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Velemínská J, Jaklová LK, Kočandrlová K, Hoffmannová E, Koudelová J, Suchá B, Dupej J. Three-dimensional analysis of modeled facial aging and sexual dimorphism from juvenile to elderly age. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21821. [PMID: 36528705 PMCID: PMC9759541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed understanding of craniofacial ontogenetic development is important in a variety of scientific disciplines dealing with facial reconstruction, forensic identification, ageing prediction, and monitoring of pathological growth, including the effect of therapy. The main goals of this study were (1) the construction of the facial aging model using local polynomial regression fitting separately for both sexes, (2) evaluation of the aging effect not only on facial form as a whole but also on dimensions important for clinical practice, and (3) monitoring of the development of shape facial sexual dimorphism. Our study was based on the form and shape analysis of three-dimensional facial surface models of 456 individuals aged 14-83 years. The facial models were obtained using a structured light-based optical scanner and divided (for some analyses) into four age categories (juveniles, young adults, middle adults, and elderly adults). The methodology was based on geometric and classic morphometrics including multivariate statistics. Aging in both sexes shared common traits such as more pronounced facial roundness reducing facial convexity, sagging soft tissue, smaller visible areas of the eyes, greater nose, and thinner lips. In contrast to female faces, male faces increase in size until almost 30 years of age. After the age of 70, male facial size not only stagnates, like in females, but actually decreases slightly. Sexual dimorphic traits tended to diminish in the frontal and orbitonasal areas and increase in the gonial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Velemínská
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kožejová Jaklová
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Kočandrlová
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hoffmannová
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Koudelová
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Suchá
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Dupej
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
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Estimation in regret-regression using quadratic inference functions with ridge estimator. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271542. [PMID: 35862316 PMCID: PMC9302796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new estimation method in estimating optimal dynamic treatment regimes. The quadratic inference functions in myopic regret-regression (QIF-MRr) can be used to estimate the parameters of the mean response at each visit, conditional on previous states and actions. Singularity issues may arise during computation when estimating the parameters in ODTR using QIF-MRr due to multicollinearity. Hence, the ridge penalty was introduced in rQIF-MRr to tackle the issues. A simulation study and an application to anticoagulation dataset were conducted to investigate the model’s performance in parameter estimation. The results show that estimations using rQIF-MRr are more efficient than the QIF-MRr.
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Bruggink R, Baan F, Brons S, Loonen TG, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Maal TJ, Ongkosuwito EM. A semi-automatic three-dimensional technique using a regionalized facial template enables facial growth assessment in healthy children from 1.5 to 5.0 years of age. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13281. [PMID: 35694378 PMCID: PMC9186324 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To develop a semi-automatic technique to evaluate normative facial growth in healthy children between the age of 1.5 and 5.0 years using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric images. Materials and Methods Three-dimensional facial images of healthy children at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 years of age were collected and positioned based on a reference frame. A general face template was used to extract the face and its separate regions from the full stereophotogrammetric image. Furthermore, this template was used to create a uniform distributed mesh, which could be directly compared to other meshes. Average faces were created for each age group and mean growth was determined between consecutive groups for the full face and its separate regions. Finally, the results were tested for intra- and inter-operator performance. Results The highest growth velocity was present in the first period between 1.5 and 2.0 years of age with an average of 1.50 mm (±0.54 mm) per six months. After 2.0 years, facial growth velocity declined to only a third at the age of 5.0 years. Intra- and inter-operator variability was small and not significant. Conclusions The results show that this technique can be used for objective clinical evaluation of facial growth. Example normative facial averages and the corresponding facial growth between the age 1.5 and 5.0 years are shown. Clinical Relevance This technique can be used to collect and process facial data for objective clinical evaluation of facial growth in the individual patient. Furthermore, these data can be used as normative data in future comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bruggink
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baan
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Brons
- Orthodontie Merwestein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Tom G.J. Loonen
- Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J.J. Maal
- Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin M. Ongkosuwito
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Amalia Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ainuz BY, Hallac RR, Kane AA. Longitudinal composite 3D faces and facial growth trends in children 6-11 years of age using 3D cephalometric surface imaging. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:540-549. [PMID: 34930071 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.2012257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normative craniofacial anthropometry provides clinically important reference values used in the treatment of craniofacial conditions. Few objective datasets of normative data exist for children. AIM To establish normative data regarding craniofacial morphology changes with growth in children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 3D surface images of the same group of healthy children aged 6 - 11 years old recruited from a Dallas school were taken annually between the years 2015 - 2020. Composite 3D cephalometric faces were created for boys and girls of each age. General and craniofacial anthropometric measurements were compared. RESULTS Seven hundred ninety one individual stereophotogrammetric acquisitions were used (400 boys, 391 girls) taken from 180 children. Linear facial, orbital, nasal, and oral anthropometric measurements revealed a consistent increase in magnitude with age. Composite 3D face comparisons revealed prominent vertical and anteroposterior growth trends in the lower and upper facial regions. CONCLUSION This study presents a longitudinal 3D control dataset of the same group of children over a 6-year period that can serve as reference norms for facial growth values and trends in children aged 6-11 years. The composite 3D normative faces are available for clinical and research purposes upon request, which may be interrogated and measured according to user need and preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bar Y Ainuz
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA.,Analytical Imaging and Modeling Center, Childrens Health Systems of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rami R Hallac
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA.,Analytical Imaging and Modeling Center, Childrens Health Systems of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alex A Kane
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA.,Analytical Imaging and Modeling Center, Childrens Health Systems of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
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Pinto PHV, Rodrigues CHP, Rozatto JR, da Silva AMBR, Bruni AT, da Silva MAMR, da Silva RHA. Can a spontaneous smile invalidate facial identification by photo-anthropometry? Imaging Sci Dent 2021; 51:279-290. [PMID: 34621655 PMCID: PMC8479441 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20210002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Using images in the facial image comparison process poses a challenge for forensic experts due to limitations such as the presence of facial expressions. The aims of this study were to analyze how morphometric changes in the face during a spontaneous smile influence the facial image comparison process and to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements obtained by digital stereophotogrammetry in these situations. Materials and Methods Three examiners used digital stereophotogrammetry to obtain 3-dimensional images of the faces of 10 female participants (aged between 23 and 45 years). Photographs of the participants' faces were captured with their faces at rest (group 1) and with a spontaneous smile (group 2), resulting in a total of 60 3-dimensional images. The digital stereophotogrammetry device obtained the images with a 3.5-ms capture time, which prevented undesirable movements of the participants. Linear measurements between facial landmarks were made, in units of millimeters, and the data were subjected to multivariate and univariate statistical analyses using Pirouette® version 4.5 (InfoMetrix Inc., Woodinville, WA, USA) and Microsoft Excel® (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA), respectively. Results The measurements that most strongly influenced the separation of the groups were related to the labial/buccal region. In general, the data showed low standard deviations, which differed by less than 10% from the measured mean values, demonstrating that the digital stereophotogrammetry technique was reproducible. Conclusion The impact of spontaneous smiles on the facial image comparison process should be considered, and digital stereophotogrammetry provided good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Viana Pinto
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Henrique Pinke Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Rodrigues Rozatto
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Thais Bruni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Sharma N, Sharma R, Jindal N. Prediction of face age progression with generative adversarial networks. MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 80:33911-33935. [PMID: 34483708 PMCID: PMC8397612 DOI: 10.1007/s11042-021-11252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Face age progression, goals to alter the individual's face from a given face image to predict the future appearance of that image. In today's world that demands more security and a touchless unique identification system, face aging attains tremendous attention. The existing face age progression approaches have the key problem of unnatural modifications of facial attributes due to insufficient prior knowledge of input images and nearly visual artifacts in the generated output. Research has been continuing in face aging to handle the challenge to generate aged faces accurately. So, to solve the issue, the proposed work focuses on the realistic face aging method using AttentionGAN and SRGAN. AttentionGAN uses two separate subnets in a generator. One subnet for generating multiple attention masks and the other for generating multiple content masks. Then attention mask is multiplied with the corresponding content mask along with an input image to finally achieve the desired results. Further, the regex filtering process is performed to separates the synthesized face images from the output of AttentionGAN. Then image sharpening with edge enhancement is done to give high-quality input to SRGAN, which further generates the super-resolution face aged images. Thus, presents more detailed information in an image because of its high quality. Moreover, the experimental results are obtained from five publicly available datasets: UTKFace, CACD, FGNET, IMDB-WIKI, and CelebA. The proposed work is evaluated with quantitative and qualitative methods, produces synthesized face aged images with a 0.001% error rate, and is also evaluated with the comparison to prior methods. The paper focuses on the various practical applications of super-resolution face aging using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
| | - Reecha Sharma
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
| | - Neeru Jindal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
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Hodges-Simeon CR, Albert G, Richardson GB, McHale TS, Weinberg SM, Gurven M, Gaulin SJC. Was facial width-to-height ratio subject to sexual selection pressures? A life course approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0240284. [PMID: 33711068 PMCID: PMC7954343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection researchers have traditionally focused on adult sex differences; however, the schedule and pattern of sex-specific ontogeny can provide insights unobtainable from an exclusive focus on adults. Recently, it has been debated whether facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR; bi-zygomatic breadth divided by midface height) is a human secondary sexual characteristic (SSC). Here, we review current evidence, then address this debate using ontogenetic evidence, which has been under-explored in fWHR research. Facial measurements were collected from 3D surface images of males and females aged 3 to 40 (Study 1; US European-descent, n = 2449), and from 2D photographs of males and females aged 7 to 21 (Study 2; Bolivian Tsimane, n = 179), which were used to calculate three fWHR variants (which we call fWHRnasion, fWHRstomion, and fWHRbrow) and two other common facial masculinity ratios (facial width-to-lower-face-height ratio, fWHRlower, and cheekbone prominence). We test whether the observed pattern of facial development exhibits patterns indicative of SSCs, i.e., differential adolescent growth in either male or female facial morphology leading to an adult sex difference. Results showed that only fWHRlower exhibited both adult sex differences as well as the classic pattern of ontogeny for SSCs-greater lower-face growth in male adolescents relative to females. fWHRbrow was significantly wider among both pre- and post-pubertal males in the Bolivian Tsimane sample; post-hoc analyses revealed that the effect was driven by large sex differences in brow height, with females having higher placed brows than males across ages. In both samples, all fWHR measures were inversely associated with age; that is, human facial growth is characterized by greater relative elongation in the mid-face and lower face relative to facial width. This trend continues even into middle adulthood. BMI was also a positive predictor of most of the ratios across ages, with greater BMI associated with wider faces. Researchers collecting data on fWHR should target fWHRlower and fWHRbrow and should control for both age and BMI. Researchers should also compare ratio approaches with multivariate techniques, such as geometric morphometrics, to examine whether the latter have greater utility for understanding the evolution of facial sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graham Albert
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - George B. Richardson
- School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Timothy S. McHale
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology and Museum Studies, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington, United States of America
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Steven J. C. Gaulin
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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Richmond S, Zhurov AI, Ali ABM, Pirttiniemi P, Heikkinen T, Harila V, Silinevica S, Jakobsone G, Urtane I. Exploring the midline soft tissue surface changes from 12 to 15 years of age in three distinct country population cohorts. Eur J Orthod 2021; 42:517-524. [PMID: 31748803 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have highlighted differences in the facial features in a White European population. Genetics appear to have a major influence on normal facial variation, and environmental factors are likely to have minor influences on face shape directly or through epigenetic mechanisms. AIM The aim of this longitudinal cohort study is to determine the rate of change in midline facial landmarks in three distinct homogenous population groups (Finnish, Latvian, and Welsh) from 12.8 to 15.3 years of age. This age range covers the pubertal growth period for the majority of boys and girls. METHODS A cohort of children aged 12 were monitored for facial growth in three countries [Finland (n = 60), Latvia (n = 107), and Wales (n = 96)]. Three-dimensional facial surface images were acquired (using either laser or photogrammetric methods) at regular intervals (6-12 months) for 4 years. Ethical approval was granted in each country. Nine midline landmarks were identified and the relative spatial positions of these surface landmarks were measured relative to the mid-endocanthion (men) over a 4-year period. RESULTS This study reports the children who attended 95 per cent of all scanning sessions (Finland 48 out of 60; Latvia 104 out of 107; Wales 50 out of 96). Considerable facial variation is seen for all countries and sexes. There are clear patterns of growth that show different magnitudes at different age groups for the different country groups, sexes, and facial parameters. The greatest single yearly growth rate (5.4 mm) was seen for Welsh males for men-pogonion distance at 13.6 years of age. Males exhibit greater rates of growth compared to females. These variations in magnitude and timings are likely to be influenced by genetic ancestry as a result of population migration. CONCLUSION The midline points are a simple and valid method to assess the relative spatial positions of facial surface landmarks. This study confirms previous reports on the subtle differences in facial shapes and sizes of male and female children in different populations and also highlights the magnitudes and timings of growth for various midline landmark distances to the men point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Richmond
- Orthodontic Department, Applied Clinical Research and Public Health, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexei I Zhurov
- Orthodontic Department, Applied Clinical Research and Public Health, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Azrul Bin Mohd Ali
- Orthodontic Department, Applied Clinical Research and Public Health, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Pertti Pirttiniemi
- Oral Development and Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Heikkinen
- Oral Development and Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Virpi Harila
- Oral Development and Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Signe Silinevica
- Orthodontic Department, RSU Institute of Stomatology, Rīga, Latvia
| | | | - Ilga Urtane
- Orthodontic Department, RSU Institute of Stomatology, Rīga, Latvia
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Kočandrlová K, Dupej J, Hoffmannová E, Velemínská J. Three-dimensional mixed longitudinal study of facial growth changes and variability of facial form in preschool children using stereophotogrammetry. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020; 24:511-519. [PMID: 33345464 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the normal, non-pathological facial growth in preschool children is not sufficiently reported, the aim was to follow growth changes of facial surface, sex differences and facial variability in preschool children using 3D stereophotogrammetry. SETTINGS AND SAMPLE POPULATION Mixed longitudinal sample of healthy Caucasian preschool children without head and facial trauma or craniofacial anomalies from 3.4 to 6.7 years of age consisted of 25 girls and 17 boys. MATERIALS AND METHODS 136 3D facial models from optical scanner Vectra 3D were evaluated by geometric morphometrics (CPC-DCA, PCA, per-vertex t test). RESULTS In both sexes, the lower face was widened and elongated, and the prominences of the superciliary arches, lower orbital region, nose, lips and chin increased. Facial surface increments were more even in girls with a maximum between the fourth and fifth year of age, while in boys, there was the most intensive growth between fifth and sixth year of age. Sexual dimorphism was very stable during investigated period, only less statistically significant at the age of 3 years. Boys had more prominent lateral lower part of forehead, nose and lips than girls in every age category. CONCLUSIONS The longitudinal growth of the face between third and sixth year of age was similar in both sexes, facial sex differences were found in terms of intensity, size and timing. Variability of facial form showed that boys' faces were larger on average and facial shape did not differ. The knowledge of facial growth is essential for diagnostics and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kočandrlová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Dupej
- Faculty of Science, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Software and Computer Science Education, Charles University, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hoffmannová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Faculty of Science, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Provenzano AC, Lampinen JM, Erickson WB, Frowd C, Mahoney G. Parental reference photos do not always improve the accuracy of forensic age progressions. Sci Justice 2020; 60:522-530. [PMID: 33077035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During long-term missing children cases, forensic artists construct age-progressions to estimate the child's current appearance. It is commonly believed that incorporating information about the child's biological relatives is critical in accurately estimating the child's current appearance. However, some evidence suggests that predicting appearance based on inheritance of features may be error prone. The present studies examine whether age-progressions constructed with the aid of a biological reference photos led to better recognition than those constructed without a biological reference. We also investigated whether there would be any variation depending on the age-range of the age-progressions. Eight professional forensic artists created age-progressions based upon photographs provided by each of our eight targets. Half of their age progressions with the aid of parental reference photos and half without parental reference photos. Furthermore, half were age-progressed across a longer age-range (5-20 years) and half covered a shorter age-range (12-20 years). In Experiment 1 similarity scores were higher over shorter age-ranges. Further, across longer age-ranges age-progressions created with the aid of a parental reference were lower than those without a reference. In Experiment 2 recognition performance was higher across shorter age-ranges. Additionally, across longer age-ranges age-progressions created with the aid of a parental reference were recognized worse than those without a reference. These results suggest that in long-term missing person cases, forensic artists may benefit from not relying on biological references. Finally, consistent with previous research (e.g. Lampinen et al., 2012) age-progressions provided no benefit over using outdated photographs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James M Lampinen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, United States
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