1
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Piskin D, Müller R, Büchel D, Lehmann T, Baumeister J. Behavioral and cortical dynamics underlying superior accuracy in short-distance passes. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115120. [PMID: 38905733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Improved pass accuracy is a prominent determinant of success in football. It demands an effective interaction of complex behavioral and cortical dynamics. Exploring differences in the ability to sustain an accurate pass behavior in a stable setting and the associated cortical dynamics at different expertise levels may provide an insight into skilled strategies contributing to superior accuracy in football. The aim of this study is to compare trial-to-trial variability of pass biomechanics and the corresponding cortical dynamics during short-distance passes between novices and experienced football players. Thirty participants (15 novices, 15 football players) performed 90 short-distance passes. The intertrial variability of pass biomechanics (foot acceleration, range of hip flexion, knee flexion and foot rotation) was assessed by means of multiscale entropy. The task-related cortical dynamics were analyzed via source-derived event-related spectral perturbations. Experienced players demonstrated higher accuracy and overall lower entropy values across multiple time scales which was significant for hip flexion. The electroencephalography data revealed group differences in parieto-occipital alpha desynchronization and frontal theta synchronization in successive phases of passes. The current findings suggest that experienced football players may show a skilled ability to recruit and retain pass biomechanics promoting higher accuracy, whereas novices may show an explorative behavior with higher spatial variability. This difference may be associated with distinctive visuospatial and attentional strategies acquired with expertise in football. Our study provides an insight into expertise-specific behavioral and cortical dynamics of superior accuracy in football and a basis for its prospective investigation in enriched contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daghan Piskin
- Department Sports & Health, Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Paderborn University, Paderborn 33098, Germany.
| | - Romina Müller
- Department Sports & Health, Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Paderborn University, Paderborn 33098, Germany
| | - Daniel Büchel
- Department Sports & Health, Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Paderborn University, Paderborn 33098, Germany
| | - Tim Lehmann
- Department Sports & Health, Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Paderborn University, Paderborn 33098, Germany
| | - Jochen Baumeister
- Department Sports & Health, Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Paderborn University, Paderborn 33098, Germany
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2
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Huber CM, Patton DA, Maheshwari J, Zhou Z, Kleiven S, Arbogast KB. Finite element brain deformation in adolescent soccer heading. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024; 27:1239-1249. [PMID: 37477178 PMCID: PMC10799973 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2236746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Finite element (FE) modeling provides a means to examine how global kinematics of repetitive head loading in sports influences tissue level injury metrics. FE simulations of controlled soccer headers in two directions were completed using a human head FE model to estimate biomechanical loading on the brain by direction. Overall, headers were associated with 95th percentile peak maximum principal strains up to 0.07 and von Mises stresses up to 1450 Pa, and oblique headers trended toward higher values than frontal headers but below typical injury levels. These quantitative data provide insight into repetitive loading effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M. Huber
- Department of Bioengineeing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Declan A. Patton
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Jalaj Maheshwari
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Neuronic Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svein Kleiven
- Neuronic Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristy B. Arbogast
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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3
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Mor A, Acar K, Alexe DI, Mor H, Abdioğlu M, Man MC, Karakaș F, Waer FB, Yılmaz AK, Alexe CI. Moderate-dose caffeine enhances anaerobic performance without altering hydration status. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1359999. [PMID: 39050139 PMCID: PMC11267619 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1359999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of direct nutritional supplements on athletic performance are still being investigated and arouse curiosity. Only one study in the literature was found that investigated the kicking speed performance of futsal players following low-dose caffeine supplementation (3 mg/kg); thus, the question of whether caffeine supplementation improves kicking speed as well as essential physical parameters in soccer players is still controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of caffeine supplementation on vertical jump (VJ), sprint, reaction time, balance, change of direction (COD), and ball-kicking speed in soccer players. In a double-blind, cross-over design, nine moderately trained male soccer players (21.11 ± 2.02 years, 171.22 ± 6.14 cm, 71.78 ± 10.02 kg) consumed caffeine (6 mg/kg) or a placebo 60 min before completing balance, reaction time, vertical jump, agility, 30 m sprint, and ball-kicking speed tests. Greater VJ height (p = 0.01) and power (p = 0.08), and faster completion time according to the Illinois Agility Test (p = 0.08) were found following caffeine supplementation compared to placebo. Elapsed time (p = 0.01), average (p = 0.01) time, and the slowest reaction times (p = 0.016) were significantly reduced after caffeine consumption compared to placebo supplementation. Caffeine intake significantly improved VJ, agility, and reaction time (p < 0.05) but did not affect 30 m sprint, ball-kicking speed, balance, and RPE values in soccer players (p > 0.05). Although non-significant, caffeine intake also improved sprint (0.67%) and ball kicking (2.7%) performance percentages. Also, caffeine consumption did not induce dehydration, and the athletes' body hydration levels were normal. These findings support the use of caffeine supplementation as an effective nutritional ergogenic aid to enhance anaerobic performance, at least for vertical jumps, COD speed, and reaction time, in trained male soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Mor
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop, Türkiye
| | - Kürşat Acar
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop, Türkiye
| | - Dan Iulian Alexe
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Bacau, Romania
| | - Hakkı Mor
- Department of Coaching Education, Yasar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Mekki Abdioğlu
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Maria Cristina Man
- Department of Physical Education, 1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia, Romania
| | - Fatih Karakaș
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Ben Waer
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Kerim Yılmaz
- Recreation Department, Yasar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Cristina Ioana Alexe
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Performance, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Bacau, Romania
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4
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Hernandez-Martinez J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Vera-Assaoka T, Castillo-Cerda M, Carter-Truillier B, Herrera-Valenzuela T, López-Fuenzalida A, Nobari H, Valdés-Badilla P. Warm-up stretching exercises and physical performance of youth soccer players. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1127669. [PMID: 36875040 PMCID: PMC9975542 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1127669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to compare the effects of standard warm-up versus warm-up using stretching exercises on the physical performance of male youth soccer players. Eighty-five male soccer players (age: 10.3 ± 4.3 years; body mass index: 19.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2) were assessed for countermovement jump height (CMJ, cm), 10 m, 20 m and 30 m running sprint speed (s) and ball kicking speed (km/h) for the dominant and non-dominant leg under five (randomized) warm-up conditions. Using 72 h of recovery between conditions, the participants completed a control condition (CC) and four experimental conditions, including static stretching (SSC), dynamic stretching (DSC), ballistic stretching (BSC), and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNFC) exercises. All warm-up conditions had a duration of 10 minutes. The main results indicate that no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between warm-up conditions compared to CC in CMJ (CC = 28.1 ± 4.9; SSC = 28.4 ± 4.9; DSC = 30.9 ± 4.8; BSC = 30.9 ± 5.2; PNFC = 28.4 ± 5.0), 10 m sprint (CC = 2.42 ± 0.4; SSC = 2.50 ± 0.4; DSC = 2.30 ± 0.3; BSC = 2.27 ± 0.3; PNFC = 2.53 ± 0.4), 20 m sprint (CC = 5.42 ± 0.9; SSC = 5.59 ± 0.9; DSC = 5.37 ± 0.9; BSC = 5.40 ± 0.9; PNFC = 5.44 ± 0.9), 30 m sprint (CC = 8.05 ± 1.3; SSC = 8.27 ± 1.3; DSC = 8.01 ± 1.3; BSC = 8.00 ± 1.3; PNFC = 8.12 ± 1.3), ball kicking speed for dominant (CC = 56.2 ± 4.9; SSC = 55.3 ± 5.2; DSC = 56.9 ± 5.8; BSC = 57.3 ± 5.8; PNFC = 55.7 ± 5.2) and non-dominant leg (CC = 52.8 ± 3.4; SSC = 51.8 ± 4.6; DSC = 53.5 ± 5.4; BSC = 53.6 ± 4.9; PNFC = 52.5 ± 4.0). In conclusion, compared to standard warm-up, stretching-based warm-up exerts no effect on male youth soccer players jump height, sprint speed and ball kicking speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hernandez-Martinez
- Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.,Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - María Castillo-Cerda
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | | | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- School of Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio López-Fuenzalida
- Department of Rehabilitation, Intervention and Therapeutic Approach, School of Health Sciences, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.,Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Brașov, Brașov, Romania
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Carrera de Entrenador Deportivo, Escuela de Educación, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
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5
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Díez-Fernández DM, Rodríguez-Rosell D, Gazzo F, Giráldez J, Villaseca-Vicuña R, Gonzalez-Jurado JA. Can the Supido Radar Be Used for Measuring Ball Speed during Soccer Kicking? A Reliability and Concurrent Validity Study of a New Low-Cost Device. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7046. [PMID: 36146396 PMCID: PMC9505007 DOI: 10.3390/s22187046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to analyze the reliability and validity of a low-cost instrument, based on a radar system, to quantify the kicking ball speed in soccer. A group of 153 male soccer players (under-13, n = 53; under-15, n = 54; under-18, n = 46) participated in this study. Each player performed three kicks on the goal in a standardized condition while the ball speed was measured with three different devices: one Radar Stalker ATS II® (reference criterion) and two Supido Radar® (Supido-front of the goal and Supido-back of the goal). The standard error of measurement (SEM) expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were employed for assessing the reliability of each instrument. Stalker and Supido-back showed very high absolute (CV = 4.0-5.4%) and relative (ICC = 0.945-0.958) reliability, whereas Supido-front resulted in moderate to low reliability scores (CV = 7.4-15%, ICC = 0.134-0.693). In addition, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) values revealed an 'almost perfect' agreement between Stalker and Supido-back for the average (r = 0.99) and maximal (r = 0.98) ball speed, regardless of the ball speed range analyzed. However, Supido-front resulted in a poor degree of concordance (CCC = 0.688) and a high magnitude of error (17.0-37.5 km·h-1) with the reference Stalker radar gun. The Supido Radar® placed behind the goal could be considered a reliable and valid device for measuring ball speed in soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Díez-Fernández
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez-Rosell
- Research, Development, and Innovation (R&D+I) Area, Investigation in Medicine and Sport Department, Sevilla Football Club, 41005 Seville, Spain
- Department of Sport and Informatics, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Federico Gazzo
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Julián Giráldez
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, University of Flores (UFLO), Buenos Aires 1406, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Villaseca-Vicuña
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación y Tecnología de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad Católica, Silva Henríquez (UCSH), Santiago 8330225, Chile
| | - Jose A. Gonzalez-Jurado
- Department of Sport and Informatics, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
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6
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Irurtia A, Torres-Mestre VM, Cebrián-Ponce Á, Carrasco-Marginet M, Altarriba-Bartés A, Vives-Usón M, Cos F, Castizo-Olier J. Physical Fitness and Performance in Talented & Untalented Young Chinese Soccer Players. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:98. [PMID: 35052262 PMCID: PMC8775658 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sports performance is a complex process that involves many factors, including ethnic and racial differences. China's youth soccer is in a process of constant development, although information about the characteristics of its players and their methodological systems is scarce. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize the physical fitness and the competitive performance of 722 Chinese players of three sports categories (8.0-9.9, 10.0-11.9 and 12.0-13.9 years), who were classified by their coaches as talented (n = 204) or untalented (n = 518). Players were assessed for anthropometry (body height, body mass, body mass index), lung capacity (Forced Vital Capacity), jumping performance (Squat Jump, Countermovement Jump and Abalakov tests), sprinting performance (10 m and 30 m Sprint tests), agility performance (Repeated Side-Step test) and flexibility (Sit & Reach test). A descriptive, comparative, correlational and multivariate analysis was performed. Competitive ranking was created in order to act as dependent variable in multiple linear regression analysis. Results indicate that Chinese players classified as talented have better motor performance than untalented ones. However, these differences are neither related nor determine the competitive performance of one group or the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Irurtia
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
- Catalan School of Kinanthropometry, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Torres-Mestre
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
| | - Álex Cebrián-Ponce
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
- Catalan School of Kinanthropometry, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Carrasco-Marginet
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
- Catalan School of Kinanthropometry, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Altarriba-Bartés
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Center (CEEAF), Sport Performance Analysis Research Group (SPARG), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, 08500 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marc Vives-Usón
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesc Cos
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
| | - Jorge Castizo-Olier
- School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, 08302 Barcelona, Spain;
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7
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McCalman W, Crowley-McHattan ZJ, Fransen J, Bennett KJM. Skill assessments in youth soccer: A scoping review. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:667-695. [PMID: 34967269 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.2013617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Talent identification in youth soccer is a complex decision-making process that requires selectors to judge an individual's future potential. While there has been considerable research into the performance characteristics of talented players, investigators have limited consensus on the best approach to assess soccer skills. Most of the research explains why we should measure skill instead of how we go about assessing skill. Therefore, the current scoping review aimed to synthesize and analyse skill assessments in youth soccer. Four electronic databases (EBSCO, ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched for relevant studies. Information regarding the sample characteristics and methodological design of the skill assessments were extracted, synthesised, and presented in a qualitative analysis. Overall, 226 skill assessments were used across the 93 included studies. Male players from different ages (U/7-U/23) and playing levels comprised most (89%) of the collective sample. The majority of assessments were performed in settings not representative of football match-play (68%), focused on offensive skills (99%), and included skill outcome measures (95%). The variability of assessments highlights some confusion about the best way to assess soccer skill, potentially limiting selectors ability to identify skilful players. Ultimately, this will impact the number of quality players within the talent pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- William McCalman
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Zachary J Crowley-McHattan
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Job Fransen
- Human Performance Research Centre, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - K J M Bennett
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
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8
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Boyne M, Simms C, van Dyk N, Farrell G, Farrell E, McHugh C, Wall J, Mockler D, Wilson F. It's not all about power: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing sex-based differences in kicking biomechanics in soccer. Sports Biomech 2021:1-44. [PMID: 34781851 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1981426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Kicking is fundamental in many field-based sports. Most studies investigating kicking performance have been conducted with male athletes, resulting in a dearth of specific data to inform coaching of this skill in female players. This systematic review aimed to compare kicking biomechanics in male and female athletes in field-based sports. As per PRISMA guidelines, articles were retrieved from searches across five online databases. Studies investigating kicking biomechanics in field-based athletes of both sexes were eligible for inclusion. Articles were screened using Covidence and data extracted based on STROBE recommendations. The review included 23 studies, featuring 455 soccer players. Male athletes produced significantly greater ball velocities and linear velocities of the ankle, foot, and toe than females. Males had greater ankle plantarflexion angles than females at ball strike, while females used larger trunk flexion ranges than males. Hip and knee torques and ball-to-foot velocity ratios were greater in men than women. Skilled players generated power using tension arcs; a technique not seen in novices. Skill level within sex may have a greater influence on kicking performance than differences between the sexes. This review highlights the need for further research investigating kicking performance in both sexes across the spectrum of sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Boyne
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciaran Simms
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicol van Dyk
- High Performance Unit, Irish Rugby Football Union, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Clíodhna McHugh
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julia Wall
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Mockler
- John Stearne Library, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Wilson
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Koopmann T, Faber I, Baker J, Schorer J. Assessing Technical Skills in Talented Youth Athletes: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 50:1593-1611. [PMID: 32495253 PMCID: PMC7441090 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Talent identification and development (TID) programs aim to identify players with the greatest potential for long-term success. Previous research suggests that the assessment of sport-specific technical skills is valuable for discriminating between more and less skilled individuals and/or for predicting future performance. Objective This review aims to provide an overview on both the instruments used to assess sport-specific technical skills and their discriminatory, explanatory and/or predictive findings in the context of TID. Methods Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SPORTDiscus, SURF and Scopus (January 1990–October 2019). Search terms covered the areas of sport, technical skills assessment, performance, skill level and youth. In the end, 59 relevant studies were identified and evaluated. Results The results highlight the widespread and important role of technical skills in TID; almost all studies (93%) reported discriminatory, explanatory and/or predictive benefits for the assessment of sport-specific technical skills. Analyzing and categorizing the number of assessment methods applied in the studies (n = 69) according to their method type (‘technique-related’ or ‘outcome-related’ variables) and method set-up (‘experimental’ or ‘competition’ data acquisition environment) indicated a clear tendency towards ‘outcome-related’ (73%) and ‘experimental’ (75%) assessment methods. We also found a strong overrepresentation of studies assessing cross-sectional data (75%) in soccer (53%) in male samples (74% of studies reporting subjects’ sex) from European countries (64%). Conclusions On the one hand, our findings demonstrate the great capability of sport-specific technical skills assessments to discriminate different performance levels and predict future performance in TID activities. On the other hand, this review highlights the focus on ‘outcome-related’ and ‘experimental’ methods in specific populations and, consequently, the limited knowledge in other areas. Here, the application of ‘technique-related’ and ‘competition’ methods appears promising for adding new knowledge, especially in the light of technological advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Koopmann
- Institute of Sport Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Irene Faber
- Institute of Sport Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.,International Table Tennis Federation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Baker
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jörg Schorer
- Institute of Sport Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
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10
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Hernández-Belmonte A, Sánchez-Pay A. Concurrent validity, inter-unit reliability and biological variability of a low-cost pocket radar for ball velocity measurement in soccer and tennis. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:1312-1319. [PMID: 33377436 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1868090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the (i) concurrent validity, (ii) inter-unit reliability, and (iii) biological variability of a low-cost device called Pocket radar. Eleven men recreational soccer players performed 6 kicks to a soccer ball, whereas 13 men recreational tennis players conducted 10 shots to a tennis ball. All executions were simultaneously measured by two Pocket units and the Stalker radar (reference criterion). The within-subject variation among the executions was used for the biological variability analysis. The level of agreement and magnitude of errors included the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), bias, and the smallest detectable change (SDC). A good agreement (ICC ≥ 0.98, r ≥ 0.98) and very low magnitude of error (SDC ≤ 7.70 km·h-1, bias ≤ 3.19 km·h-1) were found between both Pocket units and the Stalker, in soccer and tennis. Inter-unit analysis found limited technical errors (SDC ≤ 5.49 km·h-1, bias ≤ -0.93 km·h-1) and nearly perfect agreement (ICC = 0.99, r ≥ 0.98) in both sessions. These technical errors were lower than the variations due to the biological variability, in soccer (SDC = 2.47 km·h-1 vs. SDC ≥ 8.6 km·h-1) and tennis (SDC = 5.49 km·h-1 vs. SDC ≥ 21.95 km·h-1). These findings suggest the Pocket radar as a valid and highly sensitive tool for BV measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Pay
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Ben Brahim M, Bougatfa R, Makni E, Gonzalez PP, Yasin H, Tarwneh R, Moalla W, Elloumi M. Effects of Combined Strength and Resisted Sprint Training on Physical Performance in U-19 Elite Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 35:3432-3439. [PMID: 33065708 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ben Brahim, M, Bougatfa, R, Makni, E, Gonzalez, PP, Yasin, H, Tarwneh, R, Moalla, W, and Elloumi, M. Effects of combined strength and resisted sprint training on physical performance in U-19 elite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-This study assessed the effects of combined muscular strength and resisted sprint training using both sled and weight vest compared with regular soccer training on physical fitness of lower limbs in U-19 elite soccer players. Thirty-four male soccer players (age: 18.8 ± 0.8 years, height: 1.81 ± 0.05 m, body mass: 76.4 ± 4.9 kg, and body fat mass: 11.3 ± 4.2%) were randomly assigned into a resisted sprint training group (RSTG, n = 20), using both weight vest and sled, and a control group (CONTG, n = 14). Sprinting ability (5 m and 20 m), squat jump (SJ) and counter-movement jump (CMJ) tests, 1 repetition maximum of half-back squat (1RM half-back squat), and soccer ball-shooting speed were assessed before and after a 6-week training program. Within-group interactions showed significant combined muscular strength and resisted sprint training effects were observed for all the tests' measurements (effect sizes = 0.97 and 3.69 for 20-m sprint and SJ, respectively). However, significant increases of performances were observed for 5-m and 20-m sprinting time ( = 0.25, p < 0.01 and = 0.22, p < 0.01, respectively), SJ and CMJ ( = 0.78, p < 0.0001 and = 0.34, p < 0.001, respectively), 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) half-back squat ( = 0.45, p < 0.0001), and soccer ball-shooting speed ( = 0.41, p < 0.0001) in RSTG with large effect size, whereas the CONTG showed significant performances increase only for CMJ (p < 0.05), 1RM half-back squat (p < 0.01), and soccer ball-shooting speed (p < 0.05). We conclude that combined strength and both horizontal (weighted sled) and vertical (weighted vest) resisted sprint training are more effective than regular soccer training for enhancing sprinting and jumping abilities as well as ball-shooting speed in soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ben Brahim
- Health and Physical Education Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rim Bougatfa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Alfarabi College of Medicine, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Emna Makni
- University of Sousse, Laboratory of Cardio-circulatory, Respiratory, and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Pablo Prieto Gonzalez
- Health and Physical Education Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Yasin
- Health and Physical Education Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Tarwneh
- Health and Physical Education Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wassim Moalla
- UR15JS01, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Elloumi
- Health and Physical Education Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Ruscello B, Esposito M, Siligato G, Lunetta L, Marcelli L, Pantanella L, Gabrielli PR, D'ottavio S. Gender differences in instep soccer kicking biomechanics, investigated through a 3D human motion tracker system. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1072-1080. [PMID: 32955833 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims at describing and comparing each other male and female soccer players kicking instep a stationary ball. The different measures we collected by the 3D motion capture system Movit G1 and the High-Speed Camera (240 fps) were considered as dependent variables, whereas the gender was considered as the independent one. METHODS Twenty soccer well trained non-professional players: 10 men (age: 25.3±6.5 yrs; height 1.80±0.07 m; body mass 76.9±13.2 kg) and 10 women (age: 19±3.34 yrs; height 1.64±0.07 m; body mass 58.2±7.2 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. RESULTS Gender differences were found, with a statistical significance (P<0.05) or interesting magnitude (Cohen d>0.5). The most relevant ones were the differences in hip extension of the kicking leg when the foot of the supporting one touches the ground, just before the impact on the ball (independent sample t-Test; P=0.03; Cohen d=1.64) and the speed of the ball, reached immediately after kicking (P<0.001;d=1.23). CONCLUSIONS These results, together with the greater pelvic acceleration shown by men compared to women, highlight the need to develop a gender-differentiated training model, in order to customize the kicking technique in women and to reduce the likelihood, currently higher than for men, of kicking related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ruscello
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy - .,School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy - .,Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy - .,LUISS SportLab, LUISS University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Mario Esposito
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Siligato
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Lunetta
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marcelli
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pantanella
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo R Gabrielli
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,LUISS SportLab, LUISS University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano D'ottavio
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,LUISS SportLab, LUISS University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Palucci Vieira LH, Barbieri FA, Kellis E, Oliveira L, Aquino R, Cunha S, Bedo B, Manechini J, Santiago P. Organisation of instep kicking in young U11 to U20 soccer players. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2020; 5:111-120. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1807043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H. Palucci Vieira
- LaBioCoM Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, Campus Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- FMRP Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- MOVI-LAB Human Movement Research Laboratory, School of Sciences, Physical Education Department, UNESP São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. Barbieri
- MOVI-LAB Human Movement Research Laboratory, School of Sciences, Physical Education Department, UNESP São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Eleftherios Kellis
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Lucas Oliveira
- FMRP Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Aquino
- Department of Sports, Center of Physical Education and Sports (CEFD), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Cunha
- LIB Laboratory of Instrumentation for Biomechanics, FEF Faculty of Physical Education, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bedo
- LaBioCoM Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, Campus Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- FMRP Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Manechini
- FMRP Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Santiago
- LaBioCoM Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, Campus Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- FMRP Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Anthropometric and Functional Profile of Selected vs. Non-Selected 13-to-17-Year-Old Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8080111. [PMID: 32784932 PMCID: PMC7466633 DOI: 10.3390/sports8080111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare anthropometric and functional profiles of 13-to-17-year-old soccer players according to their competitive level. Height, body mass, percentage of body fat, countermovement jump height, change of direction ability, 5- and 15-m sprint times, repeated sprint ability (RSA), intermittent recovery performance, and dribbling skills were collected in 115 young Italian soccer players. Players were divided into selected (i.e., competing at national level, n = 17 U15 and 47 U17) and non-selected (i.e., competing at regional level, n = 43 U15 and 8 U17) groups. U17 selected players were taller, quicker over 5 and 15 m, more agile, and had better RSA, prolonged intermittent recovery ability, and dribbling skills than their non-selected counterparts (d = 0.28–0.55, p < 0.05). In particular, selected players showed lower times on the first three and the last shuttle of the RSA test (d = 0.28–0.34, p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in U15 players (p > 0.05). Discriminant analysis revealed that dribbling skills, 15-m sprint time, and height best discriminate U17 players by competitive level (p < 0.001). Anthropometric characteristics and functional abilities can discriminate across competitive standards between male U17 but not U15 soccer players. In particular, these findings suggest the importance of dribbling skills, 15-m sprint, and height in U17 players.
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