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Nascimento ALA, Guimarães AS, Rocha TDS, Goulart MOF, Xavier JDA, Santos JCC. Structural changes in hemoglobin and glycation. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 125:183-229. [PMID: 38997164 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a hemeprotein found inside erythrocytes and is crucial in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide in our bodies. In erythrocytes (Ery), the main energy source is glucose metabolized through glycolysis. However, a fraction of Hb can undergo glycation, in which a free amine group from the protein spontaneously binds to the carbonyl of glucose in the bloodstream, resulting in the formation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), widely used as a marker for diabetes. Glycation leads to structural and conformational changes, compromising the function of proteins, and is intensified in the event of hyperglycemia. The main changes in Hb include structural alterations to the heme group, compromising its main function (oxygen transport). In addition, amyloid aggregates can form, which are strongly related to diabetic complications and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this chapter discusses in vitro protocols for producing glycated Hb, as well as the main techniques and biophysical assays used to assess changes in the protein's structure before and after the glycation process. This more complete understanding of the effects of glycation on Hb is fundamental for understanding the complications associated with hyperglycemia and for developing more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Luise Alves Nascimento
- Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Ari Souza Guimarães
- Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Tauane Dos Santos Rocha
- Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Jadriane de Almeida Xavier
- Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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Liu JJ, Wang ZY, Jiang BB, Gao SQ, Lin YW. Protective effect of thymoquinone on glycation of human myoglobin induced by d-ribose. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127016. [PMID: 37741485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Nonenzymatic glycation and the subsequent accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in proteins are factors underlying long-term pathogenesis in diabetes. The study of protein glycation is crucial for elucidating their relationship with diabetes mellitus and related disorders. This study explores the interaction between d-ribose and human myoglobin (HMb), as well as the protective effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on glycation. A time-dependent in-vitro glycation study was performed to investigate the mechanism of d-ribose-induced structural interference of HMb in the absence and presence of TQ. Spectroscopic and proteomic analysis indicated that the presence of TQ significantly reduced the total amount of AGEs while maintaining structural characteristics of HMb. 14 glycated sites on HMb were further identified via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) after incubation with d-ribose for 12 h, predominantly interacting with lysine residues. TQ was found to disrupt this interaction, reducing the glycated sites from 14 to 12 sites and the percentage of glycated peptides from 26.50 % to 12.97 %. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in the degree of glycation at the same sites. In summary, our findings suggest that TQ has the potential to act as an anti-glycation agent and provide a comprehensive understanding underlying the inhibition mechanism of glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Hunan Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
| | - Zhan-Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bin-Bin Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shu-Qin Gao
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Antidiabetic Potential of Commonly Available Fruit Plants in Bangladesh: Updates on Prospective Phytochemicals and Their Reported MoAs. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248709. [PMID: 36557843 PMCID: PMC9782115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening disorder affecting people of all ages and adversely disrupts their daily functions. Despite the availability of numerous synthetic-antidiabetic medications and insulin, the demand for the development of novel antidiabetic medications is increasing due to the adverse effects and growth of resistance to commercial drugs in the long-term usage. Hence, antidiabetic phytochemicals isolated from fruit plants can be a very nifty option to develop life-saving novel antidiabetic therapeutics, employing several pathways and MoAs (mechanism of actions). This review focuses on the antidiabetic potential of commonly available Bangladeshi fruits and other plant parts, such as seeds, fruit peals, leaves, and roots, along with isolated phytochemicals from these phytosources based on lab findings and mechanism of actions. Several fruits, such as orange, lemon, amla, tamarind, and others, can produce remarkable antidiabetic actions and can be dietary alternatives to antidiabetic therapies. Besides, isolated phytochemicals from these plants, such as swertisin, quercetin, rutin, naringenin, and other prospective phytochemicals, also demonstrated their candidacy for further exploration to be established as antidiabetic leads. Thus, it can be considered that fruits are one of the most valuable gifts of plants packed with a wide spectrum of bioactive phytochemicals and are widely consumed as dietary items and medicinal therapies in different civilizations and cultures. This review will provide a better understanding of diabetes management by consuming fruits and other plant parts as well as deliver innovative hints for the researchers to develop novel drugs from these plant parts and/or their phytochemicals.
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Molecular insight into the antiglycating and antiaggregating potential of ferulic acid with BSA. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Alam S, Sarker MMR, Sultana TN, Chowdhury MNR, Rashid MA, Chaity NI, Zhao C, Xiao J, Hafez EE, Khan SA, Mohamed IN. Antidiabetic Phytochemicals From Medicinal Plants: Prospective Candidates for New Drug Discovery and Development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:800714. [PMID: 35282429 PMCID: PMC8907382 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.800714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic physiological dysfunction affecting people of different age groups and severely impairs the harmony of peoples' normal life worldwide. Despite the availability of insulin preparations and several synthetic oral antidiabetic drugs, there is a crucial need for the discovery and development of novel antidiabetic drugs because of the development of resistance and side effects of those drugs in long-term use. On the contrary, plants or herbal sources are getting popular day by day to the scientists, researchers, and pharmaceutical companies all over the world to search for potential bioactive compound(s) for the discovery and development of targeted novel antidiabetic drugs that may control diabetes with the least unwanted effects of conventional antidiabetic drugs. In this review, we have presented the prospective candidates comprised of either isolated phytochemical(s) and/or extract(s) containing bioactive phytoconstituents which have been reported in several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies possessing noteworthy antidiabetic potential. The mode of actions, attributed to antidiabetic activities of the reported phytochemicals and/or plant extracts have also been described to focus on the prospective phytochemicals and phytosources for further studies in the discovery and development of novel antidiabetic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaet Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Med Science Research Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-0608; Isa Naina Mohamed, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-8891-2423
| | | | | | - Mohammad A. Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Elsayed E. Hafez
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI (Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science & Technology, Muscat, Oman
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Pharmacology Department, Medicine Faculty, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (The National University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-0608; Isa Naina Mohamed, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-8891-2423
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Bronowicka-Szydełko A, Krzystek-Korpacka M, Gacka M, Pietkiewicz J, Jakobsche-Policht U, Gamian A. Association of Novel Advanced Glycation End-Product (AGE10) with Complications of Diabetes as Measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194499. [PMID: 34640517 PMCID: PMC8509253 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) contribute to vascular complications and organ damage in diabetes. The unique AGE epitope (AGE10) has recently been identified in human serum using synthetic melibiose-derived AGE (MAGE). We aimed at developing ELISA for AGE10 quantification, determining whether AGE10 is present in diabetic patients (n = 82), and evaluating its association with diabetic complications. In a competitive ELISA developed, the reaction of synthetic MAGE with anti-MAGE was inhibited by physiological AGE10 present in serum. In this assay, new murine IgE anti-MAGE monoclonal antibodies, which do not recognize conventional AGEs, a synthetic MAGE used to coat the plate, and LMW-MAGE (low molecular mass MAGE) necessary to plot a standard curve were used. AGE10 was significantly higher in patients with microangiopathy, in whom it depended on treatment, being lower in patients treated with aspirin. AGE10 levels were positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and negatively with creatinine. As a marker of stage ≥3 chronic kidney disease or microangiopathy, AGE10 displayed moderate overall accuracy (respectively, 69% and 71%) and good sensitivity (82.6% and 83.3%) but poor specificity (58.1% and 57.8%). In conclusion, newly developed immunoassay allows for AGE10 quantification. AGE10 elevation is associated with microangiopathy while its decrease accompanies stage ≥3 chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bronowicka-Szydełko
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.K.-K.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.K.-K.); (J.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Gacka
- Department of Angiology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (U.J.-P.)
| | - Jadwiga Pietkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.K.-K.); (J.P.)
| | - Urszula Jakobsche-Policht
- Department of Angiology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (U.J.-P.)
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Liu JJ, You Y, Gao SQ, Tang S, Chen L, Wen GB, Lin YW. Identification of the Protein Glycation Sites in Human Myoglobin as Rapidly Induced by d-Ribose. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195829. [PMID: 34641382 PMCID: PMC8512392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycation is an important protein post-translational modification and is one of the main pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy. Other than glycated hemoglobin, the protein glycation of other globins such as myoglobin (Mb) is less studied. The protein glycation of human Mb with ribose has not been reported, and the glycation sites in the Mb remain unknown. This article reports that d-ribose undergoes rapid protein glycation of human myoglobin (HMb) at lysine residues (K34, K87, K56, and K147) on the protein surface, as identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Moreover, glycation by d-ribose at these sites slightly decreased the rate of the met heme (FeIII) in reaction with H2O2 to form a ferryl heme (FeIV=O). This study provides valuable insight into the protein glycation by d-ribose and provides a foundation for studying the structure and function of glycated heme proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (J.-J.L.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Yong You
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (Y.Y.); (S.-Q.G.); (G.-B.W.)
| | - Shu-Qin Gao
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (Y.Y.); (S.-Q.G.); (G.-B.W.)
| | - Shuai Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (J.-J.L.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (J.-J.L.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Ge-Bo Wen
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (Y.Y.); (S.-Q.G.); (G.-B.W.)
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (J.-J.L.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (Y.Y.); (S.-Q.G.); (G.-B.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-734-8282375
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The concept of protein folding/unfolding and its impacts on human health. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34090616 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Proteins have evolved in specific 3D structures and play different functions in cells and determine various reactions and pathways. The newly synthesized amino acid chains once depart ribosome must crumple into three-dimensional structures so can be biologically active. This process of protein that makes a functional molecule is called protein folding. The protein folding is both a biological and a physicochemical process that depends on the sequence of it. In fact, this process occurs more complicated and in some cases and in exposure to some molecules like glucose (glycation), mistaken folding leads to amyloid structures and fatal disorders called conformational diseases. Such conditions are detected by the quality control system of the cell and these abnormal proteins undergo renovation or degradation. This scenario takes place by the chaperones, chaperonins, and Ubiquitin-proteasome complex. Understanding of protein folding mechanisms from different views including experimental and computational approaches has revealed some intermediate ensembles such as molten globule and has been subjected to biophysical and molecular biology attempts to know more about prevalent conformational diseases.
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de Magalhães Silva M, de Araújo Dantas MD, da Silva Filho RC, Dos Santos Sales MV, de Almeida Xavier J, Leite ACR, Goulart MOF, Grillo LAM, de Barros WA, de Fátima Â, Figueiredo IM, Santos JCC. Toxicity of thimerosal in biological systems: Conformational changes in human hemoglobin, decrease of oxygen binding capacity, increase of protein glycation and amyloid's formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:661-671. [PMID: 32198046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thimerosal (TH), an organomercurial compound, is used as a preservative in vaccines and cosmetics. Its interaction with human hemoglobin (Hb) was investigated under physiological conditions using biophysical and biological assays, aiming to evaluate hazardous effects. TH interacts spontaneously with Hb (stoichiometry 2:1, ligand-protein), preferably by electrostatic forces, with a binding constant of 1.41 × 106 M-1. Spectroscopic data allows to proposing that TH induces structural changes in Hg, through ethylmercury transfer to human Hb-Cys93 residues, forming thiosalicylic acid, which, in turn, interacts with the positive side of the amino acid in the Hb-HgEt adduct chain. As a consequence, inhibition of Hb-O2 binding capacity up to 72% (human Hb), and 50% (human erythrocytes), was verified. Dose-dependent induction of TH forming advanced glycation end products (AGE) and protein aggregates (amyloids) was additionally observed. Finally, these results highlight the toxic potential of the use of TH in biological systems, with a consequent risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Magalhães Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Maria Dayanne de Araújo Dantas
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Correia da Silva Filho
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Dos Santos Sales
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Jadriane de Almeida Xavier
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina Rezende Leite
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Wellington Alves de Barros
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isis Martins Figueiredo
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Josué Carinhanha Caldas Santos
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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