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Aldè M, Marchisio P, Folino F, Ambrosetti U, Berardino FD, Barozzi S, Zanetti D, Pignataro L, Cantarella G. Otitis Media With Effusion After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Return to the Past and New Lessons. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024. [PMID: 38613183 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of otitis media with effusion (OME) among children who attended a tertiary level audiologic center 2 and 3 years after the COVID-19 lockdown, and to determine the impact of temporary interruption of day care center attendance on chronic OME. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Tertiary level referral audiologic center. METHODS We assessed the prevalence of OME among children aged 6 months to 12 years in 3 different periods (May-June 2022, January-February 2023, and May-June 2023) and compared the results with those of the corresponding periods before the COVID-19 lockdown. We also compared the disease resolution rates between a subgroup of children with chronic OME who interrupted day care center attendance for a 2-month period (Subgroup A) and a similar subgroup who continued attending day care centers (Subgroup B). RESULTS The prevalence of OME was 38.5% (138/358) in May-June 2022, 51.9% (193/372) in January-February 2023, and 40.9% (149/364) in May-June 2023. No significant prevalence differences were observed between the periods May-June 2019, May-June 2022, and May-June 2023 (P = .78), and between the periods January-February 2020 and January-February 2023 (P = .93). At the May-June 2023 assessment, the children belonging to Subgroup A presented a greater rate of disease resolution (85.7%, 18/21) than the children belonging to Subgroup B (32%, 8/25, P < .001). CONCLUSION This study suggests that the prevalence of OME has returned to prelockdown levels, and that interrupting day care center attendance for a 2-month period could be effective in resolving most cases of chronic OME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Aldè
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Audiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Folino
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Ambrosetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Di Berardino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Audiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Barozzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Zanetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Audiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pignataro
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cantarella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology Unit, Milan, Italy
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Association between maternal insecticide use and otitis media in one-year-old children in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1365. [PMID: 35079075 PMCID: PMC8789766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is common among young children and is related to hearing loss. We investigated the association between maternal insecticide use, from conception to the first and second/third trimesters, and OM events in children in the first year of age. Data from Japan Environment and Children's Study were used in this prospective cohort study. Characteristics of patients with and without history of OM during the first year of age were compared. The association between history of OM in the first year and insecticide use was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. The study enrolled 98,255 infants. There was no significant difference in the frequency of insecticide use between groups. Insecticide use of more than once a week from conception to the first trimester significantly increased the occurrence of OM in children in the first year (odds ratio [OR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.67). The association between OM in the first year and insecticide use from conception to the first trimester was only significant in the group without daycare attendance (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.30–2.38). Maternal insecticide use more than once a week from conception to the first trimester significantly increased OM risk in offspring without daycare attendance.
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Imöhl M, Perniciaro S, Busse A, van der Linden M. Bacterial Spectrum of Spontaneously Ruptured Otitis Media in a 7-Year, Longitudinal, Multicenter, Epidemiological Cross-Sectional Study in Germany. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:675225. [PMID: 34095179 PMCID: PMC8172772 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.675225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed middle ear fluid (MEF) and nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) from spontaneously ruptured acute otitis media (AOM) cases occurring in children under 5 years in Germany. The aim of the study was the assessment of disease burden and bacterial etiology in the era of routine pneumococcal vaccination. Furthermore, we aimed to compare isolates from MEF with isolates from NPS and to analyze the Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution. We analyzed MEF and NPS samples in children 2 months to 5 years for vaccination status, frequency of bacterial strains, serotype/emm-type distribution of S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pyogenes; and intraindividual correlation between MEF and NPS. From 2008 to 2014, MEF samples were collected from 2,138 subjects of which 2,001 (93.6%) also provided an NPS sample. In 851 of 2,138 MEF samples (39.8%), we identified organisms with confirmed pathogenic potential—S. pyogenes: 315 (14.7%), S. pneumoniae: 170 (8.0%), Staphylococcus aureus: 168 (7.9%), H. influenzae: 133 (6.2%), and Moraxella catarrhalis. Among NPS samples, 1,018 (50.9%) contained S. pneumoniae, 775 (38.7%) H. influenzae, 648 (32.4%) M. catarrhalis, and 344 (17.2%) S. pyogenes. Over the seven study years, the number of AOM patients steadily decreased, while the recruiting base remained constant. S. pneumoniae MEF isolates decreased by 86%, with serotype 3 being the most prevalent (25.7–42.9%). PCV13-non-PCV7-non-3 serotypes reduced to 0%. Among NPS, PCV7 serotypes decreased from 14.1 to 3.7%, PCV10: 17.6 to 3.7%, and PCV13: 55.3 to 25.7%. PCV13-non-PCV7-non-3 serotypes increased in the first 3 years of the study (17.1–22.9%), then decreased to 4.6% in year 7. Non-typeable H. influenzae reduced from 87.1 to 41.7% in MEF and from 91.4 to 54.2% in NPS. MEF and NPS isolates from the same subject were identical for 91.9% of S. pneumoniae, 99.0% of S. pyogenes, and 83.3% of H. influenzae. Among PCV7-vaccinated children, 5.6% had a PCV7 vaccine type in the MEF sample, and among PCV13-vaccinated children, 51.7% had a PCV13 serotype. Among non-vaccinated children, the percentages were 14.8 and 70.4. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination has impacted the prevalence and etiology of spontaneously ruptured otitis media among children in Germany. Overall case numbers and pneumococcal vaccine type cases have strongly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Imöhl
- National Reference Center for Streptococci, Department of Medical Microbiology, Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Perniciaro
- National Reference Center for Streptococci, Department of Medical Microbiology, Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Mark van der Linden
- National Reference Center for Streptococci, Department of Medical Microbiology, Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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