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Rodrigues F, Jacinto M, Couto N, Monteiro D, Monteiro AM, Forte P, Antunes R. Motivational Correlates, Satisfaction with Life, and Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Structural Equation Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:599. [PMID: 36984600 PMCID: PMC10052721 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Background: Motivation is a crucial factor in predicting health-related outcomes, and understanding the determinants of motivation can provide valuable insights into how to improve health behaviors and outcomes in older adults. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between intrinsic and extrinsic exercise motivation, basic psychological needs, satisfaction with life, and physical activity among the elderly population. Methods: The sample consisted of 268 older adults (59 male, 209 female) aged 65-90 years old (Mage = 68.11, SD = 6.95). All participants reported that they were exercising, on average, 1.65 days (SD = 0.51) per week. Factor analysis was conducted using a two-step approach. First, a confirmatory factor analysis and then a structural equation model considering all variables under analysis was performed. Results: the structural model displayed acceptable fit to the data: χ2/df = 3.093; CFI = 0.913; TLI = 0.908; SRMR = 0.071; RMSEA 0.079 [0.066, 0.092]. Significant direct effects were found as theoretically proposed, namely: (a) intrinsic motivation were positively and significantly associated with basic psychological need satisfaction (p < 0.001); (b) extrinsic motivation were negatively but not significantly associated with basic psychological needs (p < 0.001); and (c) basic psychological need satisfaction were positively and significantly associated with satisfaction with life (p < 0.001) and physical activity (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Intrinsic motivation and basic psychological needs play a crucial role in shaping exercise behavior and overall well-being. By understanding these motivation and needs, exercise and health professionals can work towards fulfilling them and achieving a greater sense of satisfaction in the life of the elderly and promote exercise adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center, 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Miguel Jacinto
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center, 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Nuno Couto
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health, and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center, 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health, and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António M. Monteiro
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health, and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Polytechnic of Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health, and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Polytechnic of Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE, ISCE Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Raul Antunes
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center, 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (CiTechcare), 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
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Henry JD, Grainger SA, von Hippel W. Determinants of Social Cognitive Aging: Predicting Resilience and Risk. Annu Rev Psychol 2023; 74:167-192. [PMID: 35973407 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-033020-121832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on conceptual and empirical research on determinants of social cognitive aging. We present an integrated model [the social cognitive resource (SCoRe) framework] to organize the literature and describe how social cognitive resilience is determined jointly by capacity and motivational resources. We discuss how neurobiological aging, driven by genetic and environmental influences, is associated with broader sensory, neural, and physiological changes that are direct determinants of capacity as well as indirect determinants of motivation via their influence on expectation of loss versus reward and cognitive effort valuation. Research is reviewed that shows how contextual factors, such as relationship status, familiarity, and practice, are fundamental to understanding the availability of both types of resource. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of social cognitive change in late adulthood for everyday social functioning and with recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Henry
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia; , ,
| | - Sarah A Grainger
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia; , ,
| | - William von Hippel
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia; , ,
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Hamilton LJ, Gourley AN, Krendl AC. They Cannot, They Will Not, or We Are Asking the Wrong Questions: Re-examining Age-Related Decline in Social Cognition. Front Psychol 2022; 13:894522. [PMID: 35645861 PMCID: PMC9131941 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.894522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social cognition is critical for successfully navigating social relationships. Current evidence suggests that older adults exhibit poorer performance in several core social-cognitive domains compared to younger adults. Neurocognitive decline is commonly discussed as one of the key arbiters of age-related decline in social-cognitive abilities. While evidence supports this notion, age effects are likely attributable to multiple factors. This paper aims to recontextualize past evidence by focusing issues of motivation, task design, and representative samples. In light of these issues, we identify directions for future research to aide our understanding of social-cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Hamilton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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La Malva P, Ceccato I, Di Crosta A, Marin A, Fasolo M, Palumbo R, Mammarella N, Palumbo R, Di Domenico A. Updating the Chieti Affective Action Videos database with older adults. Sci Data 2021; 8:272. [PMID: 34671064 PMCID: PMC8528804 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Validation of the Chieti Affective Action Videos (CAAV) database was replicated with a sample of older adults (age range 65-93). When designing experimental studies of emotions, it is crucial to take into consideration the differences in emotional processing between young and older adults. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to provide an appropriate dataset for the use of CAAV in aging research. For this reason, the CAAV administration and the data collection methodology was faithfully replicated in a sample of 302 older adults. All the 360 standardized stimuli were evaluated on the emotional dimensions of valence and arousal. The CAAV validation in an older adults' population increases the potential use of this innovative tool. The present validation supports the use of the CAAV database in future experimental studies on cognitive functions in healthy and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale La Malva
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPUTer), University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Irene Ceccato
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Behavioral Economics and Neuroeconomics, Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Marin
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Mirco Fasolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Riccardo Palumbo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Behavioral Economics and Neuroeconomics, Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPUTer), University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPUTer), University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPUTer), University G. d'Annunzio - Via dei Vestini, 31 - 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Klimova B. Are There Any Cognitive Benefits of Computer-Based Foreign Language Training for Healthy Elderly People? - A Mini-Review. Front Psychol 2021; 11:573287. [PMID: 33584410 PMCID: PMC7873841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.573287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this mini-review is to investigate if there are any cognitive benefits of computer-based foreign language training for healthy older individuals aged 55+ years. The author conducted a literature search of peer-reviewed English written research articles found in Pub Med, Web of Science and Scopus. The findings of this mini-review reveal that the research on the cognitive benefits of computer-based foreign language training for healthy older individuals is small-scale. The limited research findings of only three relevant studies indicate that these computer-based foreign language training programs may bring cognitive benefits for healthy elderly people, especially as far as the enhancement of their cognitive functions such as working memory are concerned. In addition, the authors of these studies suggest that foreign language learning is a useful activity for healthy older adults since it has the benefits of being meaningful (an advantage over other cognitive training approaches) and provides the chance for acquiring important skills that can benefit other aspects of life, such as travel or communication. In conclusion, the author of this mini-review also provides several implications for practice and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Klimova
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho, Czechia
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Zhu Y, Chen X, Geng S, Li Q, Yuan H, Zhou X, Li H, Li J, Jiang H. Association between ambulatory blood pressure variability and frailty among older hypertensive patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:1703-1712. [PMID: 32857914 PMCID: PMC7589330 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Frailty and hypertension often coexist and are increasingly prevalent with advancing age. Although hypertension is independently associated with frailty, whether high blood pressure variability affecting frailty is unclear. In this retrospective study, we consecutively enrolled elderly patients with essential hypertension undergoing 24-hour ABPM. The frailty was assessed by a 38-item frailty index. The parameters of blood pressure variability of ABPM, including ARV, coefficient of CV, SD, and weighed SD were calculated. Ordinal logistic regression was used to investigate the association between blood pressure variability and frailty. A total of 242 hypertensive patients were recruited and divided into the frail group, pre-frail group, and non-frail group. The overall magnitudes of BP variability, assessed by ARV, CV, SD, and weighed SD, were significantly greater in patients with frailty than those with pre-frailty and non-frailty. With adjustment for covariates, ARV of 24-hour, diurnal, and nocturnal SBP were independently associated with frailty (24 hours, OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 2.01-3.07; daytime, OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.60-2.10; nighttime, OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12-1.27). The CV of 24-hour, diurnal, and nocturnal SBP was independently associated with frailty in the study (24 hours, OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.05-3.07; daytime, OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.34; nighttime, OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.24). For SD and weighed SD, only 24-hour systolic SD was independent risk factor associated with frailty (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01-1.23). The greater blood pressure variability of SBP, particular ARV and CV, were independent risk factors associated with higher-order frailty status. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the causality associations between hypertension and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - ShaSha Geng
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - QingQing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huixiao Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of General Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Ji'an Hospital, Ji'an, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of General Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Ji'an Hospital, Ji'an, China
| | - Jinglan Li
- Department of General Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Ji'an Hospital, Ji'an, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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