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Triska J, Maitra N, Deshotels MR, Haddadin F, Angiolillo DJ, Vilahur G, Jneid H, Atar D, Birnbaum Y. A Comprehensive Review of the Pleiotropic Effects of Ticagrelor. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:775-797. [PMID: 36001200 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This review summarizes the findings of preclinical studies evaluating the pleiotropic effects of ticagrelor. These include attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), inflammation, adverse cardiac remodeling, and atherosclerosis. In doing so, it aims to provide novel insights into ticagrelor's mechanisms and benefits over other P2Y12 inhibitors. It also generates viable hypotheses for the results of seminal clinical trials assessing ticagrelor use in acute and chronic coronary syndromes. METHODS AND RESULTS A comprehensive review of the preclinical literature demonstrates that ticagrelor protects against IRI in the setting of both an acute myocardial infarction (MI), and when MI occurs while on chronic treatment. Maintenance therapy with ticagrelor also likely mitigates adverse inflammation, cardiac remodeling, and atherosclerosis, while improving stem cell recruitment. These effects are probably mediated by ticagrelor's ability to increase local interstitial adenosine levels which activate downstream cardio-protective molecules. Attenuation and augmentation of these pleiotropic effects by high-dose aspirin and caffeine, and statins respectively may help explain variable outcomes in PLATO and subsequent randomized controlled trials (RCTs). CONCLUSION Most RCTs and meta-analyses have not evaluated the pleiotropic effects of ticagrelor. We need further studies comparing cardiovascular outcomes in patients treated with ticagrelor versus other P2Y12 inhibitors that are mindful of the unique pleiotropic advantages afforded by ticagrelor, as well as possible interactions with other therapies (e.g., aspirin, statins, caffeine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Triska
- The Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Neil Maitra
- The Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Faris Haddadin
- The Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dominick J Angiolillo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program, Research Institute Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hani Jneid
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Dan Atar
- The Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yochai Birnbaum
- The Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Lee EJ, Lee SM, Oh JH, Kim HY, Saeed WK, Kim HS, Jun DW. Ticagrelor, but Not Clopidogrel, Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis in a Model of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:920. [PMID: 38612954 PMCID: PMC11013111 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that platelets are associated with inflammation and steatosis and may play an important role in liver health. Therefore, we evaluated whether antiplatelet agents can improve metabolic disorder-related fatty liver disease (MASLD). METHODS The mice used in the study were fed a high-fat-diet (HFD) and were stratified through liver biopsy at 18 weeks. A total of 22 mice with NAFLD activity scores (NAS) ≥ 4 were randomly divided into three groups (HFD-only, clopidogrel (CLO; 35 mg/kg/day), ticagrelor (TIC; 40 mg/kg/day) group). And then, they were fed a feed mixed with the respective drug for 15 weeks. Blood and tissue samples were collected and used in the study. RESULTS The TIC group showed a significantly lower degree of NAS and steatosis than the HFD group (p = 0.0047), but no effect on the CLO group was observed. Hepatic lipogenesis markers' (SREBP1c, FAS, SCD1, and DGAT2) expression and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (CHOP, Xbp1, and GRP78) only reduced significantly in the TIC treatment group. Inflammation genes (MCP1 and TNF-α) also decreased significantly in the TIC group, but not in the CLO group. Nile red staining intensity and hepatic lipogenesis markers were reduced significantly in HepG2 cells following TIC treatment. CONCLUSION Ticagrelor attenuated NAS and hepatic steatosis in a MASLD mice model by attenuating lipogenesis and inflammation, but not in the CLO group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeoung Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (E.J.L.); (S.M.L.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (E.J.L.); (S.M.L.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Ju Hee Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women’s Medical Life Science, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (E.J.L.); (S.M.L.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Waqar Khalid Saeed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule—Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang 22621, Pakistan;
| | - Hyun Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (E.J.L.); (S.M.L.); (H.Y.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Sirca TB, Mureșan ME, Pallag A, Marian E, Jurca T, Vicaș LG, Tunduc IP, Manole F, Ștefan L. The Role of Polyphenols in Modulating PON1 Activity Regarding Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2962. [PMID: 38474211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases are still rising. The principal mechanism that drives them is atherosclerosis, an affection given by dyslipidemia and a pro-inflammatory state. Paraoxonase enzymes have a protective role due to their ability to contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, especially paraoxonase 1 (PON1). PON1 binds with HDL (high-density lipoprotein), and high serum levels lead to a protective state against dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and many others. Modulating PON1 expression might be a treatment objective with significant results in limiting the prevalence of atherosclerosis. Lifestyle including diet and exercise can raise its levels, and some beneficial plants have been found to influence PON1 levels; therefore, more studies on herbal components are needed. Our purpose is to highlight the principal roles of Praoxonase 1, its implications in dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and other diseases, and to emphasize plants that can modulate PON1 expression, targeting the potential of some flavonoids that could be introduced as supplements in our diet and to validate the hypothesis that flavonoids have any effects regarding PON1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Bianca Sirca
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, No. 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Mariana Eugenia Mureșan
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, No. 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Annamaria Pallag
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Eleonora Marian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Tunde Jurca
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Laura Grațiela Vicaș
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ioana Paula Tunduc
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Bihor, Gheorghe Doja Street 65-67, 410169 Oradea, Romania
| | - Felicia Manole
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st December Square 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Liana Ștefan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st December Square 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Gebeshuber CA, Daniel-Fischer L, Regele H, Schachner H, Aufricht C, Kornauth C, Ley M, Alper SL, Herzog R, Kratochwill K, Perco P. Computational drug repositioning of clopidogrel as a novel therapeutic option for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Transl Res 2023:S1931-5244(23)00057-9. [PMID: 37059330 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a glomerular lesion often associated with nephrotic syndrome. It is also associated with a high risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease. Current treatment of FSGS is limited to systemic corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibition, along with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. FSGS is heterogeneous in etiology, and novel therapies targeting specific, dysregulated molecular pathways represent a major unmet medical need. We have generated a network-based molecular model of FSGS pathophysiology using previously established systems biology workflows to allow computational evaluation of compounds for their predicted interference with molecular processes contributing to FSGS. We identified the anti-platelet drug clopidogrel as a therapeutic option to counterbalance dysregulated FSGS pathways. This prediction of our computational screen was validated by testing clopidogrel in the adriamycin FSGS mouse model. Clopidogrel improved key FSGS outcome parameters and significantly reduced urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (p<0.01) and weight loss (p<0.01), and ameliorated histopathological damage (p<0.05). Clopidogrel is used to treat several cardiovascular diseases linked to chronic kidney disease. Clopidogrel's favorable safety profile and its efficacy in the adriamycin mouse FSGS model thus recommend it as an attractive drug repositioning candidate for clinical trial in FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Daniel-Fischer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Regele
- Division of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Schachner
- Division of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Aufricht
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kornauth
- Division of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Ley
- Delta 4 GmbH, Alserstrasse 23 / 30, 1080 Vienna, Austria
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02215
| | - Rebecca Herzog
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Kratochwill
- Delta 4 GmbH, Alserstrasse 23 / 30, 1080 Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Paul Perco
- Delta 4 GmbH, Alserstrasse 23 / 30, 1080 Vienna, Austria.
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Changes in lipoproteins associated with lipid-lowering and antiplatelet strategies in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273292. [PMID: 36040917 PMCID: PMC9426937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Despite lipid-lowering and antiplatelet therapy, the pattern of residual lipoproteins seems relevant to long-term cardiovascular outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the effects of combined therapies, commonly used in subjects with acute myocardial infarction, in the quality of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles.
Methods
Prospective, open-label trial, included patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients were randomized to antiplatelet treatment (ticagrelor or clopidogrel) and subsequently to lipid-lowering therapy (rosuvastatin or simvastatin/ezetimibe) and were followed up for six months. Nonlinear optical properties of LDL samples were examined by Gaussian laser beam (Z-scan) to verify the oxidative state of these lipoproteins, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to analyze structural changes on these particles, dynamic light scattering (DLS) to estimate the particle size distribution, ultra violet (UV)-visible spectroscopy to evaluate the absorbance at wavelength 484 nm (typical from carotenoids), and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Lipoprint) to analyze the LDL subfractions.
Results
Simvastatin/ezetimibe with either clopidogrel or ticagrelor was associated with less oxidized LDL, and simvastatin/ezetimibe with ticagrelor to lower cholesterol content in the atherogenic subfractions of LDL, while rosuvastatin with ticagrelor was the only combination associated with increase in LDL size.
Conclusions
The quality of LDL particles was influenced by the antiplatelet/lipid-lowering strategy, with ticagrelor being associated with the best performance with both lipid-lowering therapies. Trial registration: NCT02428374.
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Meskauskaite U, Andruskeviciute S, Ciapiene I, Giedraitiene A, Lesauskaite V, Tatarunas V. Pleiotropic Effects of Ticagrelor: Influence on CYP4F2 Gene and Protein Expression in HUVEC and HepG2, and Escherichia coli Bacterial Survival. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2559-2568. [PMID: 35959420 PMCID: PMC9359174 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s357985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antiplatelet drugs, such as ticagrelor, which target platelet P2Y12 receptors, are used for prevention of ischemic heart disease. Ticagrelor is also known to have pleiotropic effects of unknown mechanisms. Ticagrelor could influence the expression of molecules involved in resolution of inflammation. This study aimed to investigate if ticagrelor could change the expression of CYP4F2 and its encoded protein concentration and, additionally, to determine ticagrelor possible antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. Methods CYP4F2 expression was determined in HUVEC and HepG2 cell lines by qPCR. CYP4F2 protein concentration was determined by ELISA. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using a disc diffusion method. Results Ticagrelor was observed to reduce the expression of CYP4F2 in HUVEC and HepG2 cell lines. It also reduced CYP4F2 protein levels in HUVEC cells. Ticagrelor had no bactericidal activity against gram-negative third generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli. Conclusion Ticagrelor reduced CYP4F2 protein concentration in HUVEC, and CYP4F2 expression in HUVEC and HepG2 cells, but had no effect on third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugne Meskauskaite
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Ieva Ciapiene
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Agne Giedraitiene
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Lesauskaite
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vacis Tatarunas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: Vacis Tatarunas, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania, Tel +370 37302874, Email
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Kuszynski DS, Lauver DA. Pleiotropic effects of clopidogrel. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:253-265. [PMID: 35678974 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clopidogrel is a widely prescribed prodrug with anti-thrombotic activity through irreversible inhibition of the P2Y12 receptor on platelets. It is FDA-approved for the clinical management of thrombotic diseases like unstable angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, and during percutaneous coronary interventions. Hepatic clopidogrel metabolism generates several distinct metabolites. Only one of these metabolites is responsible for inhibiting the platelet P2Y12 receptor. Importantly, various non-hemostatic effects of clopidogrel therapy have been described. These non-hemostatic effects are perhaps unsurprising, as P2Y12 receptor expression has been reported in multiple tissues, including osteoblasts, leukocytes, as well as vascular endothelium and smooth muscle. While the "inactive" metabolites have been commonly thought to be biologically inert, recent findings have uncovered P2Y12 receptor-independent effects of clopidogrel treatment that may be mediated by understudied metabolites. In this review, we summarize both the P2Y12 receptor-mediated and non-P2Y12 receptor-mediated effects of clopidogrel and its metabolites in various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn S Kuszynski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, B336 Life Science, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Institute of Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - D Adam Lauver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, B336 Life Science, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Gao YY, Gao ZY. Extracellular Adenosine Diphosphate Stimulates CXCL10-Mediated Mast Cell Infiltration Through P2Y1 Receptor to Aggravate Airway Inflammation in Asthmatic Mice. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:621963. [PMID: 34291079 PMCID: PMC8287885 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.621963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease associated with variable airflow obstruction and airway inflammation. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of extracellular adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in the occurrence of airway inflammation in asthma. The expression of ADP in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic patients was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the expression of P2Y1 receptor in lung tissues was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Asthmatic mouse model was induced using ovalbumin and the mice were treated with ADP to assess its effects on the airway inflammation and infiltration of mast cells (MCs). Additionally, alveolar epithelial cells were stimulated with ADP, and the levels of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) were measured by ELISA. We finally analyzed involvement of NF-κB signaling pathway in the release of CXCL10 in ADP-stimulated alveolar epithelial cells. The extracellular ADP was enriched in BALF of asthmatic patients, and P2Y1 receptor is highly expressed in lung tissues of asthmatic patients. In the OVA-induced asthma model, extracellular ADP aggravated airway inflammation and induced MC infiltration. Furthermore, ADP stimulated alveolar epithelial cells to secrete chemokine CXCL10 by activating P2Y1 receptor, whereby promoting asthma airway inflammation. Additionally, ADP activated the NF-κB signaling pathway to promote CXCL10 release. As a “danger signal” extracellular ADP could trigger and maintain airway inflammation in asthma by activating P2Y1 receptor. This study highlights the extracellular ADP as a promising anti-inflammatory target for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zeng-Yan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Ticagrelor alleviates high-carbohydrate intake induced altered electrical activity of ventricular cardiomyocytes by regulating sarcoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria miscommunication. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3827-3844. [PMID: 34114148 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with additional cardiovascular risk in mammalians while there are relationships between hyperglycemia-associated cardiovascular dysfunction and increased platelet P2Y12 receptor activation. Although P2Y12 receptor antagonist ticagrelor (Tica) plays roles in reduction of cardiovascular events, its beneficial mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to clarify whether Tica can exert a direct protective effect in ventricular cardiomyocytes from high-carbohydrate diet-induced MetS rats, at least, through affecting sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-mitochondria (Mit) miscommunication. Tica treatment of MetS rats (150 mg/kg/day for 15 days) significantly reversed the altered parameters of action potentials by reversing sarcolemmal ionic currents carried by voltage-dependent Na+ and K+ channels, and Na+/Ca2+-exchanger in the cells, expressed P2Y12 receptors. The increased basal-cytosolic Ca2+ level and depressed SR Ca2+ load were also reversed in Tica-treated cells, at most, though recoveries in the phosphorylation levels of ryanodine receptors and phospholamban. Moreover, there were marked recoveries in Mit structure and function (including increases in both autophagosomes and fragmentations) together with recoveries in Mit proteins and the factors associated with Ca2+ transfer between SR-Mit. There were further significant recoveries in markers of both ER stress and oxidative stress. Taken into consideration the Tica-induced prevention of ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, our data provided an important document on the pleiotropic effects of Tica in the electrical activity of the cardiomyocytes from MetS rats. This protective effect seems through recoveries in SR-Mit miscommunication besides modulation of different sarcolemmal ion-channel activities, independent of P2Y12 receptor antagonism.
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Martínez-Beamonte R, Sánchez-Marco J, Lázaro G, Barco M, Herrero-Continente T, Serrano-Megías M, Botaya D, Arnal C, Barranquero C, Surra JC, Osada J, Navarro MA. Dietary Avian Proteins Are Comparable to Soybean Proteins on the Atherosclerosis Development and Fatty Liver Disease in Apoe-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061838. [PMID: 34072167 PMCID: PMC8227708 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: The type and amount of dietary protein has become a topic of renewed interest in light of their involvement in metabolic diseases, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. However, little attention has been devoted to the effect of avian proteins despite their wide human consumption. The aim was to investigate the influence of chicken and turkey as sources of protein compared with that of soybean on atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease. Methods and results: To this purpose, male and female Apoe-deficient were fed purified Western diets differing in their protein sources for 12 weeks. After this period, blood, liver, aortic tree and heart base samples were taken for analyses of plasma lipids and atherosclerosis. Plasma triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, esterified cholesterol levels and radical oxygen species in lipoproteins changed depending on the diet and sex. Females consuming the turkey protein-containing diet showed decreased atherosclerotic foci, as evidenced by the en face atherosclerosis analyses. The presence of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in plaques were not modified, and no changes were observed in hepatic lipid droplets in the studied groups either. Paraoxonase activity was higher in the group consuming turkey protein without sex differences, but only in females, it was significantly associated with aortic lesion areas. Conclusions: Compared to soybean protein, the consumption of avian proteins depending on sex resulted in similar or lower atherosclerosis development and comparable hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Marco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Gonzalo Lázaro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
| | - María Barco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Tania Herrero-Continente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
| | | | - David Botaya
- Aves Nobles y Derivados-Aldelis, E-50197 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (D.B.)
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Barranquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín C. Surra
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-22071 Huesca, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-761644
| | - María A. Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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The pleiotropic effects of antithrombotic drugs in the metabolic-cardiovascular-neurodegenerative disease continuum: impact beyond reduced clotting. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1015-1051. [PMID: 33881143 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombotic drugs are widely used for primary and secondary prevention, as well as treatment of many cardiovascular disorders. Over the past few decades, major advances in the pharmacology of these agents have been made with the introduction of new drug classes as novel therapeutic options. Accumulating evidence indicates that the beneficial outcomes of some of these antithrombotic agents are not solely related to their ability to reduce thrombosis. Here, we review the evidence supporting established and potential pleiotropic effects of four novel classes of antithrombotic drugs, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) P2Y12-receptor antagonists, Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor Inhibitors, and Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs), which include Direct Factor Xa (FXa) and Direct Thrombin Inhibitors. Specifically, we discuss the molecular evidence supporting such pleiotropic effects in the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD) including endothelial dysfunction (ED), atherosclerosis, cardiac injury, stroke, and arrhythmia. Importantly, we highlight the role of DOACs in mitigating metabolic dysfunction-associated cardiovascular derangements. We also postulate that DOACs modulate perivascular adipose tissue inflammation and thus, may reverse cardiovascular dysfunction early in the course of the metabolic syndrome. In this regard, we argue that some antithrombotic agents can reverse the neurovascular damage in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's brain and following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Overall, we attempt to provide an up-to-date comprehensive review of the less-recognized, beneficial molecular aspects of antithrombotic therapy beyond reduced thrombus formation. We also make a solid argument for the need of further mechanistic analysis of the pleiotropic effects of antithrombotic drugs in the future.
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Ferrari D, la Sala A, Milani D, Celeghini C, Casciano F. Purinergic Signaling in Controlling Macrophage and T Cell Functions During Atherosclerosis Development. Front Immunol 2021; 11:617804. [PMID: 33664731 PMCID: PMC7921745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.617804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a hardening and narrowing of arteries causing a reduction of blood flow. It is a leading cause of death in industrialized countries as it causes heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease. Pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion (atheroma) relies on the accumulation of cholesterol-containing low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and on changes of artery endothelium that becomes adhesive for monocytes and lymphocytes. Immunomediated inflammatory response stimulated by lipoprotein oxidation, cytokine secretion and release of pro-inflammatory mediators, worsens the pathological context by amplifying tissue damage to the arterial lining and increasing flow-limiting stenosis. Formation of thrombi upon rupture of the endothelium and the fibrous cup may also occur, triggering thrombosis often threatening the patient’s life. Purinergic signaling, i.e., cell responses induced by stimulation of P2 and P1 membrane receptors for the extracellular nucleotides (ATP, ADP, UTP, and UDP) and nucleosides (adenosine), has been implicated in modulating the immunological response in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In this review we will describe advancements in the understanding of purinergic modulation of the two main immune cells involved in atherogenesis, i.e., monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes, highlighting modulation of pro- and anti-atherosclerotic mediated responses of purinergic signaling in these cells and providing new insights to point out their potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Microbiology and Applied Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea la Sala
- Certification Unit, Health Directorate, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Celeghini
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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