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Machado RB, Amorim TOS, de Castro F, Andriolo A. Use of whistles for acoustic classification of delphinids (odontoceti: Delphinidae) in the Western South Atlantic Ocean. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 156:1070-1080. [PMID: 39140880 DOI: 10.1121/10.0028170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the acoustic classification of delphinid species at the southern continental slope of Brazil. Recordings were collected between 2013 and 2015 using towed arrays and were processed using a classifier to identify the species in the recordings. Using Raven Pro 1.6 software (Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY), we analyzed whistles for species identification. The random forest algorithm in R facilitates classification analysis based on acoustic parameters, including low, high, delta, center, beginning, and ending frequencies, and duration. Evaluation metrics, such as correct and incorrect classification percentages, global accuracy, balanced accuracy, and p-values, were employed. Receiver operating characteristic curves and area-under-the-curve (AUC) values demonstrated well-fitting models (AUC ≥ 0.7) for species definition. Duration and delta frequency emerged as crucial parameters for classification, as indicated by the decrease in mean accuracy. Multivariate dispersion plots visualized the proximity between acoustic and visual match data and exclusively acoustic encounter (EAE) data. The EAE results classified as Delphinus delphis (n = 6), Stenella frontalis (n = 3), and Stenella longirostris (n = 2) provide valuable insights into the presence of these species between approximately 23° and 34° S in Brazil. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of acousting classification in discriminating delphinids through whistle parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Barbosa Machado
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Aqualie, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica, Depto. de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago O S Amorim
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Aqualie, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica, Depto. de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Franciele de Castro
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Aqualie, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica, Depto. de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Artur Andriolo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Aqualie, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica, Depto. de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Savel S, Legou T. The Dog Soundscape: Recurrence, Emotional Impact, Acoustics, and Implications for Dog Observations and Dog-Human Interactions. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:279. [PMID: 38254448 PMCID: PMC10812668 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While numerous dog behavioral studies use environmental sounds, the dog soundscape remains undescribed. We proposed a list of 79 sounds classified into six categories: Dog, Dog accessories, Human, city and vehicles, Garden, countryside and weather, and Household. In a survey, 620 dog owners scored the frequency of their dog's exposure to, and thus, the recurrence of, each of the 79 sounds, from never to daily. The survey results also extended to about 25 sounds the number of acknowledged sounds that are likely to elicit stress or fear, that is, negative emotional sensitivity, in dogs. Sound recurrence and emotional sensitivity were not correlated, showing no beneficial effect of frequent exposure to, and no deleterious effect of scarcity of, sound events. We suggest that for the sake of dog welfare, researchers, veterinarians, trainers, and owners may limit dogs' exposure to the sensitive sounds identified in the study during their dog observations and dog-human interactions. A corpus of 84 sounds was collected. The sounds were spectrally analyzed by determining their F0 and 10 dB bandwidth parameters. At the lowest sound frequencies, where canine hearing is poorest, negative emotional sensitivity was generally low. At the middle and high sound center frequencies/F0s, sensitivity greatly varied from lowest to highest, which is incompatible with both the general assumption and dog auditory detection thresholds. How emotional sensitivity relates to F0 (pitch) and hearing sensitivity remains undetermined. Finally, we suggest that future behavioral audiometric studies of dogs may maximize the spectral spread of each sound while minimizing the spectral overlap between sounds so as to reduce both the testing duration and the risk of inadvertently targeting or, conversely, missing frequency-dependent hearing impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Savel
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Legou
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LPL UMR 7309, Aix-en-Provence, France;
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Amorim TOS, Castro FRD, Ferreira GA, Neri FM, Duque BR, Mura JP, Andriolo A. Acoustic identification and classification of four dolphin species in the Brazilian marine area affected by the largest tailings dam failure disaster. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:3204. [PMID: 36586872 DOI: 10.1121/10.0016358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is an increasingly used technique to access the occurrence, distribution, and abundance of cetaceans that may be visually unavailable most of the time. The largest tailings dam failure disaster occurred on 5 November 2015, when the Fundão dam collapsed, releasing over 50 million cubic meters of tailings into the Doce River basin; 14 days later, the tailings plume reached the Atlantic Ocean. PAM was implemented in the concerned area and cetacean species were acoustically identified. Whistles and clicks of visual and acoustic matches were used to predict and classify exclusive acoustic records through random forest models. The identified species were Guiana, rough-toothed, and bottlenose dolphins. Additionally, the franciscana, the most threatened cetacean in the western South Atlantic Ocean, was also acoustically identified. The whistle classifier had 86.9% accuracy with final frequency, duration, and maximum frequency ranked as the most important parameters. The clicks classifier had 86.7% accuracy with peak frequency and 3 dB bandwidth as the most important parameters for classifying species. Considering the potential effect of the increase in turbidity on sound transmission, such as attenuation, the presented classifier should be continuously improved with novel data collected from long-term acoustic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago O S Amorim
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Franciele R de Castro
- Instituto Aqualie, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, salas 110, 112, 114, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovanne A Ferreira
- Instituto Aqualie, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, salas 110, 112, 114, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Neri
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna R Duque
- Instituto Aqualie, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, salas 110, 112, 114, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil
| | - João P Mura
- Instituto Aqualie, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, salas 110, 112, 114, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil
| | - Artur Andriolo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, MG, Brazil
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Viana Y, Amorim TOS, de Castro FR, Wedekin L, Paro AD, Montoril MH, Rossi-Santos M, Andriolo A. Are dolphins modulating whistles in interspecific group contexts? BIOACOUSTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2021.2023047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Viana
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica - LABEC, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Thiago Orion Simões Amorim
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica - LABEC, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Instituto Aqualie, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Franciele Rezende de Castro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica - LABEC, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Instituto Aqualie, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Wedekin
- Socioambiental Consultores Associados Ltda, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Douglas Paro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Marinha (IEAPM/UFF), Departamento de Biotecnologia Marinha, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Arraial do Cabo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Rossi-Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Acústica E Comportamento Animal - LEAC, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Artur Andriolo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica - LABEC, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Instituto Aqualie, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Zahn MJ, Rankin S, McCullough JLK, Koblitz JC, Archer F, Rasmussen MH, Laidre KL. Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22141. [PMID: 34772963 PMCID: PMC8589986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are highly social Arctic toothed whales with large vocal repertoires and similar acoustic profiles. Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) that uses multiple hydrophones over large spatiotemporal scales has been a primary method to study their populations, particularly in response to rapid climate change and increasing underwater noise. This study marks the first acoustic comparison between wild belugas and narwhals from the same location and reveals that they can be acoustically differentiated and classified solely by echolocation clicks. Acoustic recordings were made in the pack ice of Baffin Bay, West Greenland, during 2013. Multivariate analyses and Random Forests classification models were applied to eighty-one single-species acoustic events comprised of numerous echolocation clicks. Results demonstrate a significant difference between species' acoustic parameters where beluga echolocation was distinguished by higher frequency content, evidenced by higher peak frequencies, center frequencies, and frequency minimums and maximums. Spectral peaks, troughs, and center frequencies for beluga clicks were generally > 60 kHz and narwhal clicks < 60 kHz with overlap between 40-60 kHz. Classification model predictive performance was strong with an overall correct classification rate of 97.5% for the best model. The most important predictors for species assignment were defined by peaks and notches in frequency spectra. Our results provide strong support for the use of echolocation in PAM efforts to differentiate belugas and narwhals acoustically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Zahn
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Shannon Rankin
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer L K McCullough
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176, Honolulu, HI, 96818, USA
| | - Jens C Koblitz
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Advanced Research Technology Unit, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Frederick Archer
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Kristin L Laidre
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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Melo JF, Amorim TOS, Paschoalini M, Andriolo A. The biosonar of the boto: evidence of differences among species of river dolphins ( Inia spp.) from the Amazon. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11105. [PMID: 33981488 PMCID: PMC8071073 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Echolocation clicks can reflect the anatomy of the vocalizing animal, enabling the distinction of species. River dolphins from the family Iniidae are formally represented by one species and two subspecies (Inia geoffrensis geoffrensis and I. g. humboldtiana). Additionally, two other species have been proposed (I. boliviensis and I. araguaiaensis) regarding its level of restricted distribution and morph-genetics differences. For the Committee on Taxonomy of the Society for Marine Mammalogy, the specific status of the proposed species relies on further knowledge on morphology, ecology, and genetics. Given that species-specific status is required for conservation efforts, we described and compared the echolocation clicks of Inia spp., searching for specific differences on their vocalizations. The sounds were captured with a Cetacean Research ™ C54XRS (+3/−20 dB, −185 dB re: 1V/μPa) in Guaviare River (Orinoco basin), Madeira River (Madeira basin), Xingu River (Amazon Basin), and Araguaia River (Tocantins-Araguaia basin). We found significant differences in all analyzed parameters (peak frequency, 3 dB bandwidth, 10 dB bandwidth and inter-click interval) for all species and subspecies. Differences in acoustical parameters of clicks are mainly related to the animal’s internal morphology, thus this study may potentially support with information for the species-level classification mostly of I. araguaiaensis (the Araguaian boto). Classifying the Araguaian boto separately from I. geoffrensis has important implications for the species in terms of conservation status, since it is restricted to a highly impacted river system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica F Melo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica - LABEC, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Mamíferos Aquáticos Amazônicos, Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Thiago O S Amorim
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica - LABEC, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto Aqualie, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Paschoalini
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica - LABEC, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Mamíferos Aquáticos Amazônicos, Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil.,Instituto Aqualie, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Artur Andriolo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica - LABEC, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto Aqualie, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Pagliani B, Amorim TOS, De Castro FR, Andriolo A. Intraspecific variation in short-beaked common dolphin’s whistle repertoire. BIOACOUSTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2020.1858449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pagliani
- Laboratório De Ecologia Comportamental E Bioacústica, Departamento De Zoologia, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Juiz De Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Thiago O. S. Amorim
- Laboratório De Ecologia Comportamental E Bioacústica, Departamento De Zoologia, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Juiz De Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil
| | - Franciele R. De Castro
- Laboratório De Ecologia Comportamental E Bioacústica, Departamento De Zoologia, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Juiz De Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil
| | - Artur Andriolo
- Laboratório De Ecologia Comportamental E Bioacústica, Departamento De Zoologia, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Juiz De Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil
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9
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Bittencourt L, Barbosa M, Santos-Neto EB, Bisi TL, Lailson-Brito J, Azevedo AF. Whistles of Atlantic spotted dolphin from a coastal area in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 148:EL420. [PMID: 33261388 DOI: 10.1121/10.0002637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic spotted dolphins were recorded on the coastal area of Rio de Janeiro with equipment of 192 kHz sampling rate. The animals produced an average of 33 whistles/min. The repertoire was balanced among four contour categories, with the occurrence of a stereotyped whistle. Frequency parameters were measured between 1.3 and 29 kHz, which represents an increase in the frequency range previously reported for this species in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. With the use of a higher sampling rate, the acoustic parameters of S. frontalis whistles have changed significantly and became more similar to those reported for North Atlantic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lis Bittencourt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Mariana Barbosa
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, , , , , ,
| | - Elitieri B Santos-Neto
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, , , , , ,
| | - Tatiana L Bisi
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, , , , , ,
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, , , , , ,
| | - Alexandre F Azevedo
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, , , , , ,
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Caruso F, Sciacca V, Parisi I, Viola S, de Vincenzi G, Bocconcelli A, Mooney TA, Sayigh L, Li S, Filiciotto F, Moulins A, Tepsich P, Rosso M. Acoustic recordings of rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) offshore Eastern Sicily (Mediterranean Sea). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:EL286. [PMID: 31590530 DOI: 10.1121/1.5126118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rough-toothed dolphin's abundance and distribution is largely unknown worldwide and evaluation of its conservation status in the Mediterranean Sea is necessary. A rough-toothed dolphin was sighted offshore Eastern Sicily (Mediterranean Sea) in July 2017 and acoustic data were acquired in the same area of Watkins, Tyack, Moore, and Notarbartolo di Sciara [(1987). Mar. Mamm. Sci. 3, 78-82]. An automatic detection algorithm was developed to identify the echolocation clicks recorded within both datasets and a recurrent inter-click interval value was identified during the new encounter. Distinctive whistle classes were also identified with similar contour shapes within both datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caruso
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 28 Luhuitou Road, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Virginia Sciacca
- eConscience-Art of Soundscape, No-Profit Organization, via Provinciale 610, Monreale (Palermo) 90046, Italy
| | - Ignazio Parisi
- eConscience-Art of Soundscape, No-Profit Organization, via Provinciale 610, Monreale (Palermo) 90046, Italy
| | - Salvatore Viola
- eConscience-Art of Soundscape, No-Profit Organization, via Provinciale 610, Monreale (Palermo) 90046, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Vincenzi
- eConscience-Art of Soundscape, No-Profit Organization, via Provinciale 610, Monreale (Palermo) 90046, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bocconcelli
- Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Laela Sayigh
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Songhai Li
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 28 Luhuitou Road, Sanya 572000, China
| | | | - Aurelie Moulins
- Centro Internazionale in Monitoraggio Ambientale, Research Foundation, Via Magliotto 2, Savona 17100, , , , , , , , , , , , ,
| | - Paola Tepsich
- Centro Internazionale in Monitoraggio Ambientale, Research Foundation, Via Magliotto 2, Savona 17100, , , , , , , , , , , , ,
| | - Massimiliano Rosso
- Centro Internazionale in Monitoraggio Ambientale, Research Foundation, Via Magliotto 2, Savona 17100, , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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