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Hatch JM, Murray KT, Patel S, Smolowitz R, Haas HL. Evaluating simple measures of spatial-temporal overlap as a proxy for encounter risk between a protected species and commercial fishery. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2023.1118418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial and temporal assessments of overlap are becoming increasingly popular as indicators of encounter risk. The overlap in distributions between protected species and commercial fishing effort is of interest for reducing bycatch. We explored overlap between the U.S. Atlantic sea scallop fishery and loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) using 2 metrics, and we assessed the ability of one of those metrics to track estimated fishery interactions over time. Moderate overlap occurred between June - September; mild overlap in the spring (May) and fall (October - November); and relatively little overlap from December to April. Qualitatively, there appeared to be some correspondence between the overlap values averaged across months for each calendar year and published annual loggerhead interaction estimates with fisheries, but the predictive performance of the overlap metric was low. When data on the relative distributions of commercial fishing effort and protected species are available, simple measures of spatial and temporal overlap can provide a quick and cost-effective way to identify when and where bycatch is likely to occur. In this case study, however, overlap was limited in helping to understand the relative susceptibility of protected species to commercial fishing (i.e., magnitude of interactions). We therefore caution against using overlap as a meaningful predictor of absolute risk unless there is direct evidence to suggest a relationship.
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Reid K, Baker GB, Woehler EJ. An ecological risk assessment for the impacts of offshore wind farms on birds in Australia. AUSTRAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Reid
- Ross Analytics Pty Ltd Bonnet Hill Tasmania Australia
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - G. Barry Baker
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Latitude 42 Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd Kettering Tasmania Australia
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Stenhouse IJ, Berlin AM, Gilbert AT, Goodale MW, Gray CE, Montevecchi WA, Savoy L, Spiegel CS. Assessing the exposure of three diving bird species to offshore wind areas on the U.S. Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf using satellite telemetry. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia M. Berlin
- Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey Laurel MD USA
| | | | | | - Carrie E. Gray
- School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine Orono ME USA
| | | | - Lucas Savoy
- Biodiversity Research Institute Portland ME USA
| | - Caleb S. Spiegel
- Division of Migratory Birds U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Hadley MA USA
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Reese A, Voigt N, Zimmermann T, Irrgeher J, Pröfrock D. Characterization of alloying components in galvanic anodes as potential environmental tracers for heavy metal emissions from offshore wind structures. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127182. [PMID: 32534293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of offshore constructions on the marine environment is unknown in many aspects. The application of Al- and Zn-based galvanic anodes as corrosion protection results in the continuous emission of inorganic matter (e.g. >80 kg Al-anode material per monopile foundation and year) into the marine environment. To identify tracers for emissions from offshore wind structures, anode materials (Al-based and Zn-based) were characterized for their elemental and isotopic composition. An acid digestion and analysis method for Al and Zn alloys was adapted and validated using the alloy CRMs ERM®-EB317 (AlZn6CuMgZr) and ERM®-EB602 (ZnAl4Cu1). Digests were measured for their elemental composition by ICP-MS/MS and for their Pb isotope ratios by MC ICP-MS. Ga and In were identified as potential tracers. Moreover, a combined tracer approach of the elements Al, Zn, Ga, Cd, In and Pb together with Pb isotope ratios is suggested for a reliable identification of offshore-wind-farm-induced emissions. In the Al anodes, the mass fractions were found to be >94.4% of Al, >26200 mg kg-1 of Zn, >78.5 mg kg-1 of Ga, >0.255 mg kg-1 of Cd, >143 mg kg-1 of In and >6.7 mg kg-1 of Pb. The Zn anodes showed mass fractions of >2160 mg kg-1 of Al, >94.5% of Zn, >1.31 mg kg-1 of Ga, >254 mg kg-1 of Cd, >0.019 mg kg-1 of In and >14.1 mg kg-1 of Pb. The n(208Pb)/n(206Pb) isotope ratios in Al anodes range from 2.0619 to 2.0723, whereas Zn anodes feature n(208Pb)/n(206Pb) isotope ratios ranging from 2.0927 to 2.1263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reese
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department Marine Bioanalytical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany; Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Voigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department Marine Bioanalytical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany; Technische Hochschule Lübeck, Department of Applied Natural Sciences, Mönkhofer Weg 239, D-23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tristan Zimmermann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department Marine Bioanalytical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Johanna Irrgeher
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department Marine Bioanalytical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany; Montanuniversität Leoben, Department of General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Franz Josef-Straße 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria; University of Calgary, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Daniel Pröfrock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department Marine Bioanalytical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
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