGUC diagnosis does not reliably rule out the presence of a high-grade lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar J Farahani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Caner, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Beatrice Minder
- Public Health & Primary Care Library, University Library of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Vielh
- Department of Pathology, Medipath and American Hospital of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marija Glisic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Epistudia, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taulant Muka
- Epistudia, Bern, Switzerland
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Valizadeh S, Taghiyar S, Vahidi S, Abazari O, Akhavan Tafti M, Zavar Reza J. Application of PLK1 and HOXA13 Gene Expression Levels in Urine in the Diagnosis of Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10735-3. [PMID: 38713442 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common urinary tract neoplasm, affecting many people annually. Current diagnostic and surveillance methods for bladder cancer are frequently invasive and lack sensitivity and specificity. This study aimed to develop an accurate and non-invasive urine-based gene expression assay, including fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), homeobox A13 (HOXA13), and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), to diagnose non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) at stages Ta and T1. The samples were acquired from 62 patients with NMIBC, 31 control individuals, and 31 patients with non-cancerous genitourinary tract diseases. The expression levels of three relevant genes were determined using quantitative RT-PCR. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the data for these genes were computed. Our results showed that PLK1, HOXA13, and FGFR3 expressions of genes were significantly elevated in patients compared to the control groups (p = 0.0001; p = 0.039). The sensitivity and specificity for the FGFR3 gene were 55% and 76%, respectively (p = 0.39). These parameters for HOXA13 were 100% and 93% (p = 0.0001) and for PLK1 were 100% and 86% (p = 0.0001) for diagnosing and monitoring NMIBC. HOXA13 and PLK 1 exhibited adequate specificity and sensitivity for diagnosis. The results of this research showed that despite the higher expression of these genes in urine, only HOXA13 and PLK1 had sufficient and proper specificity and sensitivity, so the urinary expression of these two genes can be used in future studies for diagnosis and monitoring in cancer bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Valizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sana Taghiyar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Serajedin Vahidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Omid Abazari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahmood Akhavan Tafti
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Javad Zavar Reza
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
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Cao B, Li Q, Xu P, Zhang Y, Cai S, Rao S, Zeng M, Dai Y, Jiang S, Zhou J. Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) as a grouping imaging biomarker combined with a decision-tree mode to preoperatively predict the pathological grade of bladder cancer. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e725-e735. [PMID: 38360514 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) could be used to develop a new non-invasive preoperative grade-prediction system to partially predict high-grade bladder cancer (HG-BC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study enrolled 89 primary BC patients prospectively from March 2022 to June 2023. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of VI-RADS for predicting HG-BC and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in the entire group. In the low VI-RADS (≤2) group, the decision tree-based method was used to obtain significant predictors and construct the decision-tree model (DT model). The performance of the DT model and low VI-RADS scores for predicting HG-BC was determined using ROC, calibration, and decision curve analyses. RESULTS At a cut-off of ≥3, the specificity and positive predictive value of VI-RADS for predicting HG-BC in the entire group was 100%, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.697. Among 65 patients with low VI-RADS scores, the DT model showed an AUC of 0.884 in predicting HG-BC compared to 0.506 for low VI-RADS scores. Calibration and decision curve analyses showed that the DT model performed better than the low VI-RADS scores. CONCLUSION Most VI-RADS scores ≥3 correspond to HG-BCs. VI-RADS could be used as a grouping imaging biomarker for a pathological grade-prediction procedure, which in combination with the DT model for low VI-RADS (≤2) populations, would provide a potential preoperative non-invasive method of predicting HG-BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Radiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - P Xu
- Department of Urology, Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhang
- MR Collaboration, Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - S Cai
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Rao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Radiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - M Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Radiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Dai
- MR Collaboration, Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - S Jiang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen Branch, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Municipal Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Clinical Specialty for Radiology, Xiamen, China.
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Bilski K, Żeber-Lubecka N, Kulecka M, Dąbrowska M, Bałabas A, Ostrowski J, Dobruch A, Dobruch J. Microbiome Sex-Related Diversity in Non-Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3595-3609. [PMID: 38666955 PMCID: PMC11048804 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific discrepancies in bladder cancer (BCa) are reported, and new studies imply that microbiome may partially explain the diversity. We aim to provide characterization of the bladder microbiome in both sexes diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive BCa with specific insight into cancer grade. In our study, 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing was performed on midstream urine, bladder tumor sample, and healthy-appearing bladder mucosa. Bacterial DNA was isolated using QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit. Metagenomic analysis was performed using hypervariable fragments of the 16S rRNA gene on Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine platform. Of 41 sample triplets, 2153 taxa were discovered: 1739 in tumor samples, 1801 in healthy-appearing bladder mucosa and 1370 in midstream urine. Women were found to have smaller taxa richness in Chao1 index than men (p = 0.03). In comparison to low-grade tumors, patients with high-grade lesions had lower bacterial diversity and richness in urine. Significant differences between sexes in relative abundance of communities at family level were only observed in high-grade tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Bilski
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Independent Public Hospital of Prof. W. Orlowski, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Natalia Żeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Ż.-L.); (M.K.); (J.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Ż.-L.); (M.K.); (J.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Michalina Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Aneta Bałabas
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Ż.-L.); (M.K.); (J.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Jakub Dobruch
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Independent Public Hospital of Prof. W. Orlowski, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland;
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Jankovic Velickovic L, Ristic Petrovic A, Dolicanin Z, Stojnev S, Velickovic F, Basic D. Expression of Basal Compartment and Superficial Markers in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Associated with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy, a Worldwide Disease. Biomedicines 2024; 12:95. [PMID: 38255201 PMCID: PMC10813608 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the association of basal compartment and superficial markers, comprising CK5/6, CD44, CK20, and the pathological characteristics of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) associated with Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). Comparing the expression of the investigated markers in 54 tumors from the BEN region and 73 control UTUC, no significant difference between them was detected. In regression analysis, CK20 expression was not determined with expression of CK5/6, CD44, and the phenotypic characteristics of BEN and control UTUC. Parameters with predictive influence on the expression of CD44 in BEN UTUC included growth pattern (p = 0.010), necrosis (p = 0.019); differentiation (p = 0.001), and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.021) in control UTUC. Divergent squamous differentiation in BEN tumors (p = 0.026) and stage in control tumors (p = 0.049) had a predictive influence on the expression of CK5/6. This investigation detected a predictive influence of the phenotypic characteristics of UTUC on the expression of basal compartment and superficial markers, with a significant influence of necrosis in BEN tumors (p = 0.006) and differentiation in control UTUC (p = 0.036).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubinka Jankovic Velickovic
- Center for Pathology, University Clinical Center Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Ana Ristic Petrovic
- Center for Pathology, University Clinical Center Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Zana Dolicanin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia;
| | - Slavica Stojnev
- Center for Pathology, University Clinical Center Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Filip Velickovic
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Dragoslav Basic
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
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Lucchesi CA, Vasilatis DM, Mantrala S, Chandrasekar T, Mudryj M, Ghosh PM. Pesticides and Bladder Cancer: Mechanisms Leading to Anti-Cancer Drug Chemoresistance and New Chemosensitization Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11395. [PMID: 37511154 PMCID: PMC10380322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple risk factors have been associated with bladder cancer. This review focuses on pesticide exposure, as it is not currently known whether agricultural products have a direct or indirect effect on bladder cancer, despite recent reports demonstrating a strong correlation. While it is known that pesticide exposure is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in humans and dogs, the mechanism(s) by which specific pesticides cause bladder cancer initiation or progression is unknown. In this narrative review, we discuss what is currently known about pesticide exposure and the link to bladder cancer. This review highlights multiple pathways modulated by pesticide exposure with direct links to bladder cancer oncogenesis/metastasis (MMP-2, TGF-β, STAT3) and chemoresistance (drug efflux, DNA repair, and apoptosis resistance) and potential therapeutic tactics to counter these pesticide-induced affects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Lucchesi
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (D.M.V.); (M.M.)
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Demitria M. Vasilatis
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (D.M.V.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Saisamkalpa Mantrala
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (D.M.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Thenappan Chandrasekar
- Department of Urological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (D.M.V.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (D.M.V.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Slotman A, Xu M, Lindale K, Hardy C, Winkowski D, Baird R, Chen L, Lal P, der Kwast TV, Jackson CL, Gooding RJ, Berman DM. Quantitative nuclear grading: an objective, artificial intelligence-facilitated foundation for grading noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100155. [PMID: 37059267 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, grade drives important treatment and management decisions. However, grading is complex, qualitative, and has considerable inter-and intra-observer variability. Previous literature showed that nuclear features quantitatively differ between bladder cancer grades, but these studies were limited in size and scope. Here, we measure morphometric features relevant to grading criteria and build simplified classification models that objectively distinguish between grades of non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (NPUC). We analyzed 516 low-grade and 125 high-grade 1.0 mm diameter image samples from a cohort of 371 NPUC cases. All images underwent WHO/ISUP 2004 consensus pathologist grading at our institution that was subsequently validated by expert genitourinary pathologists from two additional institutions. Automated software segmented tissue regions and measured nuclear features of size, shape, and mitotic rate for millions of nuclei. We then analyzed differences between grades and constructed classification models which had accuracies up to 88% and areas under the curve as high as 0.94. Variation in the nuclear area was the best univariate discriminator and was prioritized, along with the mitotic index, in the top-performing classifiers. Adding shape-related variables improved accuracy further. These findings indicate that nuclear morphometry and automated mitotic figure counts can be used to objectively differentiate between grades of NPUC. Future efforts will adapt the workflow to whole slides and tune grading thresholds to best reflect time to recurrence and progression. Defining these essential quantitative elements of grading has the potential to revolutionize pathologic assessment and provide a starting point from which to improve the prognostic utility of grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Slotman
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Minqi Xu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Katherine Lindale
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Céline Hardy
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Regan Baird
- Visiopharm Corporation, Westminster, CO, USA
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Priti Lal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodorus van der Kwast
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chelsea L Jackson
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Robert J Gooding
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - David M Berman
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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Li X, Liu J, Li A, Liu X, Miao Y, Wang Z. Analysis of the Relationship between Bladder Cancer Gene Mutation and Clinical Prognosis by High-Throughput Sequencing. Lab Med 2023; 54:142-152. [PMID: 36053728 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in urology in China. The analysis of gene mutation in bladder cancer and its relationship with clinical characteristics and prognosis will provide a basis for accurate treatment of bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the mutations and functional regions of bladder cancer-related genes based on high-throughput sequencing, and to explore the relationship between mutations and clinicopathological features, as well as its prognosis and clinical implication. METHODS From April 2020 to October 2020, a total of 47 patients with bladder cancer in the Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College were studied. Gene sequencing was performed using Nextseq CN500 System, a high-throughput sequencing platform. The results of gene detection were described, and the relationship and clinical value of high frequency mutated genes with clinicopathological features and prognosis were systematically analyzed. RESULTS A total of 29 mutation genes, 61 exons, and 95 mutation sites were identified in this study. The frequencies of TP53, FGFR3, PIK3CA, ERBB2, MUC4, and KRAS mutation are relatively high, accounting for 59.92 % of the total mutation frequency. The TP53 was significantly associated with muscle invasive bladder cancer, T2 stage, and progression-free survival, while FGFR3 was significantly associated with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and T1 stage. CONCLUSION High-throughput sequencing technology provides a successful approach for detecting bladder cancer gene mutations. The TP53, FGFR3, PIK3CA, ERBB2, MUC4, and KRAS genes have high mutation frequencies in bladder cancer patients. The TP53, FGFR3 and PIK3CA genes may play a predictive role in the prognosis of bladder cancer, which may hold certain guiding significance for in-depth study of the pathogenesis of bladder cancer and the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - An'an Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yuesong Miao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
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Jing W, Cao Y, Wang H, Qian D. E-cadherin and FGFR3 are risk factors determining prognosis of patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:1510-1516. [PMID: 36915751 PMCID: PMC10006759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the diagnostic value of the combined detection of E-cadherin and FGFR3 in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma and their correlation with patient prognosis. METHODS The study retrospectively analyzed the case data of 96 patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma treated at the Yixing Guanlin Hospital from June 2018 to June 2020. Tumor tissue of each patient and matched healthy tissue were collected for immunohistochemical staining. Differences in FGFR3 and E-cadherin expression were identified between tumor and healthy tissues. The influence of clinical characteristics on the recurrence was analyzed using a univariate analysis. Then, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors for recurrence in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma. The diagnostic value of FGFR3, E-cadherin and their combination for disease recurrence and prognosis was analyzed. The correlation of FGFR3 and E-cadherin expression with disease recurrence was discussed. RESULTS The positive expression of FGFR3 in the cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissue, while the positive expression of E-cadherin showed the opposite (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor size, TNM stage, pathological grade, FGFR3 and E-cadherin were risk factors for the recurrence of bladder urothelial carcinoma (P<0.05). The area under the curve of FGFR3 combined with E-cadherin in evaluating prognosis and recurrence was 0.957. Correlation analysis revealed that FGFR3 was significantly and positively correlated with the patients' prognostic recurrence while E-cadherin was negatively correlated with it. CONCLUSION FGFR3 and E-cadherin are risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma, and they are associated with the outcome of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Jing
- Urology Department of Yixing Guanlin Hospital Yixing 214251, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Urology Department of Yixing Guanlin Hospital Yixing 214251, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Urology Department of Yixing Guanlin Hospital Yixing 214251, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Urology Department of Yixing Guanlin Hospital Yixing 214251, Jiangsu, China
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Warli SM, Kadar DD, Siregar GP, Husein A. The difference between cytokeratin 20 expression in high- and low-grade urothelial bladder carcinomas: A cross-sectional study. Urol Ann 2023; 15:383-387. [PMID: 38074175 PMCID: PMC10699178 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_138_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Expression of cytokeratin 20 (CK 20) could be used as a biomarker in different epithelia to determine malignancy, especially in gastrointestinal, urinary tract, and Merkel cells. CK 20 could be detected in several urothelial carcinomas and was associated with bladder cancer recurrence. The study aimed to assess the utility of CK 20 expression for bladder cancer grading.
Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study assessing CK 20 expression in 73 bladder cancer patients who had transurethral resection of bladder tumor or cystectomy. The data were then collected and analyzed with SPSS Statistics version 20.0.
Results:
Fifty-six (76.7%) cases of high- and 17 (23.3%) cases of low-grade urothelial bladder cancer were examined for CK 20 expression. Positive expression was present in 57 (78.1%) samples. A significant difference (P = 0.034) in CK 20 expression was observed between low-grade and high-grade urothelial carcinomas. Positive expression was seen in 44 (77.2%) high-grade cases and only 13 (22.8%) low-grade cases.
Conclusion:
The difference in the CK 20 expression was found to be statistically significant among different grades of bladder cancer but not to metastatic bladder cancer. Further, studies are required to establish CK 20 as a diagnostic tool. We suggest a combination with several markers to compare which is superior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syah Mirsya Warli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara - Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
- Department of Urology, Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Dhirajaya Dharma Kadar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara - Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ginanda Putra Siregar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara - Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ali Husein
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
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11
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Wei Y, Amend B, Todenhöfer T, Lipke N, Aicher WK, Fend F, Stenzl A, Harland N. Urinary Tract Tumor Organoids Reveal Eminent Differences in Drug Sensitivities When Compared to 2-Dimensional Culture Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116305. [PMID: 35682984 PMCID: PMC9181330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of organoids from urinary tract tumor samples was pioneered a few years ago. We generated organoids from two upper tract urothelial carcinomas and from one bladder cancer sample, and confirmed the expression of cytokeratins as urothelial antigens, vimentin as a mesenchymal marker, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 by immunohistochemistry. We investigated the dose response curves of two novel components, venetoclax versus S63845, in comparison to the clinical standard cisplatin in organoids in comparison to the corresponding two-dimensional cultures. Normal urothelial cells and tumor lines RT4 and HT1197 served as controls. We report that upper tract urothelial carcinoma cells and bladder cancer cells in two-dimensional cultures yielded clearly different sensitivities towards venetoclax, S63845, and cisplatin. Two-dimensional cultures were more sensitive at low drug concentrations, while organoids yielded higher drug efficacies at higher doses. In some two-dimensional cell viability experiments, colorimetric assays yielded different IC50 toxicity levels when compared to chemiluminescence assays. Organoids exhibited distinct sensitivities towards cisplatin and to a somewhat lesser extent towards venetoclax or S63845, respectively, and significantly different sensitivities towards the three drugs investigated when compared to the corresponding two-dimensional cultures. We conclude that organoids maintained inter-individual sensitivities towards venetoclax, S63845, and cisplatin. The preclinical models and test systems employed may bias the results of cytotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Center for Medicine Research, Eberhard Karls University, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (W.K.A.)
| | - Bastian Amend
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (B.A.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (B.A.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Nizar Lipke
- Center for Medicine Research, Eberhard Karls University, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (W.K.A.)
| | - Wilhelm K. Aicher
- Center for Medicine Research, Eberhard Karls University, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (W.K.A.)
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute for Pathology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (B.A.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Niklas Harland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (B.A.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-298-6613
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12
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Weidle UH, Birzele F. Bladder Cancer-related microRNAs With In Vivo Efficacy in Preclinical Models. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2021; 1:245-263. [PMID: 35403137 PMCID: PMC8988954 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Progressive and metastatic bladder cancer remain difficult to treat. In this review, we critique seven up-regulated and 25 down-regulated microRNAs in order to identify new therapeutic entities and corresponding targets. These microRNAs were selected with respect to their efficacy in bladder cancer-related preclinical in vivo models. MicroRNAs and related targets interfering with chemoresistance, cell-cycle, signaling, apoptosis, autophagy, transcription factor modulation, epigenetic modification and metabolism are described. In addition, we highlight microRNAs targeting transmembrane receptors and secreted factors. We discuss druggability issues for the identified targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences,Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Setti Boubaker N, Gurtner A, Trabelsi N, Manni I, Ayed H, Saadi A, Zaghbib S, Naimi Z, Sahraoui G, Zouari S, Meddeb K, Mrad K, Chebil M, Piaggio G, Ouerhani S. The diagnostic applicability of A-type Lamin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 54:151808. [PMID: 34438192 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lamin A is a major component of the nuclear lamina maintaining nuclear integrity, regulation of gene expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Its deregulation in cancer has been recently reported to be associated with its prognosis. However, its clinical significance in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) remains to be defined. MATERIAL/METHODS Immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR were performed to screen the expression patterns of Lamin A/C protein and Lamin A mRNA respectively in 58 high and low grade NMIBC specimens. RESULTS Lamin A/C protein was expressed only in the nucleus and less exhibited in NMIBC tissues compared to non-tumoral ones. On the other side, Lamin A mRNA was up-regulated in NMIBC compared to controls. Nevertheless, both expression patterns (protein and mRNA) were not correlated to clinical prognosis factors and were not able to predict the overall survival of patients with high-grade NMIBC. CONCLUSIONS The deregulation of A-type Lamin is not associated with the prognosis of NMIBC, but it could serve as a diagnostic biomarker distinguishing NMIBC patients from healthy subjects suggesting its involvement as an initiator event of tumorigenesis in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Setti Boubaker
- Laboratory of Proteins Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), INSAT, University of Tunis Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia; UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Aymone Gurtner
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nesrine Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Proteins Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), INSAT, University of Tunis Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Isabella Manni
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Haroun Ayed
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ahmed Saadi
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Selim Zaghbib
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Zeineb Naimi
- Medical Oncology Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ghada Sahraoui
- Pathology Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Skander Zouari
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Khedija Meddeb
- Medical Oncology Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Karima Mrad
- Pathology Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Chebil
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Slah Ouerhani
- Laboratory of Proteins Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), INSAT, University of Tunis Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
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14
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Jain P, Kathuria H, Momin M. Clinical therapies and nano drug delivery systems for urinary bladder cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 226:107871. [PMID: 33915179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 10th most commonly occurring malignancy worldwide with a 75% of 5-year survival rate, while it ranks 13th among the deaths occurring due to cancer. The majority of bladder cancer cases are diagnosed at an early stage and 70% are of non-invasive grade. However, 70% of these cases develop chemoresistance and progress to the muscle invasive stage. Conventional chemotherapy treatments are unsuccessful in curbing chemoresistance, bladder cancer progression while having an adverse side effect, which is mainly due to off-target drug distribution. Therefore, new drug delivery strategies, new therapeutics and therapies or their combination are being explored to develop better treatments. In this regard, nanotechnology has shown promise in the targeted delivery of therapeutics to bladder cancer cells. This review discusses the recent discovery of new therapeutics (chemotherapeutics, immunotherapeutic, and gene therapies), recent developments in the delivery of therapeutics using nano drug delivery systems, and the combination treatments with FDA-approved therapies, i.e., hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy. We also discussed the potential of other novel drug delivery systems that are minimally explored in bladder cancer. Lastly, we discussed the clinical status of therapeutics and therapies for bladder cancer. Overall, this review can provide a summary of available treatments for bladder cancer, and also provide opportunities for further development of drug delivery systems for better management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore; Nusmetic Pvt Ltd, Makerspace, i4 building, 3 Research Link Singapore, 117602, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signalling, especially induced by FGFR3, is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of urothelial carcinoma and was therefore extensively studied over the last decades. In this review, we summarize the most relevant findings of the past two years. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies support the concept that FGFR3 mediates a pathway of urothelial carcinogenesis associated with low malignant potential. FGFR3 may represent a highly accurate biomarker for diagnosis and prediction of recurrence, progression or therapy response. The pan FGFR-inhibitor erdafitinib was recently approved for urothelial carcinoma, whereas several other FGFR-targeted drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials. SUMMARY Numerous recent studies focus on the role of FGFR3 in different urothelial carcinoma subtypes and its potential clinical application as noninvasive biomarker, as well as therapeutic target.
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16
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Garde-García H, Redondo-González E, Maestro-de Las Casas M, Fernández-Pérez C, Moreno-Sierra J. Biomarkers and intermediate-high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a multivariate analysis of three different cellular pathways with pronostic implications. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:840-845. [PMID: 32839927 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the presence of a group of mutations, and establish the prognostic value for recurrence and progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective observational study. Intermediate-to-high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) was evaluated. Data from genetic analyses were included in a database along with clinicopathological variables of interest. RESULTS Seventy-four patients. Twenty-five (33.8%) recurred and 3 (4.1%) progressed. Median time to recurrence: 8 months (5.7-12.7). Median time to progression: 14 months (P75: 12). Mutation distribution: KRAS codon 12: one patient (1.4%), BAT25: five patients (6.8%), BAT-26: four patients (5.4%), and D2S123: 6 patients (8.1%). Arg72Pro polymorphism: 50 patients (67.6%) exhibited homozygous mutations, 23 (31.1%) were heterozygous, and 1 patient (1.4%) did not present the mutation. We found an association between presence of MSI at BAT26 and female sex (p < 0.05) and tumor stage and the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was significantly associated with presence of MSI at D2S123, with a HR of 5.44 for patients presenting the mutation (95% CI 1.83-16.16). On multivariate analysis, we found a statistically significant increase in risk of recurrence among patients with MSI at D2S123 (HR 5.15; p < 0.05) and more than 2 previous transurethral bladder resections (TURBs) (HR 5.07; p < 0.05) adjusted for tumor stage and grade. Harrell's concordance index revealed an accuracy of 0.74 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION An association was found between presence BAT26 MSI and female sex, Arg72Pro polymorphism with tumor stage and D2S123 and more than 2 TUR procedures were associated with RFS adjusted to tumor stage and grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Garde-García
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - E Redondo-González
- Servicio de Urología y Unidad de Biología Molecular del Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Maestro-de Las Casas
- Servicio de Urología y Unidad de Biología Molecular del Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Fernández-Pérez
- Servicio de Urología y Unidad de Biología Molecular del Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Moreno-Sierra
- Servicio de Urología y Unidad de Biología Molecular del Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Overexpression of reactive oxygen species modulator 1 is associated with advanced grades of bladder cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6497-6505. [PMID: 32770525 PMCID: PMC7414271 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species Modulator 1 (ROMO1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mitochondrial structure integrity, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased ROMO1 expression was reported in various cancer cell lines; however, the possible association between ROMO1 expression and bladder cancer was not well studied. The present study aimed to investigate the rate of ROMO1 expression and the correlation of oxidative stress with the development of bladder cancer. In this study, a total of 35 cancerous and healthy adjacent tissues were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to analyze the gene expression of ROMO1. Also, we evaluated the serum level of ROMO1 and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), as well as Total Oxidant Status (TOS) in patients with bladder cancer along with age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. The ROMO1 gene was significantly higher in cancerous tissues than that of adjacent healthy tissues. Also, the serum levels of ROMO1, TAC, TOS, and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) were increased in patients with bladder cancer compared with healthy subjects. It can be concluded that the overexpression of the ROMO1 gene is associated with advanced grades of bladder cancer as well as an increase in oxidative stress conditions. Our findings also suggest that the serum level of ROMO1 might be a promising tumor marker for bladder cancer.
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18
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Semeniuk-Wojtaś A, Lubas A, Cierniak S, Brzóskowska U, Syryło T, Zieliński H, Stec R. Selected protein expression in a new prognostic model for patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2099-2108. [PMID: 32239282 PMCID: PMC7324417 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After transurethral resection of a bladder tumor, patients frequently have a recurrence of the disease, thereby requiring adjuvant therapy. PURPOSE The study aimed to determine the prognostic value of expression levels of p53, Ki-67, and survivin, and to develop a new prognostic model for patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of a bladder tumor. METHODS The study group consisted of 101 patients with primary NMIBC. Univariate followed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to obtain a model including the smallest possible number of descriptive variables with the highest statistical significance and impact on risk. RESULTS The RECINT model (RECurrence In Not Treated) including factors independently associated with cancer recurrence (tumor size [HR 1.148; p = 0.034], intensity of the color reaction for p53 [HR 1.716; p = 0.008], Ki-67 [HR 3.001; p = 0.022], and survivin [HR 1.461; p = 0.021]) adequately stratified recurrence free-survival (R2 = 0.341, p < 0.001) in patients with primary NMIBC. Patients with the lowest RECINT score (0-6) had the lowest probability of cancer recurrence (1- and 5-year recurrence of 16%) in comparison with other groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The RECINT model may be useful for stratifying the risk of recurrence in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and may allow for identification of those who may benefit the most from adjuvant BCG immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arkadiusz Lubas
- Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis Department, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów St., 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szczepan Cierniak
- Patomorphology Department, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów St., 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Brzóskowska
- Patomorphology Department, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów St., 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Syryło
- General, Functional and Oncological Urology Department, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów St., 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk Zieliński
- General, Functional and Oncological Urology Department, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów St., 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Stec
- Oncology Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 19/25 Stępińska St., 00-739, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Azawi NH, Næraa SH, Subhi Y, Vásquez JL, Norus T, Dahl C, Thind P, Jensen JB. Oncological outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial neoplasia in Denmark. Scand J Urol 2020; 54:58-64. [PMID: 31942812 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2019.1710562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To report the oncological outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial neoplasia in a large study sample.Materials and methods: This was a nationwide multicenter registry-based cohort study of all patients with upper urinary tract urothelial neoplasia in Denmark found to be eligible for nephroureterectomy between April 2004 and April 2017 (N = 1384). Primary endpoints were intravesical recurrence-free survival and overall survival. Survival probabilities were estimated with Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank test to compare survival curves. Association with clinical outcomes was studied using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards.Results: Intravesical recurrence-free survival was 72% [95% confidence interval (CI) 69-75%] at 5 years and 70% (95% CI 67-73%) at 10 years. Patients with muscle-invasive disease had a significantly lower rate of intravesical recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.46, p < 0.0001] and patients with high-grade tumors had a significantly higher rate of incident intravesical recurrence compared to low-grade tumors (HR = 1.65, p = 0.001). The overall survival was 76% (95% CI 74-79%) at 5 years and 64% (95% CI 60-70%) at 10 years. Patients with higher age (p = 0.008) and muscle-invasive disease (p < 0.0001) had worse overall survival. When comparing surgical approaches, laparoscopic nephroureterectomy versus open nephroureterectomy did not differ in intravesical recurrence-free survival but was associated with shorter postoperative hospital stay (p < 0.0001) and better overall survival (p = 0.02).Conclusions: We report the oncological outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial neoplasia in a large sample and give insights into predictive factors with significant impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessn H Azawi
- Department of Urology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Yousif Subhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Juan Luis Vásquez
- Department of Urology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Norus
- Department of Urology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Claus Dahl
- Department of Urology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter Thind
- Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen
- Department of Urology, Regionshospitalet Holstebro, Holstebro, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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20
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Stromyer ML, Southerland MR, Satyal U, Sikder RK, Weader DJ, Baughman JA, Youngs WJ, Abbosh PH. Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of a triphenylphosphonium-containing imidazolium salt against select bladder cancer cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111832. [PMID: 31718944 PMCID: PMC7224591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolium salts have shown great promise as anticancer materials. A new imidazolium salt (TPP1), with a triphenylphosphonium substituent, has been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity against bladder cancer. TPP1 was determined to have a GI50 ranging from 200 to 250 μM over a period of 1 h and the ability to effectively inhibit bladder cancer. TPP1 induces apoptosis, and it appears to act as a direct mitochondrial toxin. TPP1 was applied intravesically to a bladder cancer mouse model based on the carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN). Cancer selectivity of TPP1 was demonstrated, as BBN-induced tumors exhibited apoptosis but normal adjacent urothelium did not. These results suggest that TPP1 may be a promising intravesical agent for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Stromyer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 190 East Buchtel Commons, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Marie R Southerland
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 190 East Buchtel Commons, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Uttam Satyal
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Rahmat K Sikder
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - David J Weader
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 190 East Buchtel Commons, Akron, OH, 44325, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Jessi A Baughman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 190 East Buchtel Commons, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Wiley J Youngs
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 190 East Buchtel Commons, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
| | - Philip H Abbosh
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
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