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Martínez D, Gómez M, Hernández C, Campo-Palacio S, González-Robayo M, Montilla M, Pavas-Escobar N, Tovar-Acero C, Geovo-Arias L, Valencia-Urrutia E, Córdoba-Renteria N, Carrillo-Hernandez MY, Ruiz-Saenz J, Martinez-Gutierrez M, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Patiño LH, Muñoz M, Ramírez JD. Cryptic transmission and novel introduction of Dengue 1 and 2 genotypes in Colombia. Virus Evol 2024; 10:veae068. [PMID: 39347444 PMCID: PMC11429525 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever remains as a public health challenge in Colombia, standing as the most prevalent infectious disease in the country. The cyclic nature of dengue epidemics, occurring approximately every 3 years, is intricately linked to meteorological events like El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Therefore, the Colombian system faces challenges in genomic surveillance. This study aimed to evaluate local dengue virus (DENV) transmission and genetic diversity in four Colombian departments with heterogeneous incidence patterns (department is first-level territorial units in Colombia). For this study, we processed 266 serum samples to identify DENV. Subsequently, we obtained 118 genome sequences by sequencing DENV genomes from serum samples of 134 patients infected with DENV-1 and DENV-2 serotypes. The predominant serotype was DENV-2 (108/143), with the Asian-American (AA) genotype (91/118) being the most prevalent one. Phylogenetic analysis revealed concurrent circulation of two lineages of both DENV-2 AA and DENV-1 V, suggesting ongoing genetic exchange with sequences from Venezuela and Cuba. The continuous migration of Venezuelan citizens into Colombia can contribute to this exchange, emphasizing the need for strengthened prevention measures in border areas. Notably, the time to most recent common ancestor analysis identified cryptic transmission of DENV-2 AA since approximately 2015, leading to the recent epidemic. This challenges the notion that major outbreaks are solely triggered by recent virus introductions, emphasizing the importance of active genomic surveillance. The study also highlighted the contrasting selection pressures on DENV-1 V and DENV-2 AA, with the latter experiencing positive selection, possibly influencing its transmissibility. The presence of a cosmopolitan genotype in Colombia, previously reported in Brazil and Peru, raises concerns about transmission routes, emphasizing the necessity for thorough DENV evolution studies. Despite limitations, the study underscores genomic epidemiology's crucial role in early detection and comprehension of DENV genotypes, recommending the use of advanced sequencing techniques as an early warning system to help prevent and control dengue outbreaks in Colombia and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcela Gómez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas (NÚCLEO) Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Innovaseq SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sandra Campo-Palacio
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud Departamental Meta, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Marina González-Robayo
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud Departamental Meta, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Marcela Montilla
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud Departamental Meta, Villavicencio, Colombia
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Norma Pavas-Escobar
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud Departamental Meta, Villavicencio, Colombia
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Catalina Tovar-Acero
- Grupo de Enfermedades Tropicales y Resistencia Bacteriana, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Lillys Geovo-Arias
- Secretaria de Salud departamental Chocó-Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Chocó, Colombia
| | | | | | - Marlen Y Carrillo-Hernandez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales-PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales-PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Luz H Patiño
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología-UN (IBUN), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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2
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Thongsripong P, Edgerton SV, Bos S, Saborío S, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Bennett SN. Phylodynamics of dengue virus 2 in Nicaragua leading up to the 2019 epidemic reveals a role for lineage turnover. BMC Ecol Evol 2023; 23:58. [PMID: 37770825 PMCID: PMC10537812 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-023-02156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease posing a significant threat to public health. Dengue virus (DENV) evolution is often characterized by lineage turnover, which, along with ecological and immunological factors, has been linked to changes in dengue phenotype affecting epidemic dynamics. Utilizing epidemiologic and virologic data from long-term population-based studies (the Nicaraguan Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study and Nicaraguan Dengue Hospital-based Study), we describe a lineage turnover of DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2) prior to a large dengue epidemic in 2019. Prior to this epidemic, Nicaragua had experienced relatively low levels of DENV transmission from 2014 to 2019, a period dominated by chikungunya in 2014/15 and Zika in 2016. RESULTS Our phylogenetic analyses confirmed that all Nicaraguan DENV-2 isolates from 2018 to 2019 formed their own clade within the Nicaraguan lineage of the Asian/American genotype. The emergence of the new DENV-2 lineage reflects a replacement of the formerly dominant clade presiding from 2005 to 2009, a lineage turnover marked by several shared derived amino acid substitutions throughout the genome. To elucidate evolutionary drivers of lineage turnover, we performed selection pressure analysis and reconstructed the demographic history of DENV-2. We found evidence of adaptive evolution by natural selection at the codon level as well as in branch formation. CONCLUSIONS The timing of its emergence, along with a statistical signal of adaptive evolution and distinctive amino acid substitutions, the latest in the NS5 gene, suggest that this lineage may have increased fitness relative to the prior dominant DENV-2 strains. This may have contributed to the intensity of the 2019 DENV-2 epidemic, in addition to previously identified immunological factors associated with pre-existing Zika virus immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpim Thongsripong
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | - Sean V Edgerton
- Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra Bos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Saira Saborío
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Laboraorio Nacional de Virología, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Laboraorio Nacional de Virología, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shannon N Bennett
- Department of Microbiology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Gómez M, Martínez D, Hernández C, Luna N, Patiño LH, Bohórquez Melo R, Suarez LA, Palma-Cuero M, Murcia LM, González Páez L, Estrada Bustos L, Medina MA, Ariza Campo K, Padilla HD, Zamora Flórez A, De las Salas JL, Muñoz M, Ramírez JD. Arbovirus infection in Aedes aegypti from different departments of Colombia. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.999169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of precise and timely knowledge about the molecular epidemiology of arboviruses of public health importance, particularly in the vector, has limited the comprehensive control of arboviruses. In Colombia and the Americas, entomovirological studies are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the frequency of natural infection and/or co-infection by Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV) in Aedes spp. circulating in different departments of Colombia (Amazonas, Boyacá, Magdalena, and Vichada) and identifying vector species by barcoding. Aedes mosquitoes were collected in departments with reported prevalence or incidence of arbovirus cases during 2020–2021, located in different biogeographic zones of the country: Amazonas, Boyacá, Magdalena, and Vichada. The insects were processed individually for RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and subsequent detection of DENV (serotypes DENV1-4 by multiplex PCR), CHIKV, and ZIKV (qRT-PCR). The positive mosquitoes for arboviruses were sequenced (Sanger method) using the subunit I of the cytochrome oxidase (COI) gene for species-level identification. In total, 558 Aedes mosquitoes were captured, 28.1% (n = 157) predominantly infected by DENV in all departments. The serotypes with the highest frequency of infection were DENV-1 and DENV-2 with 10.7% (n = 58) and 14.5% (n = 81), respectively. Coinfections between serotypes represented 3.9% (n = 22). CHIKV infection was detected in one individual (0.2%), and ZIKV infections were not detected. All infected samples were identified as A. aegypti (100%). From the COI dataset (593 bp), high levels of haplotype diversity (H = 0.948 ± 0.012) and moderate nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0225 ± 0.003) were identified, suggesting recent population expansions. Constructed phylogenetic analyses showed our COI sequences’ association with lineage I, which was reported widespread and related to a West African conspecific. We conclude that natural infection in A. aegypti by arbovirus might reflect the country’s epidemiological behavior, with a higher incidence of serotypes DENV-1 and DENV-2, which may be associated with high seroprevalence and asymptomatic infections in humans. This study demonstrates the high susceptibility of this species to arbovirus infection and confirms that A. aegypti is the main vector in Colombia. The importance of including entomovirological surveillance strategy within public health systems to understand transmission dynamics and the potential risk to the population is highlighted herein.
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4
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Rodríguez-Aguilar ED, Martínez-Barnetche J, Juárez-Palma L, Alvarado-Delgado A, González-Bonilla CR, Rodríguez MH. Genetic diversity and spatiotemporal dynamics of DENV-1 and DENV-2 infections during the 2012-2013 outbreak in Mexico. Virology 2022; 573:141-150. [PMID: 35779336 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is caused by four related dengue virus serotypes, DENV-1 to DENV-4, where each serotype comprises distinct genotypes and lineages. The last major outbreak in Mexico occurred during 2012 and 2013, when 112,698 confirmed cases were reported (DENV-1 and DENV-2 were predominant). Following partial E, NS2A and NS5 gene sequencing, based on the virus genome variability, we analyzed 396 DENV-1 and 248 DENV-2 gene sequences from serum samples from dengue acute clinical cases from 13 Mexican states, Mutations were identified, and their genetic variability estimated, along with their evolutionary relationship with DENV sequences sampled globally. DENV-1 genotype V and DENV-2 Asian-American genotype V were the only genotypes circulating during the outbreak. Mutations in NS2A and NS5 proteins were widely disseminated and suggested local emergence of new lineages. Phylogeographic analysis suggested viral spread occurred from coastal regions, and tourist destinations, such as Yucatan and Quintana Roo, which played important roles in disseminating these lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo D Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, 62100, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Martínez-Barnetche
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, 62100, Mexico.
| | - Lilia Juárez-Palma
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, 62100, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Alvarado-Delgado
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, 62100, Mexico.
| | - Cesar R González-Bonilla
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Mario H Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, 62100, Mexico.
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5
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Nonyong P, Ekalaksananan T, Phanthanawiboon S, Aromseree S, Phadungsombat J, Nakayama EE, Shioda T, Sawaswong V, Payungporn S, Thaewnongiew K, Overgaard HJ, Bangs MJ, Alexander N, Pientong C. Dengue virus in humans and mosquitoes and their molecular characteristics in northeastern Thailand 2016-2018. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257460. [PMID: 34520486 PMCID: PMC8439490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is hyperendemic in most Southeast Asian countries including Thailand, where all four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 to -4) have circulated over different periods and regions. Despite dengue cases being annually reported in all regions of Thailand, there is limited data on the relationship of epidemic DENV infection between humans and mosquitoes, and about the dynamics of DENV during outbreaks in the northeastern region. The present study was conducted in this region to investigate the molecular epidemiology of DENV and explore the relationships of DENV infection in humans and in mosquitoes during 2016–2018. A total of 292 dengue suspected patients from 11 hospitals and 902 individual mosquitoes (at patient’s houses and neighboring houses) were recruited and investigated for DENV serotypes infection using PCR. A total of 103 patients and 149 individual mosquitoes were DENV -positive. Among patients, the predominant DENV serotypes in 2016 and 2018 were DENV-4 (74%) and DENV-3 (53%) respectively, whereas in 2017, DENV-1, -3 and -4 had similar prevalence (38%). Additionally, only 19% of DENV infections in humans and mosquitoes at surrounding houses were serotypically matched, while 81% of infections were serotypically mismatched, suggesting that mosquitoes outside the residence may be an important factor of endemic dengue transmission. Phylogenetic analyses based on envelope gene sequences showed the genotype I of both DENV-1 and DENV-4, and co-circulation of the Cosmopolitan and Asian I genotypes of DENV-2. These strains were closely related to concurrent strains in other parts of Thailand and also similar to strains in previous epidemiological profiles in Thailand and elsewhere in Southeast Asia. These findings highlight genomic data of DENV in this region and suggest that people’s movement in urban environments may result in mosquitoes far away from the residential area being key determinants of DENV epidemic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharaporn Nonyong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Sirinart Aromseree
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Phadungsombat
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Emi E Nakayama
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Vorthon Sawaswong
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kesorn Thaewnongiew
- Department of Disease Control, Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Region 7 Khon Kaen, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Hans J Overgaard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Michael J Bangs
- Public Health & Malaria Control, PT Freeport Indonesia/International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia.,Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Neal Alexander
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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6
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O'Connor O, Ou TP, Aubry F, Dabo S, Russet S, Girault D, In S, Minier M, Lequime S, Hoem T, Boyer S, Dussart P, Pocquet N, Burtet-Sarramegna V, Lambrechts L, Duong V, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M. Potential role of vector-mediated natural selection in dengue virus genotype/lineage replacements in two epidemiologically contrasted settings. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1346-1357. [PMID: 34139961 PMCID: PMC8259877 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1944789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) evolutionary dynamics are characterized by frequent DENV genotype/lineage replacements, potentially associated with changes in disease severity and human immunity. New Caledonia (NC) and Cambodia, two contrasted epidemiological settings, respectively experienced a DENV-1 genotype IV to I replacement in 2012 and a DENV-1 genotype I lineage 3–4 replacement in 2005–2007, both followed by a massive dengue outbreak. However, their underlying evolutionary drivers have not been elucidated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these genotype/lineage switches reflected a higher transmission fitness of the replacing DENV genotype/lineage in the mosquito vector using in vivo competition experiments. For this purpose, field-derived Aedes aegypti from NC and Cambodia were orally challenged with epidemiologically relevant pairs of four DENV-1 genotype I and IV strains from NC or four DENV-1 genotype I lineage 3 and 4 strains from Cambodia, respectively. The relative transmission fitness of each DENV-1 genotype/lineage was measured by quantitative RT–PCR for infection, dissemination, and transmission rates. Results showed a clear transmission fitness advantage of the replacing DENV-1 genotype I from NC within the vector. A similar but more subtle pattern was observed for the DENV-1 lineage 4 replacement in Cambodia. Our results support the hypothesis that vector-driven selection contributed to the DENV-1 genotype/lineage replacements in these two contrasted epidemiological settings, and reinforce the idea that natural selection taking place within the mosquito vector plays an important role in DENV short-term evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia O'Connor
- Dengue and Arboviruses Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Tey Putita Ou
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Fabien Aubry
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Dabo
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Russet
- Dengue and Arboviruses Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Dominique Girault
- Dengue and Arboviruses Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Saraden In
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Marine Minier
- Medical Entomology Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Sebastian Lequime
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Thavry Hoem
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sébastien Boyer
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nicolas Pocquet
- Medical Entomology Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Valérie Burtet-Sarramegna
- Institute For Exact and Applied Sciences, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Veasna Duong
- Medical Entomology Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- Dengue and Arboviruses Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
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