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Fellhofer-Hofer J, Franz C, Vey JA, Kahlert C, Kalkum E, Mehrabi A, Halama N, Probst P, Klupp F. Chemokines as Prognostic Factor in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5374. [PMID: 38791414 PMCID: PMC11121014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines orchestrate many aspects of tumorigenic processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis and metastatic spread, and related receptors are expressed on tumor cells as well as on inflammatory cells (e.g., tumor-infiltrating T cells, TILs) in the tumor microenvironment. Expressional changes of chemokines and their receptors in solid cancers are common and well known, especially in affecting colorectal cancer patient outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this current systematic review and meta-analysis was to classify chemokines as a prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer patients. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL and Web of Science. Information on the chemokine expression of 25 chemokines in colorectal cancer tissue and survival data of the patients were investigated. The hazard ratio of overall survival and disease-free survival with chemokine expression was examined. The risk of bias was analyzed using Quality in Prognosis Studies. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to determine the impact on overall respectively disease survival. For this purpose, the pooled hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used for calculation. Twenty-five chemokines were included, and the search revealed 5556 publications. A total of thirty-one publications were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Overexpression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 was associated with both a significantly reduced overall survival (HR = 2.70, 95%-CI: 1.57 to 4.66, p = 0.0003) as well as disease-free survival (HR = 2.68, 95%-CI: 1.41 to 5.08, p = 0.0026). All other chemokines showed either heterogeneous results or few studies were available. The overall risk of bias for CXCR4 was rated low. At the current level of evidence, this study demonstrates that CXCR4 overexpression in patients with colorectal cancer is associated with a significantly diminished overall as well as disease-free survival. Summed up, this systematic review and meta-analysis reveals CXCR4 as a promising prognostic biomarker. Nevertheless, more evidence is needed to evaluate CXCR4 and its antagonists serving as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Fellhofer-Hofer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.F.-H.); (C.F.); (C.K.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Clemens Franz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.F.-H.); (C.F.); (C.K.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Johannes A. Vey
- Institute of Medical Biometry (IMBI), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130/3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.F.-H.); (C.F.); (C.K.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Eva Kalkum
- Study Center of the German Society of Surgery (SDGC), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130/3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.F.-H.); (C.F.); (C.K.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Niels Halama
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Medical Oncology and Internal Medicine VI, Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Department of Cancer Immunology & Cancer Immunotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pascal Probst
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.F.-H.); (C.F.); (C.K.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Pfaffenholzstrasse 4, 8501 Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Fee Klupp
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.F.-H.); (C.F.); (C.K.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
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Luo S, Cai S, Zhao R, Xu L, Zhang X, Gong X, Zhang Z, Liu Q. Comparison of left- and right-sided colorectal cancer to explore prognostic signatures related to pyroptosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28091. [PMID: 38571659 PMCID: PMC10987941 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and pyroptosis exerts an immunoregulatory role in CRC. Although the location of the primary tumor is a prognostic factor for patients with CRC, the mechanisms of pyroptosis in left- and right-sided CRC remain unclear. Methods Expression and clinical data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Differences in clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, and somatic mutations between left- and right-sided CRC were then compared. After screening for differentially expressed genes, Pearson correlation analysis was performed to select pyroptosis-related genes, followed by a gene set enrichment analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to construct and validate the prognostic model and nomogram for predicting prognosis. Collected left- and right-sided CRC samples were subjected to reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to validate the expression of key pyroptosis-related genes. Results Left- and right-sided CRC exhibited significant differences in clinical features and immune cell infiltration. Five prognostic signatures were identified from among 134 pyroptosis-related differentially expressed genes to construct a risk score-based prognostic model, and adverse outcomes for high-risk patients were further verified using an external cohort. A nomogram was also generated based on three independent prognostic factors to predict survival probabilities, while calibration curves confirmed the consistency between the predicted and actual survival. Experiment data confirmed the significant differential expression of five genes between left- and right-sided CRC. Conclusion The five identified pyroptosis-related gene signatures may be potential biomarkers for predicting prognosis in left- and right-sided CRC and may help improve the clinical outcomes of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibi Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
| | - Shenggang Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
| | - Xiaolei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650031, China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
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Wu C, Ma C, Yuan J, Zhou P. Exploration of potential therapeutic and prognostic value of CXC chemokines in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:8201-8222. [PMID: 34814296 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer, as the second most common female malignancy, brings a great health burden to women worldwide. Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) are the most common histological subtypes of cervical cancer. CXC chemokines (CXCLs) within the tumor microenvironment can modulate carcinogenesis and progression. The present study aimed to explore the therapeutic and prognostic value of different CXCLs in CESC. ONCOMINE, GEPIA, cBioPortal, TRRUST, GeneMANIA, STRING and TIMER were utilized to explore the expression, mutation and function of CXCLs in CESC, as well as their correlation with pathological and survival features of CESC patients. We found that the mRNA expression levels of CXCL1/8/9/10/11/13/16/17 in CESC were upregulated compared with normal cervical tissues, whereas CXCL12 was downregulated. No significant correlation was found between the expression levels and pathological stage of CESC patients. CESC patients with high expression of CXCL1/2/3/4/5/8 were significantly associated with poor overall survival, additionally, low mRNA level of CXCL3 was associated with better disease-free survival. Besides, a high mutation rate (43%) of CXCLs in CESC was observed. Depicted by co-expression analysis, the expression of CXCL1/2/3/6/8 showed a modest to strong correlation, while that of CXCL9/10/11/13 showed a very strong correlation. Differentially expressed CXCLs primarily functioned in chemokine signaling pathway and inflammation response, such as cell chemotaxis, chemokine activity and chemokine receptor binding. We also found the association of CXCLs with the tumor-infiltration of six types of immune cells (B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells) in CESC patients. The present study elucidated that CXCLs may have the potential to be novel therapeutic targets and prognosis predictors of CESC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
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Masouris I, Manz K, Pfirrmann M, Dreyling M, Angele B, Straube A, Langer S, Huber M, Koedel U, Von Baumgarten L. CXCL13 and CXCL9 CSF Levels in Central Nervous System Lymphoma-Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Prognostic Relevance. Front Neurol 2021; 12:654543. [PMID: 33841320 PMCID: PMC8032970 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.654543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diagnostic delay and neurologic deterioration are still a problem for the treatment of rapidly progressing CNS lymphoma (CNSL); there is an unmet need for a diagnostic test with a high diagnostic yield and limited risk, minimizing the time to the initiation of effective treatment. Methods: In this prospective monocentric study, we analyzed the utility of CXCL13 and CXCL9 as diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers for CNSL. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 155 consecutive patients admitted with brain lesions of various origins was collected. Levels of CXCL13 and CXCL9 were analyzed by ELISA. Additionally, CSF was analyzed during CNSL disease course (relapse, remission, progress) in 17 patients. Results: CXCL13 and CXCL9 CSF levels were significantly increased in patients with CNSL compared to control patients with lesions of other origin. Using logistic regression and a minimal-p-value approach, a cut-off value of 80 pg/ml for CXCL13 shows high sensitivity (90.7%) and specificity (90.1%) for the diagnosis of active CNSL. CXCL9 at a cut-off value of 84 pg/ml is less sensitive (61.5%) and specific (87.1%). Both cytokines correlate with the clinical course and response to therapy. Conclusions: Our results confirm the excellent diagnostic potential of CXCL13 and introduce CXCL9 as a novel albeit less powerful marker for PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Masouris
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsi Manz
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Pfirrmann
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dreyling
- Department of Medicine III, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Angele
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Straube
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid Langer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Huber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Koedel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Louisa Von Baumgarten
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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5
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Cao Y, Jiao N, Sun T, Ma Y, Zhang X, Chen H, Hong J, Zhang Y. CXCL11 Correlates With Antitumor Immunity and an Improved Prognosis in Colon Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646252. [PMID: 33777950 PMCID: PMC7991085 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine ligand C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11) is involved in the progression of various cancers, but its biological roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain confused. Therefore, the prognostic value and underlying mechanism of CXCL11 in CRC were preliminarily evaluated. Three independent datasets were used for mRNA-related analysis: one dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 451) and two single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO): GSE146771 and GSE132465. In addition, a colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patient cohort (the Yijishan Hospital cohort, YJSHC, n = 108) was utilized for analysis of cell infiltration by immunohistochemistry. We determined the distribution of CXCL11 in tumor tissue across all TCGA cancers and found that CXCL11 expression was significantly upregulated in both COAD and rectal adenocarcinoma (READ). However, the upregulation of CXCL11 mRNA was associated with a better prognosis in COAD, but not in READ. Within the YJSHC, the patients with a high abundance of intratumoral CXCL11+ cells had prolonged survival (p = 0.001). Furthermore, we found that the high CXCL11 expression group had a higher proportion of antitumor immune cells, and a lower proportion of protumor immune cells. Additionally, we discovered the changes of gene expression and enriched immune pathway network mediated by CXCL11. Interestingly, both cytotoxic genes (IFNG, GZMA, GZMB, GZMK, GZMM, and PRF1) and immunosuppressive molecules, including PD-L1, were positively correlated with CXCL11 expression. CXCL11, which promoted antitumor immunity to benefit survival, was identified as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanlin Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanru Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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6
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Peres LC, Townsend MK, Birmann BM, Conejo-Garcia JR, Kim Y, Kubzansky LD, Magpantay LI, Martinez-Maza O, Tworoger SS. Circulating Biomarkers of Inflammation and Ovarian Cancer Risk in the Nurses' Health Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:710-718. [PMID: 33563649 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is a well-established mechanism of ovarian carcinogenesis; however, the specific immunogenic processes influencing ovarian tumor development remain unclear. In a case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the NHSII, we examined the association between six inflammatory chemokines and cytokines [B-cell activating factor (BAFF), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), IL8, soluble(s)IL2-receptor-α(Rα), sIL6Rα] and epithelial ovarian cancer risk. METHODS Among 299 epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 334 matched controls, six inflammatory biomarkers were measured in plasma collected 1-24 years before diagnosis or index date using two custom multiplex Luminex panels. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for the association between each biomarker and risk using multivariable conditional logistic regression with adjustment for relevant confounders. We additionally assessed heterogeneity in the risk associations by histotype [high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) vs. non-HGSC], body mass index, smoking status, menopausal status, and aspirin use. RESULTS Women with the highest versus lowest quartile (Q) levels of CXCL13 had a 72% increased ovarian cancer risk (OR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.04-2.83; P trend = 0.007). The positive association with CXCL13 was stronger in magnitude for non-HGSC, overweight or obese women, and postmenopausal women, although only menopausal status demonstrated statistically significant heterogeneity (P interaction = 0.04). The remaining biomarkers were not associated with risk. CONCLUSIONS This first evidence that prediagnostic CXCL13, a B-cell chemoattractant, is associated with an increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancer expands current understanding of the role of inflammation in ovarian carcinogenesis. IMPACT CXCL13 may represent a novel biomarker for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Peres
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
| | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yongjoo Kim
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Larry I Magpantay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Otoniel Martinez-Maza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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7
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Comprehensive analysis of the expression and prognostic value of CXC chemokines in colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107077. [PMID: 33068862 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The C-X-C motif (CXC) chemokines play an important role in inflammatory processes and angiogenesis and are also associated with tumor development, progression and metastasis. They can be either promoting or inhibiting factors in colorectal cancers (CRC). The expression patterns and prognostic values of the CXC family still need further investigation. In this study, we investigated data related to transcription, translation, survival and tumor immune infiltration for CXC chemokines in patients with CRC from the ONCOMINE, GEPIA, cBioPortal, HPA and TIMER databases. We found that the expression levels of CXCL1-3, CXCL5, and CXCL8 were higher in CRC tissues than in colorectal tissues. Expression among stages significantly varied for CXCL1-3 and CXCL9-11. The survival analysis revealed that high transcriptional levels of CXCL4 and CXCL9-11 could serve as positive prognostic factors for patients with CRC. CXCL9-11 were highly associated with CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in the tumor immune infiltration analysis, indicating their role in the antitumor immune response. This study implies that CXCL1-3, CXCL5, and CXCL8 are important factors during CRC oncogenesis and that CXCL9-11 could be new biomarkers for the prognosis of CRC.
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8
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Li C, Deng H, Zhou Y, Ye Y, Zhao S, Liang S, Cai S, Lin J, Tang Y, Wu Y. Expression and clinical significance of CXC chemokines in the glioblastoma microenvironment. Life Sci 2020; 261:118486. [PMID: 32976881 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common subtype of brain cancer, encompassing 16% of all primary brain cancers. The prognosis of GBM is poor, with a 5-year-survial of approximately 5%. Increasing evidence has revealed that chemokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are often altered, thus affecting tumor proliferation and metastasis. METHOD Multi-omics and bioinformatics tools were utilized to clarify the role of CXC chemokine in GBM. RESULT Most CXC chemokines were found to be differentially regulated in GBM, which correlated with patient prognosis. CXC chemokines were found to activate cancer-related signaling pathways, thus affecting immune infiltration. Interestingly, this was found to be associated with drug resistance. Most CXC chemokines were significantly correlated with abundance of B cells, CD8+ cells and dendritic cells. Furthermore, somatic copy number alterations of CXC chemokines can inhibit dendritic cell infiltration. Moreover, CXCL1 was selected as a hub gene, and several kinase, miRNA and transcription factor targets of CXCL1 were identified. CONCLUSION our study provides novel insights into CXC chemokine expression and their role in the GBM microenvironment. These results are able to provide more data about prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Hanshun Deng
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Yuanshen Ye
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Shuizhen Zhao
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Shangnan Liang
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Jincai Lin
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Yaolong Tang
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China
| | - Yanyu Wu
- Department of neurosurgery, Maoming people's hospital, Maoming 515000, China.
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Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Pączek S, Mroczko P, Kulczyńska-Przybik A. The Significance of CXCL1 and CXCL8 as Well as Their Specific Receptors in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8435-8443. [PMID: 32982437 PMCID: PMC7501593 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s267176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, almost 2 million people develop colorectal cancer (CRC), which makes it the fourth most common malignancy worldwide. It is also estimated that approximately 48% of CRC patients will die from the disease. Thus, noninvasive and accurate methods for early detection and prevention of CRC are sorely needed. It is suggested that C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) and C-X-C motif ligand 8 (CXCL8) as well as their cognate receptors can mediate tumor growth, proliferation, survival, neoangiogenesis and metastasis of malignant cells, including CRC. However, little is known about the clinical significance of these proteins as potential biomarkers for CRC. Therefore, in our review, we performed a comprehensive literature search using the PubMed database to identify original articles that investigated whether CXCL1 and CXCL8 and their receptors play a role in CRC pathogenesis. In summary, our review highlighted the potential significance of CXCL1/CXCR2 and CXCL8/CXCR1,-2 in the diagnosis and progression of CRC as well as indicated their potential therapeutic significance. However, given the non-specific nature of analyzed chemokines and a small number of studies concerning the assessment of blood concentration of these proteins in CRC patients, investigations need to be continued in the future before selected chemokines could be established as biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Pączek
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Mroczko
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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10
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Westrich JA, Vermeer DW, Colbert PL, Spanos WC, Pyeon D. The multifarious roles of the chemokine CXCL14 in cancer progression and immune responses. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:794-806. [PMID: 32212206 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL14 is a highly conserved, homeostatic chemokine that is constitutively expressed in skin epithelia. Responsible for immune cell recruitment and maturation, as well as impacting epithelial cell motility, CXCL14 contributes to the establishment of immune surveillance within normal epithelial layers. Furthermore, CXCL14 is critical to upregulating major histocompatibility complex class I expression on tumor cells. Given these important roles, CXCL14 is often dysregulated in several types of carcinomas including cervical, colorectal, endometrial, and head and neck cancers. Its disruption has been shown to limit critical antitumor immune regulation and is correlated to poor patient prognosis. However, other studies have found that in certain cancers, namely pancreatic and some breast cancers, overexpression of stromal CXCL14 correlates with poor patient survival due to increased invasiveness. Contributing to the ambiguity CXCL14 plays in cancer is that the native CXCL14 receptor remains uncharacterized, although several candidate receptors have been proposed. Despite the complexity of CXCL14 functions, it remains clear that this chemokine is a key regulatory factor in cancer and represents a potential target for future cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Westrich
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel W Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Paul L Colbert
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - William C Spanos
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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