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Willen BD, Salari K, Zureick AH, Lang D, Ye H, Marvin K, Nandalur SR, Krauss DJ. High-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy versus as boost in unfavorable intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer: A matched-pair analysis. Brachytherapy 2023; 22:571-579. [PMID: 37328337 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy (HDR-M), or as a boost combined with external beam radiotherapy (HDR-B), are both suitable treatments for intermediate-risk prostate cancer. However, data directly comparing these two approaches for men with unfavorable intermediate-risk (UIR) patients are lacking. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with NCCN-defined UIR prostate cancer treated from 1997 to 2020 were identified in a prospectively maintained, single institution database. HDR-M and HDR-B patients were matched using three factors: age ±3 years; Gleason score (major and minor); and clinical T stage. Biochemical failure was defined as PSA nadir (nPSA) + 2. Available acute and chronic toxicities are additionally reported. RESULTS A total of 247 patients were identified (170 receiving HDR-B, 77 receiving HDR-M), ultimately yielding 70 matched pairs (140 patients) for inclusion. The median followup time was 5.2 years for HDR-M compared with 9.3 years for HDR-B (p < 0.001). The two cohorts had similar calculated prostate EQD2 (HDR-B 118 Gy vs. HDR-M 115 Gy, p = 0.977). No significant differences in OS, CSS, DM, LRR, or FFBF were identified. HDR-B had an increased rate of any acute grade 2+ gastrointestinal toxicity and worse acute dysuria and diarrhea. Chronic gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity was similar. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that HDR brachytherapy as monotherapy is an effective treatment option for selected patients with unfavorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer and provides a more favorable gastrointestinal toxicity profile than HDR-B. Prospective trials should be conducted to refine the selection process for this heterogeneous cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Willen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI.
| | - Kamran Salari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Andrew H Zureick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Doyle Lang
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Kimberly Marvin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Sirisha R Nandalur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital-Troy, Sterling Heights, MI
| | - Daniel J Krauss
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
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Hyperoside alleviates toxicity of β-amyloid via endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial calcium signal transduction cascade in APP/PS1 double transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102637. [PMID: 36821955 PMCID: PMC9975698 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive function. The β-amyloid (Aβ) hypothesis suggests that Aβ peptides can spontaneously aggregate into β-fragment-containing oligomers and protofibrils, and this activation of the amyloid pathway alters Ca2+ signaling in neurons, leading to neurotoxicity and thus apoptosis of neuronal cells. In our study, a blood-brain barrier crossing flavonol glycoside hyperoside was identified with anti-Aβ aggregation, BACE inhibitory, and neuroprotective effect in cellular or APP/PSEN1 double transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice model. While our pharmacokinetic data confirmed that intranasal administration of hyperoside resulted in a higher bio-availability in mice brain, further in vivo studies revealed that it improved motor deficit, spatial memory and learning ability of APP/PSEN1 mice with reducing level of Aβ plaques and GFAP in the cortex and hippocampus. Bioinformatics, computational docking and in vitro assay results suggested that hyperoside bind to Aβ and interacted with ryanodine receptors, then regulated cellular apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) signaling pathway. Consistently, it was confirmed that hyperoside increased Bcl2, decreased Bax and cyto-c protein levels, and ameliorated neuronal cell death in both in vitro and in vivo model. By regulating Aβ-induced cell death via regulation on Ca2+ signaling cascade and mitochondrial membrane potential, our study suggested that hyperoside may work as a potential therapeutic agent or preventive remedy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Wegener E, Samuels J, Sidhom M, Trada Y, Sridharan S, Dickson S, McLeod N, Martin JM. Virtual HDR Boost for Prostate Cancer: Rebooting a Classic Treatment Using Modern Tech. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072018. [PMID: 37046680 PMCID: PMC10093761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common malignancy in men. Internal radiotherapy (brachytherapy) has been used to treat PC successfully for over a century. In particular, there is level-one evidence of the benefits of using brachytherapy to escalate the dose of radiotherapy compared with standard external beam radiotherapy approaches. However, the use of PC brachytherapy is declining, despite strong evidence for its improved cancer outcomes. A method using external beam radiotherapy known as virtual high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost (vHDRB) aims to noninvasively mimic a brachytherapy boost radiation dose plan. In this review, we consider the evidence supporting brachytherapy boosts for PC and the continuing evolution of vHDRB approaches, culminating in the current generation of clinical trials, which will help define the role of this emerging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wegener
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
- GenesisCare, Maitland, NSW 2323, Australia
- GenesisCare, Gateshead, NSW 2290, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Justin Samuels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Mark Sidhom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Yuvnik Trada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Swetha Sridharan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
- GenesisCare, Gateshead, NSW 2290, Australia
| | - Samuel Dickson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Nicholas McLeod
- Department of Urology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Jarad M. Martin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
- GenesisCare, Maitland, NSW 2323, Australia
- GenesisCare, Gateshead, NSW 2290, Australia
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Moll M, Renner A, Kirisits C, Paschen C, Zaharie A, Goldner G. Comparison of EBRT and I-125 seed brachytherapy concerning outcome in intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 2021; 197:986-992. [PMID: 34351453 PMCID: PMC8547207 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-021-01815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study's objective was the comparison of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and I‑125 seed brachytherapy regarding clinical outcome and development of side effects. PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 462 localized intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients treated between 2000 and 2019 at our department using either I‑125 seed brachytherapy or EBRT with a dose of 74 or 78 Gy were included: 297 patients were treated with EBRT and 165 with seeds. Biochemical no evidence of disease (bNED) rates according to Phoenix definition as well as late gastrointestinal and urogenital side effects (EORTC/RTOG) were assessed. RESULTS Patients were followed up yearly with a median follow-up of 54 (3-192) months. Observed bNED rates for 74 Gy, 78 Gy and seeds were 87, 92, and 88% after 5 years and 71, 85, and 76% after 9 years, respectively. No significant differences were found comparing seeds with 74 Gy (p = 0.81) and 78 Gy (p = 0.19), as well as between 74 and 78 Gy (p = 0.32). Concerning gastrointestinal side effects, EBRT showed significantly higher rates of RTOG grade ≥ 2 toxicity compared to seeds, but at no point of the follow-up more than 10% of all patients. However, genitourinary side effects were significantly more prevalent in patients treated with seeds, with 33% RTOG grade ≥ 2 toxicity 12 months after treatment. Nevertheless, both types of side effects decreased over time. CONCLUSION Favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients can be treated either by external beam radiotherapy (74/78 Gy) or permanent interstitial seed brachytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Moll
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas Renner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Kirisits
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Paschen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandru Zaharie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Goldner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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