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Petit P, Gondard E, Gandon G, Moreaud O, Sauvée M, Bonneterre V. Agricultural activities and risk of Alzheimer's disease: the TRACTOR project, a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:271-287. [PMID: 38195954 PMCID: PMC10995077 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Data regarding Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurrence in farming populations is lacking. This study aimed to investigate whether, among the entire French farm manager (FM) workforce, certain agricultural activities are more strongly associated with AD than others, using nationwide data from the TRACTOR (Tracking and monitoring occupational risks in agriculture) project. Administrative health insurance data (digital electronic health/medical records and insurance claims) for the entire French agricultural workforce, over the period 2002-2016, on the entire mainland France were used to estimate the risk of AD for 26 agricultural activities with Cox proportional hazards model. For each analysis (one for each activity), the exposed group included all FMs that performed the activity of interest (e.g. crop farming), while the reference group included all FMs who did not carry out the activity of interest (e.g. FMs that never farmed crops between 2002 and 2016). There were 5067 cases among 1,036,069 FMs who worked at least one year between 2002 and 2016. Analyses showed higher risks of AD for crop farming (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.72 [3.47-3.98]), viticulture (HR = 1.29 [1.18-1.42]), and fruit arboriculture (HR = 1.36 [1.15-1.62]). By contrast, lower risks of AD were found for several animal farming types, in particular for poultry and rabbit farming (HR = 0.29 [0.20-0.44]), ovine and caprine farming (HR = 0.50 [0.41-0.61]), mixed dairy and cow farming (HR = 0.46 [0.37-0.57]), dairy farming (HR = 0.67 [0.61-0.73]), and pig farming (HR = 0.30 [0.18-0.52]). This study shed some light on the association between a wide range of agricultural activities and AD in the entire French FMs population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Petit
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- AGEIS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Elise Gondard
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gérald Gandon
- Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Moreaud
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, UMR 5105, CNRS, LPNC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Sauvée
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, UMR 5105, CNRS, LPNC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Bonneterre
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Huang C, Li J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Tang Q, Lv X, Ruan M, Deng K. Investigation of brain iron levels in Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1168845. [PMID: 37284016 PMCID: PMC10239950 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1168845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed (i) to explore the diagnostic value of deep gray matter magnetic susceptibility in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in China and (ii) to analyze its correlation with neuropsychiatric scales. Moreover, we conducted subgroup analysis based on the presence of the APOE-ε4 gene to improve the diagnosis of AD. Methods From the prospective studies of the China Aging and Neurodegenerative Initiative (CANDI), a total of 93 subjects who could undergo complete quantitative magnetic susceptibility imaging and APOE-ε4 gene detection were selected. Differences in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) values between and within groups, including AD patients, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls (HCs), both APOE-ε4 carriers and non-carriers, were analyzed. Results In primary analysis, the magnetic susceptibility values of the bilateral caudate nucleus and right putamen in the AD group and of the right caudate nucleus in the MCI group were significantly higher than those in the HCs group (P < 0.05). In APOE-ε4 non-carriers, there were significant differences in more regions between the AD, MCI, and HCs groups, such as the left putamen and the right globus pallidus (P < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, the correlation between QSM values in some brain regions and neuropsychiatric scales was even stronger. Discussion Exploration of the correlation between deep gray matter iron levels and AD may provide insight into the pathogenesis of AD and facilitate early diagnosis in elderly Chinese. Further subgroup analysis based on the presence of the APOE-ε4 gene may further improve the diagnostic efficiency and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
- Fuyang Hospital of TCM, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | | | - Qiqiang Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyi Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyue Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Kexue Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
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Masala C, Solla P, Loy F. Gender-Related Differences in the Correlation between Odor Threshold, Discrimination, Identification, and Cognitive Reserve Index in Healthy Subjects. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040586. [PMID: 37106786 PMCID: PMC10136322 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies suggested that olfactory function could be associated with semantic memory, executive function, and verbal fluency. However, the gender-related association between olfactory function and the cognitive domain is not well investigated. The aim of this study was to estimate gender-related differences in the relationship between olfactory function and each specific cognitive domain of the Cognitive Reserve Index (CRI) questionnaire, such as education, working activity, and leisure time in healthy subjects. METHODS Two hundred and sixty-nine participants were recruited (158 women and 111 men), with a mean age of 48.1 ± 18.6 years. The CRI questionnaire and Sniffin' Sticks test were used to evaluate the cognitive reserve and the olfactory function, respectively. RESULTS In all subjects, significant associations between the odor threshold versus CRI-Education, between the odor discrimina-tion and identification versus CRI-Working activity and CRI-Leisure Time, were found. In women, odor threshold, discrimination, and identification were associated with CRI-Leisure Time, while in men, only a significant association between odor threshold and CRI-Education was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data, showing significant gender-related associations between olfactory function and CRI scores, suggested the use of olfactory evaluation and cognitive reserve as an important screening tool for the early detection of mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Masala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, SP8 Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Solla
- Department of Neurology, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 10, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Loy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, SP8 Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
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Sacco S, Falquero S, Bouis C, Akkaya M, Gallard J, Pichot A, Radice G, Bazin F, Montestruc F, Hiance-Delahaye A, Rebillat AS. Modified cued recall test in the French population with Down syndrome: A retrospective medical records analysis. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2022; 66:690-703. [PMID: 35726628 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to genetic predisposition. Identification of patients with AD is difficult since intellectual disabilities (ID) may confound diagnosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the French version of the modified cued recall test (mCRT) to distinguish between subjects with and without AD in the adult DS population. METHODS This was a retrospective, single-centre, medical records study including data between March 2014 and July 2020. Adults aged ≥30 years with DS who had at least one mCRT record available were eligible. Age, sex and ID level were extracted, and subjects were attributed to three groups: patients with AD, patients with co-occurring conditions that may impact cognitive function and subjects without AD. mCRT scores, adjusted by sex, age and ID level, were compared between groups. The optimal cut-off value to distinguish between patients with and without AD was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The impact of age and ID level on mCRT scores was assessed. RESULTS Overall, 194 patients with DS were included: 12 patients with AD, 94 patients with co-occurring conditions and 88 healthy subjects. Total recall scores were significantly lower (P < 0.0001) in patients with AD compared with healthy subjects. The optimal cut-off value to discriminate between patients with AD and healthy subjects was 22, which compares well with the cut-off value of 23 originally reported for the English version of the mCRT. Patients aged 30-44 years had higher mCRT total recall scores compared with patients aged ≥45 years (P = 0.0221). Similarly, patients with mild ID had higher mCRT scores compared with patients with severe ID (P < 0.0001). INTERPRETATION The mCRT is a sensitive tool that may help in the clinical diagnosis of AD in subjects with DS. Early recognition of AD is paramount to deliver appropriate interventions to this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sacco
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | | | - C Bouis
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - M Akkaya
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - J Gallard
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - A Pichot
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - G Radice
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - F Bazin
- Department of Statistics, eXYSTAT, Paris, France
| | - F Montestruc
- Department of Statistics, eXYSTAT, Paris, France
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Tang Y, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Miller Y, Gong K, Zheng J. Cross-seeding between Aβ and SEVI indicates a pathogenic link and gender difference between alzheimer diseases and AIDS. Commun Biol 2022; 5:417. [PMID: 35513705 PMCID: PMC9072343 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) and semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI) are considered as the two causative proteins for central pathogenic cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and HIV/AIDS, respectively. Separately, Aβ-AD and SEVI-HIV/AIDS systems have been studied extensively both in fundamental research and in clinical trials. Despite significant differences between Aβ-AD and SEVI-HIV/AIDS systems, they share some commonalities on amyloid and antimicrobial characteristics between Aβ and SEVI, there are apparent overlaps in dysfunctional neurological symptoms between AD and HIV/AIDS. Few studies have reported a potential pathological link between Aβ-AD and SEVI-HIV/AIDS at a protein level. Here, we demonstrate the cross-seeding interactions between Aβ and SEVI proteins using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Cross-seeding of SEVI with Aβ enabled to completely prevent Aβ aggregation at sub-stoichiometric concentrations, disaggregate preformed Aβ fibrils, reduce Aβ-induced cell toxicity, and attenuate Aβ-accumulated paralysis in transgenic AD C. elegans. This work describes a potential crosstalk between AD and HIV/AIDS via the cross-seeding between Aβ and SEVI, identifies SEVI as Aβ inhibitor for possible treatment or prevention of AD, and explains the role of SEVI in the gender difference in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Tang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 44325, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 44325, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Yanxian Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 44325, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Yonglan Liu
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 44325, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry Ben-Gurion, University of the Negev, 84105, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Keven Gong
- Western Reserve Academy, Hudson, 44236, OH, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 44325, Akron, OH, USA.
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Effect of Resveratrol Combined with Donepezil Hydrochloride on Inflammatory Factor Level and Cognitive Function Level of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:9148650. [PMID: 35368930 PMCID: PMC8975642 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9148650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of resveratrol (RES) combined with donepezil hydrochloride on inflammatory factor level and cognitive function level of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods A total of 90 AD patients treated in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected as the study objects and divided into the control group (CG) and experimental group (EG) by the randomized and double-blind method, with 45 cases each. Patients in CG received donepezil hydrochloride treatment, and on this basis, those in EG received additional RES treatment, so as to compare the clinical indicators between the two groups. Results Compared with CG after treatment, EG obtained significantly higher good rate, MMSE score, and FIM score (P < 0.05) and obviously lower clinical indicators and ADAS-cog score (P < 0.001), and between CG and EG, no obvious difference in total incidence rate of adverse reactions was observed after treatment (P > 0.05). Conclusion Combining RES with donepezil hydrochloride has significant clinical efficacy in treating AD, which can effectively improve patients' inflammatory factor indicators, promote their cognitive function, and facilitate patient prognosis.
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Subramaniapillai S, Rajagopal S, Snytte J, Otto AR, Einstein G, Rajah MN. Sex differences in brain aging among adults with family history of Alzheimer's disease and APOE4 genetic risk. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 30:102620. [PMID: 33857772 PMCID: PMC8065341 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk factors may differentially contribute to disease trajectory in women than men. Determining the effect of AD risk factors on brain aging in women, compared to men, is critical for understanding whether there are sex differences in the pathways towards AD in cognitively intact but at-risk adults. Brain Age Gap (BAG) is a concept used increasingly as a measure of brain health; BAG is defined as the difference between predicted age (based on structural MRI) and chronological age, with negative values reflecting preserved brain health with age. Using BAG, we investigated whether there were sex differences in the brain effects of AD risk factors (i.e., family history of AD, and carrying an apolipoprotein E ε4 allele [+APOE4]) in cognitively intact adults, and if this relationship was moderated by modifiable factors (i.e. body mass index [BMI], blood pressure and physical activity). We undertook a cross-sectional study of structural MRIs from 1067 cognitively normal adults across four neuroimaging datasets. An elastic net regression model found that women with a family history of AD and +APOE4 genotype had more advanced brain aging than their male counterparts. In a sub-cohort of women with those risk factors, higher BMI was associated with less brain aging whereas lower BMI was not. In a sub-cohort of women and men with +APOE4, engaging in physical activity was more beneficial to men's brain aging than women's. Our results demonstrate that AD risk factors are associated with greater brain aging in women than men, although there may be more unexplored modifiable factors that influence this relationship. These findings suggest that the complex interplay between unmodifiable and modifiable AD risk factors can potentially protect against brain aging in women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaniya Subramaniapillai
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada; Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Sricharana Rajagopal
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Jamie Snytte
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada; Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - A Ross Otto
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Gillian Einstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, 3560 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada; Tema Genus, Linköping University, TEMA-huset, Entrance 37, Room E433, Campus Valla, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
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Subramaniapillai S, Almey A, Natasha Rajah M, Einstein G. Sex and gender differences in cognitive and brain reserve: Implications for Alzheimer's disease in women. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 60:100879. [PMID: 33137359 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Women represent ⅔ of the cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current research has focused on differential risks to explain higher rates of AD in women. However, factors that reduce risk for AD, like cognitive/brain reserve, are less well explored. We asked: what is known about sex and gender differences in how reserve mitigates risk for AD? We conducted a narrative review of the literature, with keywords: "sex/gender differences", "cognitive/brain reserve", "Alzheimer's Disease", and the following cognitive reserve contributors: "education", "IQ", "occupation", "cognitive stimulation", "bilingualism", "socioeconomic status", "physical activity", "social support". Sixteen papers disaggregated their data by sex. Those papers observed sex and gender differences in reserve contributors. There is also evidence that greater reserve may be more beneficial in lowering AD risk in women, although more research is needed. We discuss how traditional reserve contributors are gendered and may not capture factors that support cognition in aging women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaniya Subramaniapillai
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada; Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Anne Almey
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Gillian Einstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, 3560 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada; Tema Genus, Linköping University, TEMA-huset, Entrance 37, Room E433, Campus Valla, Linköping, Sweden
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A nation-wide initiative for brain imaging and clinical phenotype data federation in Swiss university memory centres. Curr Opin Neurol 2019; 32:557-563. [DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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