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Ye H, Wang Y, Liu H, Lei D, Li H, Gao Z, Feng X, Han M, Qie Q, Zhou H. The Phylogeography of Deciduous Tree Ulmus macrocarpa (Ulmaceae) in Northern China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1334. [PMID: 38794406 PMCID: PMC11125379 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Disentangling how climate oscillations and geographical events significantly influence plants' genetic architecture and demographic history is a central topic in phytogeography. The deciduous ancient tree species Ulmus macrocarpa is primarily distributed throughout Northern China and has timber and horticultural value. In the current study, we studied the phylogenic architecture and demographical history of U. macrocarpa using chloroplast DNA with ecological niche modeling. The results indicated that the populations' genetic differentiation coefficient (NST) value was significantly greater than the haplotype frequency (GST) (p < 0.05), suggesting that U. macrocarpa had a clear phylogeographical structure. Phylogenetic inference showed that the putative chloroplast haplotypes could be divided into three groups, in which the group Ⅰ was considered to be ancestral. Despite significant genetic differentiation among these groups, gene flow was detected. The common ancestor of all haplotypes was inferred to originate in the middle-late Miocene, followed by the haplotype overwhelming diversification that occurred in the Quaternary. Combined with demography pattern and ecological niche modeling, we speculated that the surrounding areas of Shanxi and Inner Mongolia were potential refugia for U. macrocarpa during the glacial period in Northern China. Our results illuminated the demography pattern of U. macrocarpa and provided clues and references for further population genetics investigations of precious tree species distributed in Northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yiling Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Hengzhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Dingfan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Haochen Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhimei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaolong Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Mian Han
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Qiyang Qie
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Huijuan Zhou
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi'an 710061, China
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Zheng Z, Gao W, Zhu Z, Li S, Chen X, Cravotto G, Sui Y, Zhou L. Complexes of Soluble Dietary Fiber and Polyphenols from Lotus Root Regulate High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:466. [PMID: 38671914 PMCID: PMC11047371 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, complexes of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and polyphenols (PPs) isolated from lotus roots were prepared (SDF-PPs), as well as physical mixtures (SDF&PPs), which were given to high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. The results demonstrated that SDF-PPs improve lipid levels and reverse liver injury in hyperlipidemic mice. Western blotting and real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) results showed that SDF-PPs regulated liver lipids by increasing the phosphorylation of Adenine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), up-regulating the expression of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (CPT1), and down-regulating the expression of Fatty acid synthase (FAS) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), as well as the transcription factor sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SPEBP-1) and its downstream liposynthesis genes. Additionally, the intervention of SDF-PPs could modulate the composition of intestinal gut microbes, inducing an increase in Lachnospiraceae and a decrease in Desulfovibrionaceae and Prevotellaceae in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Thus, the research provides a theoretical basis for the application of lotus root active ingredients in functional foods and ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zheng
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Weilan Gao
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Shuyi Li
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Xueling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.C.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Yong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.C.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.C.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.)
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3
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Jeong C, Lee CH, Lee Y, Seo J, Wang W, Park KH, Oh E, Cho Y, Park C, Son YJ, Yoon Park JH, Kang H, Lee KW. Ulmus macrocarpa Hance trunk bark extracts inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and prevent ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117285. [PMID: 37839769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulmus macrocarpa Hance (UmH) bark has been traditionally utilized for medicinal purposes. The bark extract of this plant has diverse health benefits, and its potential role in enhancing bone health is of distinct interest, particularly when considering the substantial health and economic implications of bone-related pathologies, such as osteoporosis. Despite the compelling theoretical implications of UmH bark in fortifying bone health, no definitive evidence at the in vivo level is currently available, thus highlighting the innovative and as-yet-unexplored potential of this field of study. AIM OF THE STUDY Primarily, our study aims to conduct a meticulous analysis of the disparity in the concentration of active compounds in the UmH root bark (Umrb) and trunk bark (Umtb) extracts and confirm UmH bark's efficacy in enhancing bone health in vivo, illuminating the cellular mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Umrb and Umtb extracts were subjected to component analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography and then assessed for their inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation through the TRAP assay. An ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model replicates postmenopausal conditions commonly associated with osteoporosis. Micro-CT was used to analyze bone structure parameters, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and staining were used to assess bone formation markers and osteoclast activity. Furthermore, this study investigated the impact of the extract on the expression of pivotal proteins and genes involved in bone formation and resorption using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). RESULTS The findings of our study reveal a significant discrepancy in the concentration of active constituents between Umrb and Umtb, establishing Umtb as a superior source for promoting bone health. I addition, a standardized pilot-scale procedure was conducted for credibility. The bone health benefits of Umtb were verified using an OVX model. This validation involved the assessment of various parameters, including BMD, BV/TV, and BS/TV, using micro-CT imaging. Additionally, the activation of osteoblasts was evaluated by Umtb by measuring specific factors such as ALP, OCN, OPG in blood samples and through IHC staining. In the same investigations, diminished levels of osteoclast differentiation factors, such as TRAP, NFATc1, were also observed. The observed patterns exhibited consistency in vitro BMM investigations. CONCLUSIONS Through verification at both in vitro levels using BMMs and in vivo levels using the OVX-induced mouse model, our research demonstrates that Umtb is a more effective means of improving bone health in comparison to Umrb. These findings pave the way for developing health-functional foods or botanical drugs targeting osteoporosis and other bone-related disorders and enhance the prospects for future research extensions, including clinical studies, in extract applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhyeok Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hyung Lee
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Weihong Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, NS-80, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Hyung Park
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, NS-80, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunseok Oh
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, NS-80, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youbin Cho
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, NS-80, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chanyoon Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, NS-80, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, NS-80, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bio Convergence, Seoul National. University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Zhu C, Mou M, Yang L, Jiang Z, Zheng M, Li Z, Hong T, Ni H, Li Q, Yang Y, Zhu Y. Enzymatic hydrolysates of κ-carrageenan by κ-carrageenase-CLEA immobilized on amine-modified ZIF-8 confer hypolipidemic activity in HepG2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126401. [PMID: 37597638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
κ-Carrageenase can degrade κ-carrageenan to produce bioactive κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides (KCOs) that have potential applications in pharmaceutical, food, agricultural, and cosmetics industries. Immobilized enzymes gain their popularity due to their good reusability, enhanced stability, and tunability. In this study, the previously characterized catalytic domain of Pseudoalteromonas purpurea κ-carrageenase was covalently immobilized on the synthesized amine-modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles with the formation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates, and the immobilized κ-carrageenase was further characterized. The immobilized κ-carrageenase demonstrated excellent pH stability and good reusability, and exhibited higher optimal reaction temperature, better thermostability, and extended storage stability compared with the free enzyme. The KCOs produced by the immobilized κ-carrageenase could significantly decrease the TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in HepG2 cells, increase the HDL-C level in HepG2 cells, and reduce the free fatty acids level in Caco-2 cells. Biochemical assays showed that the KCOs could activate AMPK activity, increase the ratios of p-AMPK/AMPK and p-ACC/ACC, and downregulate the expression of the lipid metabolism related proteins including SREBP1 and HMGCR in the hyperlipidemic HepG2 cells. This study provides a novel and effective method for immobilization of κ-carrageenase, and the KCOs produced by the immobilized enzyme could be a potential therapeutic agent to prevent hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mingjing Mou
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mingjing Zheng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tao Hong
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Jeong C, Cho YJ, Lee Y, Wang W, Park KH, Roh E, Lee CH, Son YJ, Park JHY, Kang H, Lee KW. Discovery and optimized extraction of the anti-osteoclastic agent epicatechin-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside from Ulmus macrocarpa Hance bark. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11102. [PMID: 37423923 PMCID: PMC10330169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulmus macrocarpa Hance bark (UmHb) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in East Asia for bone concern diseases for a long time. To find a suitable solvent, we, in this study, compared the efficacy of UmHb water extract and ethanol extract which can inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Compared with two ethanol extracts (70% and 100% respectively), hydrothermal extracts of UmHb more effectively inhibited receptor activators of nuclear factor κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. We identified for the first time that (2R,3R)-epicatechin-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside (E7A) is a specific active compound in UmHb hydrothermal extracts through using LC/MS, HPLC, and NMR techniques. In addition, we confirmed through TRAP assay, pit assay, and PCR assay that E7A is a key compound in inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. The optimized condition to obtain E7A-rich UmHb extract was 100 mL/g, 90 °C, pH 5, and 97 min. At this condition, the content of E7A was 26.05 ± 0.96 mg/g extract. Based on TRAP assay, pit assay, PCR, and western blot, the optimized extract of E7A-rich UmHb demonstrated a greater inhibition of osteoclast differentiation compared to unoptimized. These results suggest that E7A would be a good candidate for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhyeok Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jin Cho
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 315 Maegok-dong, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do, 57922, Korea
| | - Weihong Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyung Park
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Lee
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 315 Maegok-dong, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do, 57922, Korea
| | | | - Heonjoong Kang
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Korea.
- Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bio convergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Lee YL, Lee SY. Potential lipid-lowering effects of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance extract in adults with untreated high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1000428. [PMID: 36388925 PMCID: PMC9663492 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ulmus macrocarpa Hance extract (UME) has demonstrated an antilipidemic effect via upregulation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway and regulation of lipid metabolism in both laboratory and animal studies. Therefore, we examined the effects and safety of UME on plasma lipids in adults with untreated high, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the current double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 80 patients with untreated high LDL-C concentrations (130-190 mg/dl) were randomly allocated to either the "UME group" (received 500 mg UME as two capsules per day) or the "Placebo group" (received placebo containing cornstarch as two capsules per day) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in LDL-C concentration within the 12-week treatment period; secondary outcomes included changes in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) concentrations. RESULTS UME over 12 weeks led to a greater decrease in LDL-C, TC, and ApoB concentrations than did the placebo as follows: by 18.1 mg/dl (P < 0.001); 23.3 mg/dl (P < 0.001); 9.3 mg/dl (P = 0.018), respectively. When LDL-C, TC, and ApoB concentrations were expressed as a lsmeans percentage of the baseline concentration, they after 12 weeks of UME had greater % differences compared to the placebo as follows: by 11.9% (P < 0.001); 10.0% (P < 0.001); 8.6% (P < 0.05), respectively. However, no significant inter- and intra-group changes in liver enzyme, free fatty acid, anti-inflammatory marker, and fasting glucose concentrations were observed. None of the participants experienced notable adverse events. DISCUSSION UME causes a significant improvement in lipid profiles in adults with untreated high LDL-C concentrations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [www.clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT03773315].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li Lee
- Integrated Research Institute for Natural Ingredients and Functional Foods, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeoup Lee
- Integrated Research Institute for Natural Ingredients and Functional Foods, Yangsan, South Korea
- Family Medicine Clinic and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Medical Education, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
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7
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Sun C, Wang Z, Hu L, Zhang X, Chen J, Yu Z, Liu L, Wu M. Targets of statins intervention in LDL-C metabolism: Gut microbiota. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972603. [PMID: 36158845 PMCID: PMC9492915 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing researches have considered gut microbiota as a new “metabolic organ,” which mediates the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. In addition, the liver is an important organ of lipid metabolism, and abnormal lipid metabolism can cause the elevation of blood lipids. Among them, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is related with ectopic lipid deposition and metabolic diseases, and statins are widely used to lower LDL-C. In recent years, the gut microbiota has been shown to mediate statins efficacy, both in animals and humans. The effect of statins on microbiota abundance has been deeply explored, and the pathways through which statins reduce the LDL-C levels by affecting the abundance of microbiota have gradually been explored. In this review, we discussed the interaction between gut microbiota and cholesterol metabolism, especially the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins mediated by gut microbiota, via AMPK-PPARγ-SREBP1C/2, FXR and PXR-related, and LPS-TLR4-Myd88 pathways, which may help to explain the individual differences in statins efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangXin Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - ZePing Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LanQing Hu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoNan Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - JiYe Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - ZongLiang Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LongTao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: LongTao Liu
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Min Wu
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8
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Wang W, Jeong C, Lee Y, Park C, Oh E, Park KH, Cho Y, Kang E, Lee J, Cho YJ, Park JHY, Son YJ, Lee KW, Kang H. Flavonoid Glycosides from Ulmus macrocarpa Inhibit Osteoclast Differentiation via the Downregulation of NFATc1. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4840-4849. [PMID: 35187304 PMCID: PMC8851653 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and identify chemical components with osteoclast differentiation inhibitory activity from Ulmus macrocarpa Hance bark. Spectroscopic analyses, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD), resulted in the unequivocal elucidation of active compounds such as (2S)-naringenin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), (2R)-naringenin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), (2R,3S)-catechin-7-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (3), (2R,3S)-catechin-7-O-β-d-apiofuranoside (6), (2R,3R)-taxifolin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), and (2S,3S)-taxifolin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (8). Mechanistically, the compounds may exhibit osteoclast differentiation inhibitory activity via the downregulation of NFATc1, a master regulator involved in osteoclast formation. This is the first report of their inhibitory activities on the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. These findings provide further scientific evidence for the rational application of the genus Ulmus for the amelioration or treatment of osteopenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Wang
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research
Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National
University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chanhyeok Jeong
- Department
of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture
and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Department
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 315 Maegok-dong, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do 57922, Korea
| | - Chanyoon Park
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eunseok Oh
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyung Park
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youbin Cho
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eunmo Kang
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - JunI Lee
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jin Cho
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department
of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture
and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Advanced
Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul
National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 315 Maegok-dong, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do 57922, Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department
of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture
and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Advanced
Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul
National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research
Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National
University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Based on Network Pharmacology and RNA Sequencing Techniques to Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Huatan Jiangzhuo Decoction for Treating Hyperlipidemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9863714. [PMID: 33936248 PMCID: PMC8055390 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9863714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyperlipidemia, due to the practice of unhealthy lifestyles of modern people, has been a disturbance to a large portion of population worldwide. Recently, several scholars have turned their attention to Chinese medicine (CM) to seek out a lipid-lowering approach with high efficiency and low toxicity. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Huatan Jiangzhuo decoction (HTJZD, a prescription of CM) in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and to determine the major regulation pathways and potential key targets involved in the treatment process. Methods Data on the compounds of HTJZD, compound-related targets (C-T), and known disease-related targets (D-T) were collected from databases. The intersection targets (I-T) between C-T and D-T were filtered again to acquire the selected targets (S-T) according to the specific index. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, as well as network construction, were applied to predict the putative mechanisms of HTJZD in treating hyperlipidemia. Thereafter, an animal experiment was conducted to validate the therapeutic effect of HTJZD. In addition, regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were processed from the RNA sequencing analysis results. Common genes found between regulated DEGs and S-T were analyzed by KEGG pathway enrichment to select the key targets. Lastly, key targets were validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Results A total of 210 S-T were filtered out for enrichment analysis and network construction. The enrichment results showed that HTJZD may exert an effect on hyperlipidemia through the regulation of lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. The networks predict that the therapeutic effect of HTJZD may be based on the composite pharmacological action of these active compounds. The animal experiment results verify that HTJZD can inhibit dyslipidemia in rats with hyperlipidemia, suppress lipid accumulation in the liver, and reverse the expression of 202 DEGs, which presented an opposite trend in the model and HTJZD groups. Six targets were selected from the common targets between 210 S-T and 202 regulated DEGs, and the qRT-PCR results showed that HTJZD could effectively reverse Srebp-1c, Cyp3a9, and Insr mRNA expression (P < 0.01). Conclusion In brief, network pharmacology predicted that HTJZD exerts a therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia. The animal experimental results confirmed that HTJZD suppressed the pathological process induced by hyperlipidemia by regulating the expression of targets involved in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance.
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