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Erdem B, Arslan OC, Sevin S, Gozen AG, Agosto-Rivera JL, Giray T, Alemdar H. Effects of lithium on locomotor activity and circadian rhythm of honey bees. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19861. [PMID: 37963948 PMCID: PMC10646147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium has been considered a potential acaricidal agent against the honey bee (Apis mellifera) parasite Varroa. It is known that lithium suppresses elevated activity and regulates circadian rhythms and light response when administered to humans as a primary therapeutic chemical for bipolar disorder and to other bipolar syndrome model organisms, given the crucial role of timing in the bee's foraging activity and the alternating sunlight vs dark colony environment bees are exposed, we explored the influence of lithium on locomotor activity (LMA) and circadian rhythm of honey bees. We conducted acute and chronic lithium administration experiments, altering light conditions and lithium doses to assess LMA and circadian rhythm changes. We fed bees one time 10 μl sucrose solution with 0, 50, 150, and 450 mM LiCl in the acute application experiment and 0, 1, 5, and 10 mmol/kg LiCl ad libitum in bee candy in the chronic application experiment. Both acute and chronic lithium treatments significantly decreased the induced LMA under constant light. Chronic lithium treatment disrupted circadian rhythmicity in constant darkness. The circadian period was lengthened by lithium treatment under constant light. We discuss the results in the context of Varroa control and lithium's effect on bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babur Erdem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Center for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (ROMER), Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Okan Can Arslan
- Center for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (ROMER), Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sedat Sevin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Gul Gozen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Tugrul Giray
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Hande Alemdar
- Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Bischoff K, Moiseff J. The role of the veterinary diagnostic toxicologist in apiary health. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:597-616. [PMID: 37815239 PMCID: PMC10621547 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231203965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility of individuals and groups to toxicants depends on complex interactions involving the host, environment, and other exposures. Apiary diagnostic investigation and honey bee health are truly population medicine: the colony is the patient. Here we provide basic information on the application of toxicology to the testing of domestic honey bees, and, in light of recent research, expand on some of the challenges of interpreting analytical chemistry findings as they pertain to hive health. The hive is an efficiently organized system of wax cells used to store brood, honey, and bee bread, and is protected by the bee-procured antimicrobial compound propolis. Toxicants can affect individual workers outside or inside the hive, with disease processes that range from acute to chronic and subclinical to lethal. Toxicants can impact brood and contaminate honey, bee bread, and structural wax. We provide an overview of important natural and synthetic toxicants to which honey bees are exposed; behavioral, husbandry, and external environmental factors influencing exposure; short- and long-term impacts of toxicant exposure on individual bee and colony health; and the convergent impacts of stress, nutrition, infectious disease, and toxicant exposures on colony health. Current and potential future toxicology testing options are included. Common contaminants in apiary products consumed or used by humans (honey, wax, pollen), their sources, and the potential need for product testing are also noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn Bischoff
- New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Moiseff
- New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Stauch KLN, Chicas-Mosier AM, Abramson CI. Preliminary Evidence That Fiji Water Has Protective Effects against Aluminum Toxicity in Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera). INSECTS 2023; 14:211. [PMID: 36835780 PMCID: PMC9958646 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have determined that bioavailable aluminum chloride (AlCl3) may affect honey bee behavior (e.g., foraging patterns and locomotion) and physiology (e.g., abdominal spasms). The purpose of these experiments was to determine if Fiji water reduces the impacts of AlCl3 toxicity in bees by measuring circadian rhythmicity (number of times bees crossed the centerline during the day and night), average daily activity (average number of times bees crossed the centerline per day), and mortality rates (average number of days survived) using an automated monitor apparatus. Overall, the AlCl3 before and after Fiji groups had significantly higher average daily activity and rhythmicity rates compared to their respective AlCl3 before and after deionized water (DI) groups. One of the AlCl3 before DI groups exhibited no difference in rhythmicity rates compared to its respective AlCl3 after Fiji group. Overall, these results suggest that Fiji water might exert protective effects against AlCl3. The AlCl3 groups paired with Fiji water had higher activity and rhythmicity levels compared to the AlCl3 groups paired with DI. It is important for researchers to continue to study aluminum and possible preventatives for aluminum uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiri Li N. Stauch
- Laboratory of Behavioral Biology and Comparative Psychology, Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 66047, USA
| | - Ana M. Chicas-Mosier
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Charles I. Abramson
- Laboratory of Behavioral Biology and Comparative Psychology, Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 66047, USA
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Chicas-Mosier AM, Black TE, Hester KP, Belzunces LP, Abramson CI. Honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and aversive conditioning following aluminum trichloride exposure. BMC ZOOL 2022; 7:5. [PMID: 37170318 PMCID: PMC10127314 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-021-00103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Aluminum is the third most prevalent element in the earth’s crust. In most conditions, it is tightly bound to form inaccessible compounds, however in low soil pH, the ionized form of aluminum can be taken up by plant roots and distributed throughout the plant tissue. Following this uptake, nectar and pollen concentrations in low soil pH regions can reach nearly 300 mg/kg. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been demonstrated following aluminum exposure in mammal and aquatic invertebrate species. In honey bees, behaviors consistent with AChE inhibition have been previously recorded; however, the physiological mechanism has not been tested, nor has aversive conditioning.
Results
This article presents results of ingested aqueous aluminum chloride exposure on AChE as well as acute exposure effects on aversive conditioning in an Apis mellifera ligustica hive. Contrary to previous findings, AChE activity significantly increased as compared to controls following exposure to 300 mg/L Al3+. In aversive conditioning studies, using an automated shuttlebox, there were time and dose-dependent effects on learning and reduced movement following 75 and 300 mg/L exposures.
Conclusions
These findings, in comparison to previous studies, suggest that aluminum toxicity in honey bees may depend on exposure period, subspecies, and study metrics. Further studies are encouraged at the moderate-high exposure concentrations as there may be multiple variables that affect toxicity which should be teased apart further.
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Delkash-Roudsari S, Chicas-Mosier AM, Goldansaz SH, Talebi-Jahromi K, Ashouri A, Abramson CI. Assessment of lethal and sublethal effects of imidacloprid, ethion, and glyphosate on aversive conditioning, motility, and lifespan in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111108. [PMID: 32798750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) play an important role in agriculture worldwide. Several factors including agrochemicals can affect honey bee health including habitat fragmentation, pesticide application, and pests. The growing human population and subsequent increasing crop production have led to widespread use of agrochemicals and there is growing concern that pollinators are being negatively impacted by these pesticides. The present study compares acute exposure to imidacloprid (0.2 and 0.4 mgL-1), ethion (80 and 106.7 mgL-1) or glyphosate (0.12 and 0.24 mgL-1) on aversive learning and movement, to chronic exposure at these and higher concentrations on movement, circadian rhythms, and survival in honey bee foragers. For acute learning studies, a blue/yellow shuttle box experiment was conducted; we observed honey bee choice following aversive and neutral stimuli. In learning studies, control bees spent >50% of the time on yellow which is not consistent with previous color bias literature in the subspecies or region of the study. The learning apparatus was also used to estimate mobility effects within 20 min of exposure. Chronic exposure (up to 2 weeks) with the above metrics was recorded by an automated monitoring system. In chronic exposure experiments, RoundUp®, was also tested to compare to its active ingredient, glyphosate. We found that imidacloprid and ethion have negative impacts on aversive learning and movement following a single-dose and that chronic exposure effects were dose-dependent for these two insecticides. In contrast, glyphosate had no effect on learning and less of an effect on movement; RoundUp® showed dose-dependent results on circadian rhythmicity. Overall, the results suggest that short-term exposure to imidacloprid and ethion adversely affect honey bee foragers and chronic exposure to glyphosate may affect pollination success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Delkash-Roudsari
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ana M Chicas-Mosier
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn AL, USA
| | - Seyed Hossein Goldansaz
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Khalil Talebi-Jahromi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ashouri
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Charles I Abramson
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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Chicas‐Mosier AM, Radi M, Lafferrandre J, O'Hara JF, Vora HD, Abramson CI. Low Strength Magnetic Fields Serve as a Cue for Foraging Honey Bees but Prior Experience is More Indicative of Choice. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 41:458-470. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Chicas‐Mosier
- Department of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater Stillwater Oklahoma
| | - Medhat Radi
- Department of Pest Physiology Plant Protection Research Institute Dokki Egypt
| | - Jack Lafferrandre
- Department of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater Stillwater Oklahoma
| | - John F. O'Hara
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma
| | - Hitesh D. Vora
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma
| | - Charles I. Abramson
- Department of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater Stillwater Oklahoma
- Department of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater Stillwater Oklahoma
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