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Bánfai Z, Kövesdi E, Sümegi K, Büki G, Szabó A, Magyari L, Ádám V, Pálos F, Miseta A, Kásler M, Melegh B. Characterization of Danube Swabian population samples on a high-resolution genome-wide basis. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:9. [PMID: 36624381 PMCID: PMC9830925 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND German-derived ethnicities are one of the largest ethnic groups in Hungary, dating back to the formation of the Kingdom of Hungary, which took place at the beginning of the 11th century. Germans arrived in Hungary in many waves. The most significant immigration wave took place following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in East-Central Europe which closed the 150 year long Ottoman occupation. To date, there are no comprehensive genome-wide studies investigating the genetic makeup of the Danube Swabians. Here we analyzed 47 Danube Swabian samples collected from elderly Swabian individuals living in the Dunaszekcső-Bár area, in Danube side villages of Southwest Hungary. These Swabians, according to self-declaration, did not admix with other ethnic groups for 3-6 succeeding generations. Using Illumina Infinium 720 K Beadchip genotype data, we applied allele frequency-based and haplotype-based genome-wide marker data analyses to investigate the ancestry and genetic composition of the collected Danube Swabian samples. RESULTS Haplotype-based analyses like identity by descent segment analysis show that the investigated Danube Swabians possess significant German and other West European ancestry, but their Hungarian ancestry is also prominent. Our results suggest that their main source of ancestry can be traced back to Western Europe, presumably to the region of Germany. CONCLUSION This is the first analysis of Danube Swabian population samples based on genome-wide autosomal data. Our results establish the basis for conducting further comprehensive research on Danube Swabians and on other German ethnicities of the Carpathian basin, which can help reconstruct their origin, and identify their major archaic genomic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Bánfai
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary ,grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Kövesdi
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary ,grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Hungary, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Sümegi
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary ,grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary ,grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Büki
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary ,grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Szabó
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary ,grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lili Magyari
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary ,grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Valerián Ádám
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Pálos
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 13, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Kásler
- grid.419617.c0000 0001 0667 8064National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György u. 7-9, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Melegh
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary ,grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Sarno S, Boscolo Agostini R, De Fanti S, Ferri G, Ghirotto S, Modenini G, Pettener D, Boattini A. Y-chromosome variability and genetic history of Commons from Northern Italy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175:665-679. [PMID: 33969895 PMCID: PMC8360088 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Genetic drift and admixture are driving forces in human evolution, but their concerted impact to population evolution in historical times and at a micro‐geographic scale is poorly assessed. In this study we test a demographic model encompassing both admixture and drift to the case of social‐cultural isolates such as the so‐called “Commons.” Materials and methods Commons are peculiar institutions of medieval origins whose key feature is the tight relationship between population and territory, mediated by the collective property of shared resources. Here, we analyze the Y‐chromosomal genetic structure of four Commons (for a total of 366 samples) from the Central and Eastern Padana plain in Northern Italy. Results Our results reveal that all these groups exhibit patterns of significant diversity reduction, peripheral/outlier position within the Italian/European genetic space and high frequency of Common‐specific haplogroups. By explicitly testing different drift‐admixture models, we show that a drift‐only model is more probable for Central Padana Commons, while additional admixture (~20%) from external population around the same time of their foundation cannot be excluded for the Eastern ones. Discussion Building on these results, we suggest central Middle Ages as the most probable age of foundation for three of the considered Commons, the remaining one pointing to late antiquity. We conclude that an admixture‐drift model is particularly useful for interpreting the genetic structure and recent demographic history of small‐scale populations in which social‐cultural features play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sarno
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sara De Fanti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ferri
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghirotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Modenini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Pettener
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Boattini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Sarno S, Petrilli R, Abondio P, De Giovanni A, Boattini A, Sazzini M, De Fanti S, Cilli E, Ciani G, Gentilini D, Pettener D, Romeo G, Giuliani C, Luiselli D. Genetic history of Calabrian Greeks reveals ancient events and long term isolation in the Aspromonte area of Southern Italy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3045. [PMID: 33542324 PMCID: PMC7862261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Calabrian Greeks are an enigmatic population that have preserved and evolved a unique variety of language, Greco, survived in the isolated Aspromonte mountain area of Southern Italy. To understand their genetic ancestry and explore possible effects of geographic and cultural isolation, we genome-wide genotyped a large set of South Italian samples including both communities that still speak Greco nowadays and those that lost the use of this language earlier in time. Comparisons with modern and ancient populations highlighted ancient, long-lasting genetic links with Eastern Mediterranean and Caucasian/Near-Eastern groups as ancestral sources of Southern Italians. Our results suggest that the Aspromonte communities might be interpreted as genetically drifted remnants that departed from such ancient genetic background as a consequence of long-term isolation. Specific patterns of population structuring and higher levels of genetic drift were indeed observed in these populations, reflecting geographic isolation amplified by cultural differences in the groups that still conserve the Greco language. Isolation and drift also affected the current genetic differentiation at specific gene pathways, prompting for future genome-wide association studies aimed at exploring trait-related loci that have drifted up in frequency in these isolated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sarno
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosalba Petrilli
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Abondio
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea De Giovanni
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ,grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Alessio Boattini
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Sazzini
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ,grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara De Fanti
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ,grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cilli
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Graziella Ciani
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Gentilini
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy ,Italian Auxologic Institute IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Pettener
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- grid.412311.4Medical Genetics Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy ,European School of Genetic Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ,grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
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