Johncilla M, Yantiss RK. Histology of Colorectal Carcinoma: Proven and Purported Prognostic Factors.
Surg Pathol Clin 2020;
13:503-520. [PMID:
32773197 DOI:
10.1016/j.path.2020.05.008]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although tumor stage has a profound influence on prognosis, several histologic features are also important. These parameters predict biological behavior and can be used by clinicians to determine whether patients are at high risk for disease progression and, thus, are candidates for adjuvant therapy, particularly when they have localized (ie, stage II) disease. This article summarizes the evidence supporting the prognostic values of various histologic parameters evaluated by pathologists who assign pathologic stage to colorectal cancers. Criteria to be discussed include histologic subtype, tumor grade, lymphatic and perineural invasion, tumor budding, and host immune responses.
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